Environmental effects of offshore produced water discharges: A review focused on the Norwegian continental shelf.

[1]  K. Tollefsen,et al.  Uptake of some selected aquatic pollutants in semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS). , 2008, Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM.

[2]  R. Peterson,et al.  2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) Toxicity during Early Life Stage Development of Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) , 1991 .

[3]  J. Sumpter,et al.  Environmentally persistent alkylphenolic compounds are estrogenic. , 1994, Endocrinology.

[4]  E. Ravagnan,et al.  Effects of suspended drill cuttings on the coral Lophelia pertusa using pulsed and continuous exposure scenarios , 2018, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[5]  Pei Wang,et al.  The interface between biomarker discovery and clinical validation: The tar pit of the protein biomarker pipeline , 2008, Proteomics. Clinical applications.

[6]  B K Larsen,et al.  The Potential of Ecotoxicoproteomics in Environmental Monitoring: Biomarker Profiling in Mussel Plasma Using Proteinchip Array Technology , 2006, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[7]  J. Beyer,et al.  Development of a laboratory exposure system using marine fish to carry out realistic effect studies with produced water discharged from offshore oil production. , 2009, Marine pollution bulletin.

[8]  P. Olsvik,et al.  Transcriptional responses in juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) after exposure to mercury-contaminated sediments obtained near the wreck of the German WW2 submarine U-864, and from Bergen Harbor, Western Norway. , 2011, Chemosphere.

[9]  K. Tollefsen,et al.  Binding of alkylphenols and alkylated non-phenolics to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatic estrogen receptors. , 2008, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.

[10]  B. Jenssen,et al.  Sex and life stage dependent phototactic response of the marine copepod Calanus finmarchicus (Copepoda: Calanoida) , 2014 .

[11]  R. Peterson,et al.  Pathologic alterations in early life stages of lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush, exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin as , 1991 .

[12]  E. Ravagnan,et al.  Modelling growth of northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica) using an energy-budget approach , 2016 .

[13]  Adrijana Skugor,et al.  Effects of crude oil exposure and elevated temperature on the liver transcriptome of polar cod (Boreogadus saida). , 2015, Aquatic toxicology.

[14]  J. S. Gray.  Perceived and real risks: produced water from oil extraction. , 2002, Marine pollution bulletin.

[15]  K. Hylland,et al.  Assessment of lysosomal membrane stability and peroxisome proliferation in the head kidney of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) following long-term exposure to produced water components. , 2011, Marine environmental research.

[16]  S. Meier,et al.  SELDI-TOF MS analysis of alkylphenol exposed Atlantic cod with phenotypic variation in gonadosomatic index. , 2011, Marine pollution bulletin.

[17]  Liv-Guri Faksness,et al.  Distribution of water soluble components from oil encapsulated in Arctic sea ice: Summary of three field seasons , 2008 .

[18]  E. Olsen,et al.  Ecological Effects and Ecosystem Shifts Caused by Mass Mortality Events on Early Life Stages of Fish , 2019, Front. Mar. Sci..

[19]  P. Olsvik,et al.  Long-term exposure of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) to components of produced water: condition, gonad maturation, and gene expression , 2010 .

[20]  S. Le Floch,et al.  Effects of acute exposure to dispersed oil and burned oil residue on long-term survival, growth, and reproductive development in polar cod (Boreogadus saida). , 2018, Marine environmental research.

[21]  Carey E. Donald,et al.  DNA damage and health effects in juvenile haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) exposed to PAHs associated with oil-polluted sediment or produced water , 2020, PloS one.

[22]  D. Lowe,et al.  Mortality and quantitative aspects of storage cell utilization in mussels, Mytilus edulis, following exposure to diesel oil hydrocarbons☆ , 1987 .

[23]  J. Kwant,et al.  The Composition of Produced Water from Shell Operated Oil and Gas Production in the North Sea , 1992 .

