Creating of Semantic Web

The Worldwide Web (WWW) has drastically changed the availability of electronically available information. Currently there are around one billion static documents in the WWW which are used by more than 200 million users internationally. In addition, this number is growing astronomically. In 1990, the WWW began with a small number of documents as an in-house solution for around thousand users at CERN. By 2002, the standardization committee for the WWW (called W3C 5) expects around a billion web users and a even higher number of available documents. However, this success and exponential grow makes it increasingly difficult to find, to access, to present, and to maintain the information of use to a wide variety of users. Currently, pages on web must use representation means rooted in format languages such as HTML or SGML and make use of protocols that allow browser to present information to human readers. The information content, however, is mainly presented by natural language. Thus, there is a wide gap between the information available for tools and the information kept in human readable form. This causes serious problems in accessing and processing the available information. 28 • Searching for information: Already, finding the right piece of information is often a nightmare. One gets lost in huge amounts of irrelevant information and may often miss the relevant ones. Searches are imprecise, often returning pointers to many thousands of pages (and this situation worsens as the web grows). In addition, a user must read retrieved documents in order to extract the desired information−so even once the page is found, the search may be difficult or the information obscured. Thus, the same piece of knowledge must often be presented in different contexts and adapted to different users' needs and queries. However, the web lacks automated translation tools to allow this information to automatically be transformed between different representation formats and contexts. • Presenting information: A related problem is that the maintenance of web sources has become very difficult. Keeping redundant information consistent and keeping information correct is hardly supported by current web tools, and thus the burden on a user to maintain the consistency is often overwhelming. This leads to a plethora of sites with inconsistent and/or contradictory information. • Electronic commerce: Automatization of electronic commerce is seriously hampered by the way information is currently presented. Shopping agents use wrappers and heuristics to extract product informations from weakly structured textual …