C3I systems analysis using the distributed interactive C3I effectiveness (DICE) simulation

The Distributed Interactive C3I Effectiveness (DICE) simulation was developed to assist effectiveness studies of command, control, communication and intelligence systems. The simulation has general-purpose applicability and consists of artificial agents which complement optional human players, and a means of interfacing to battlefield simulations and other models that represent the tactical environment. This paper gives an overview of the simulation through the use of an example air defence application typified by the sensing of activity; the formation and conveyance of an 'air picture'; decision making; actions; and response.