[24]  J. Beyer,et al.  Alkylphenol Metabolites in Fish Bile As Biomarkers of Exposure to Offshore Oil Industry Produced Water in Feral Fish , 2011, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[25]  H. Hop,et al.  Seasonal baseline levels of physiological and biochemical parameters in polar cod (Boreogadus saida): Implications for environmental monitoring. , 2010, Marine pollution bulletin.

[26]  T. Jager,et al.  Acute exposure of water soluble fractions of marine diesel on Arctic Calanus glacialis and boreal Calanus finmarchicus: effects on survival and biomarker response. , 2013, The Science of the total environment.

[27]  G. Terrens,et al.  Monitoring Ocean Concentrations of Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Produced Formation Water Discharges to Bass Strait, Australia , 1996 .

[28]  Arne Melsom,et al.  Fish and oil in the Lofoten–Barents Sea system: synoptic review of the effect of oil spills on fish populations , 2007 .

[29]  R. C. Sundt,et al.  Effects of Produced Water on Reproductive Parameters in Prespawning Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) , 2011, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[30]  J. Carroll,et al.  Cellular energy allocation in the Arctic sea ice amphipod Gammarus wilkitzkii exposed to the water soluble fractions of oil. , 2008, Marine environmental research.

[31]  B. Jenssen,et al.  Concentrations of viable oil-degrading microorganisms are increased in feces from Calanus finmarchicus feeding in petroleum oil dispersions. , 2015, Marine pollution bulletin.

[32]  L. Jørgensen,et al.  Improving benthic monitoring by combining trawl and grab surveys. , 2011, Marine pollution bulletin.

[33]  B. H. Hansen,et al.  Suppression subtractive hybridization library prepared from the copepod Calanus finmarchicus exposed to a sublethal mixture of environmental stressors. , 2007, Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part D, Genomics & proteomics.

[34]  B. Jenssen,et al.  Sublethal exposure to crude oil enhances positive phototaxis in the calanoid copepod Calanus finmarchicus. , 2013, Environmental science & technology.

[35]  B. Brooks,et al.  Toxicity of Select Beta Adrenergic Receptor-Blocking Pharmaceuticals (B-Blockers) on Aquatic Organisms , 2002, Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[36]  J. Godoy,et al.  Determination of (226)Ra in produced water by liquid scintillation counting. , 2016, Journal of environmental radioactivity.

[37]  N. Bache,et al.  Biomarker candidate discovery in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) continuously exposed to North Sea produced water from egg to fry. , 2010, Aquatic toxicology.

[38]  E. Ropstad,et al.  Effects of polar oil related hydrocarbons on steroidogenesis in vitro in H295R cells. , 2013, Chemosphere.

[39]  T. Størseth,et al.  Exposure to crude oil micro-droplets causes reduced food uptake in copepods associated with alteration in their metabolic profiles. , 2017, Aquatic toxicology.

[40]  J. Beasley,et al.  Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology , 1978 .

[41]  B. H. Hansen,et al.  Acute and physical effects of water-based drilling mud in the marine copepod Calanus finmarchicus , 2017, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[42]  K. Tollefsen,et al.  Acute toxicity and toxicokinetics of 4‐heptylphenol in juvenile atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) , 1998 .

[43]  S. Safe,et al.  Assessing aromatic hydrocarbon exposure in Antarctic fish captured near palmer and McMurdo Stations, Antarctica , 1995 .

[44]  A. Farrell,et al.  Avoidance threshold to oil water‐soluble fraction by a juvenile marine teleost fish , 2018, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[45]  C. Metcalfe,et al.  Increased cellular apoptosis after chronic aqueous exposure to nonylphenol and quercetin in adult medaka (Oryzias latipes). , 2002, Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP.

[46]  Donald G. Davis,et al.  Foreword , 1980, Mathematics and Financial Economics.

[47]  O. Brakstad,et al.  Biodegradation in seawater of PAH and alkylphenols from produced water of a North Sea platform. , 2018, Chemosphere.

