Ontology alignment design patterns

Interoperability between heterogeneous ontological descriptions can be performed through ontology mediation techniques. At the heart of ontology mediation lies the alignment: a specification of correspondences between ontology entities. Ontology matching can bring some automation but are limited to finding simple correspondences. Design patterns have proven themselves useful to capture experience in design problems. In this article, we introduce ontology alignment patterns as reusable templates of recurring correspondences. Based on a detailed analysis of frequent ontology mismatches, we develop a library of common patterns. Ontology alignment patterns can be used to refine correspondences, either by the alignment designer or via pattern detection algorithms. We distinguish three levels of abstraction for ontology alignment representation, going from executable transformation rules, to concrete correspondences between two ontologies, to ontology alignment patterns at the third level. We express patterns using an ontology alignment representation language, making them ready to use in practical mediation tasks. We extract mismatches from vocabularies associated with data sets published as linked open data, and we evaluate the ability of correspondence patterns to provide proper alignments for these mismatches. Finally, we describe an application of ontology alignment patterns for an ontology transformation service.

[1]  Jérôme Euzenat,et al.  Towards a principled approach to semantic interoperability , 2001, OIS@IJCAI.

[2]  Erhard Rahm,et al.  A survey of approaches to automatic schema matching , 2001, The VLDB Journal.

[3]  Jérôme Euzenat,et al.  An API for Ontology Alignment , 2004, SEMWEB.

[4]  Thomas R. Gruber,et al.  Toward principles for the design of ontologies used for knowledge sharing? , 1995, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[5]  Michael Rovatsos,et al.  Exploiting interaction contexts in P2P ontology mapping , 2005, P2PKM.

[6]  Mark A. Musen,et al.  Collecting Community-Based Mappings in an Ontology Repository , 2008, SEMWEB.

[7]  Yannis Kalfoglou,et al.  Ontology mapping: the state of the art , 2003, The Knowledge Engineering Review.

[8]  C. Bizer,et al.  D2R MAP - A Database to RDF Mapping Language , 2003, WWW.

[9]  Yuzhong Qu,et al.  Falcon-AO: A practical ontology matching system , 2008, J. Web Semant..

[10]  Renée J. Miller,et al.  Retrospective on Clio: Schema Mapping and Data Exchange in Practice , 2007, Description Logics.

[11]  Aldo Gangemi,et al.  http: //ontologydesignpatterns.org [ODP] , 2008, International Semantic Web Conference.

[12]  Aldo Gangemi,et al.  Content Ontology Design Patterns as Practical Building Blocks for Web Ontologies , 2008, ER.

[13]  Bob J. Wielinga,et al.  KADS: a modelling approach to knowledge engineering , 1992 .

[14]  Jeffrey D. Ullman,et al.  Information integration using logical views , 1997, Theor. Comput. Sci..

[15]  Douglas C. Schmidt,et al.  Software patterns , 1996, CACM.

[16]  Rodrigo Gonçalves,et al.  Approximate data instance matching: a survey , 2011, Knowledge and Information Systems.

[17]  Mick Kerrigan,et al.  Formal Model for Ontology Mapping Creation , 2006, SEMWEB.

[18]  Jörg Rech,et al.  Theory : Electrical Circuit Synopsis , 2000 .

[19]  Ali Aïtelhadj,et al.  Using structural similarity for clustering XML documents , 2011, Knowledge and Information Systems.

[20]  Margaret-Anne D. Storey,et al.  A Cognitive Support Framework for Ontology Mapping , 2007, ISWC/ASWC.

[21]  Phokion G. Kolaitis,et al.  Semi-Automatic Schema Integration in Clio , 2007, VLDB.

[22]  Ronald Fagin,et al.  Translating Web Data , 2002, VLDB.

[23]  Holger Wache,et al.  Semantische Mediation für heterogene Informationsquellen , 2003, Künstliche Intell..

[24]  Abdus Salam,et al.  Mining top−k frequent patterns without minimum support threshold , 2010, Knowledge and Information Systems.

[25]  Ralph Johnson,et al.  design patterns elements of reusable object oriented software , 2019 .

[26]  François Scharffe,et al.  Pattern-based Ontology Transformation Service , 2009, KEOD.

[27]  Mark A. Musen,et al.  PROMPT: Algorithm and Tool for Automated Ontology Merging and Alignment , 2000, AAAI/IAAI.

[28]  François Scharffe,et al.  D2.2.10: Expressive Alignment Language and Implementation Work Package Participants , 2013 .

[29]  Dieter Fensel,et al.  The Unified Problem-Solving Method Development Language UPML , 2003, Knowl. Inf. Syst..

[30]  Jos de Bruijn,et al.  Ontology Mediation, Merging, and Aligning , 2006 .

[31]  Pavel Shvaiko,et al.  Community-Driven Ontology Matching , 2006, ESWC.

[32]  Axel Polleres,et al.  Rapid prototyping of semantic mash-ups through semantic web pipes , 2009, WWW '09.

[33]  Ondrej Sváb-Zamazal,et al.  Exploiting Patterns in Ontology Mapping , 2007, ISWC/ASWC.

[34]  Siegfried Handschuh,et al.  From raw publications to Linked Data , 2011, Knowledge and Information Systems.

[35]  O. Coplien,et al.  Software Patterns , 2001 .

[36]  Steffen Staab,et al.  Engineering Ontologies using Semantic Patterns , 2001, OIS@IJCAI.

[37]  Mira Mezini,et al.  Pi: a Pattern Language , 2009, OOPSLA.

[38]  François Scharffe,et al.  Expressive alignment language and implementation , 2007 .

[39]  Ercan Öztemel,et al.  Enterprise knowledge management model: a knowledge tower , 2011, Knowledge and Information Systems.

[40]  Jérôme Euzenat,et al.  Ten Challenges for Ontology Matching , 2008, OTM Conferences.

[41]  Erhard Rahm,et al.  Rondo: a programming platform for generic model management , 2003, SIGMOD '03.

[42]  Trevor J. M. Bench-Capon,et al.  An Analysis of Ontology Mismatches; Heterogeneity versus Interoperability , 2007 .

[43]  Allen Newell,et al.  The Knowledge Level , 1989, Artif. Intell..

[44]  William J. Clancey,et al.  Heuristic Classification , 1986, Artif. Intell..

[45]  David Ruiz,et al.  Benchmarking the Performance of Linked Data Translation Systems , 2012, LDOW.

[46]  Michel Klein,et al.  Combining and relating ontologies: an analysis of problems and solutions , 2001, OIS@IJCAI.

[47]  J. Euzenat,et al.  Ontology Matching , 2007, Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

[48]  Mark A. Musen,et al.  What Four Million Mappings Can Tell You about Two Hundred Ontologies , 2009, SEMWEB.

[49]  Jeff Z. Pan,et al.  The 7th International Semantic Web Conference , 2008 .

[50]  DoanAnHai,et al.  Semantic-integration research in the database community , 2005 .

[51]  Aldo Gangemi,et al.  Ontology Design Patterns for Semantic Web Content , 2005, SEMWEB.

[52]  Jérôme Euzenat,et al.  A Survey of Schema-Based Matching Approaches , 2005, J. Data Semant..

[53]  Kurt Sandkuhl,et al.  Patterns in Ontology Engineering: Classification of Ontology Patterns , 2005, ICEIS.

[54]  Deborah L. McGuinness,et al.  The Chimaera Ontology Environment , 2000, AAAI/IAAI.