[48]  F. Chapin,et al.  EFFECTS OF BIODIVERSITY ON ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING: A CONSENSUS OF CURRENT KNOWLEDGE , 2005 .

[49]  Carey E. Donald,et al.  Embryonic Crude Oil Exposure Impairs Growth and Lipid Allocation in a Keystone Arctic Forage Fish , 2019, iScience.

[50]  F. De Laender,et al.  Crude oil affecting the biomass of the marine copepod Calanus finmarchicus: Comparing a simple and complex population model. , 2016, Marine environmental research.

[51]  M. Grung,et al.  Field comparison of passive sampling and biological approaches for measuring exposure to PAH and alkylphenols from offshore produced water discharges. , 2011, Marine pollution bulletin.

[52]  M. Dunbar.  Arctic Marine Ecosystems , 1982 .

[53]  Malcolm J. Reid,et al.  Assessing sample extraction efficiencies for the analysis of complex unresolved mixtures of organic pollutants: A comprehensive non-target approach. , 2018, Analytica chimica acta.

[54]  A. Svardal,et al.  Effects of alkylphenols on redox status in first spawning Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). , 2004, Aquatic toxicology.

[55]  R. Ingvaldsen,et al.  Arctic warming hotspot in the northern Barents Sea linked to declining sea-ice import , 2018, Nature Climate Change.

[56]  Svein Løkkeborg,et al.  Residence of fish in the vicinity of a decommissioned oil platform in the North Sea , 2002 .

[57]  S. Boitsov,et al.  Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of alkylphenols in produced water from offshore oil installations as pentafluorobenzoate derivatives. , 2004, Journal of chromatography. A.

[58]  A. Goksøyr,et al.  PAH biomarker responses in polar cod (Boreogadus saida) exposed to benzo(a)pyrene. , 2009, Aquatic toxicology.

[59]  S. Simpson,et al.  Sub-lethal effects of water-based drilling muds on the deep-water sponge Geodia barretti. , 2016, Environmental pollution.

[60]  M. Grung,et al.  Water Column Monitoring of the Biological Effects of Produced Water from the Ekofisk Offshore Oil Installation from 2006 to 2009 , 2011, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[61]  T. Jager,et al.  Linking survival and biomarker responses over time , 2013, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[62]  K. Tollefsen,et al.  Individual and molecular level effects of produced water contaminants on nauplii and adult females of Calanus finmarchicus , 2016, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[63]  B. O. Rosseland,et al.  Dose-dependent hepatic transcriptional responses in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) exposed to sublethal doses of gamma radiation. , 2014, Aquatic toxicology.

[64]  B. H. Hansen,et al.  Acute toxicity of naturally and chemically dispersed oil on the filter-feeding copepod Calanus finmarchicus. , 2012, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.

[65]  K. Tollefsen,et al.  Toxicity of synthetic naphthenic acids and mixtures of these to fish liver cells. , 2012, Environmental science & technology.

[66]  M. Grung,et al.  Water Column Monitoring 2014: Determining the biological effects of an offshore platform on local fish populations , 2015 .

[67]  N. Ratcliffe,et al.  Immune inhibition in marine mussels by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons , 1996 .

[68]  O. Kah,et al.  Transgenic (cyp19a1b-GFP) zebrafish embryos as a tool for assessing combined effects of oestrogenic chemicals. , 2013, Aquatic toxicology.

[69]  A. Grant,et al.  Toxicity of sediments from around a North Sea oil platform: are metals or hydrocarbons responsible for ecological impacts? , 2002, Marine environmental research.

[70]  Giovanna Marrazza,et al.  DNA Biosensor Investigations in Fish Bile for Use as a Biomonitoring Tool , 2003 .

[71]  P. Olsvik,et al.  Transcriptional effects on glutathione S-transferases in first feeding Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae exposed to crude oil. , 2010, Chemosphere.

[72]  B. H. Hansen,et al.  Oil droplet ingestion and oil fouling in the copepod Calanus finmarchicus exposed to mechanically and chemically dispersed crude oil , 2015, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[73]  K. Hylland,et al.  Bioaccumulation and lack of oxidative stress response in the ragworm H. diversicolor following exposure to 226Ra in sediment. , 2009, Journal of environmental radioactivity.

[74]  N. Scholz,et al.  Very low embryonic crude oil exposures cause lasting cardiac defects in salmon and herring , 2015, Scientific Reports.

[75]  T. Nielsen,et al.  Impact of Pyrene Exposure during Overwintering of the Arctic Copepod Calanus glacialis. , 2018, Environmental science & technology.

[76]  M. Breitholtz,et al.  Expression of ecdysteroids and cytochrome P450 enzymes during lipid turnover and reproduction in Calanus finmarchicus (Crustacea: Copepoda). , 2008, General and comparative endocrinology.

[77]  H. Komen,et al.  Feminisation of young males of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio, exposed to 4-tert-pentylphenol during sexual differentiation , 1998 .

[78]  N. Stenseth,et al.  The population dynamics of Northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua) through two decades: an analysis based on survey data , 2004 .

[79]  K. Hylland,et al.  Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Metabolites in Atlantic Cod Exposed via Water or Diet to a Synthetic Produced Water , 2009, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[80]  C. C. Montagner.  Trends in the Environmental Analytical Chemistry , 2018, Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry.

[81]  Maaike Knol,et al.  The uncertainties of precaution: Zero discharges in the Barents Sea , 2011 .

[82]  B. H. Hansen,et al.  Reproduction dynamics in copepods following exposure to chemically and mechanically dispersed crude oil. , 2015, Environmental science & technology.

[83]  T. Jager,et al.  Acute toxicity of dispersed crude oil on the cold-water copepod Calanus finmarchicus: Elusive implications of lipid content , 2016, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[84]  Liv-Guri Faksness,et al.  Weathering processes in Arctic oil spills: Meso-scale experiments with different ice conditions , 2009 .

[85]  M. Reed,et al.  Spatio-temporal overlap of oil spills and early life stages of fish , 2014 .

[86]  M. Włodarska‐Kowalczuk,et al.  Species diversity, functional complexity and rarity in Arctic fjordic versus open shelf benthic systems , 2012 .

[87]  C. Duarte,et al.  Footprints of climate change in the Arctic marine ecosystem , 2011 .

[88]  P. Olsvik,et al.  Effects of environmental relevant doses of pollutants from offshore oil production on Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). , 2009, Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP.

[89]  B. Mahadevan,et al.  Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon‐DNA adducts and mechanism of action , 2005, Environmental and molecular mutagenesis.

[90]  T. Parkerton,et al.  Modeling the toxicity of dissolved crude oil exposures to characterize the sensitivity of cod (Gadus morhua) larvae and role of individual and unresolved hydrocarbons. , 2019, Marine pollution bulletin.

[91]  M. Alver,et al.  Validation of an Eulerian population model for the marine copepod Calanus finmarchicus in the Norwegian Sea , 2016 .

[92]  T. Galloway,et al.  Immune modulation in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis exposed to North Sea produced water. , 2009, Environmental pollution.

[93]  H. Gjøsæter,et al.  Polar cod (Boreogadus saida) and capelin (Mallotus villosus) as key species in marine food webs of the Arctic and the Barents Sea , 2013 .

[94]  Kristian Dreij,et al.  The State-of-the Art of Environmental Toxicogenomics: Challenges and Perspectives of “Omics” Approaches Directed to Toxicant Mixtures , 2019, International journal of environmental research and public health.

[95]  Jan Balaam,et al.  Identification of in vitro estrogen and androgen receptor agonists in North Sea offshore produced water discharges , 2004, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[96]  Ø. Johansen,et al.  Biotransformation and Dissolution of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Natural Flowing Seawater at Low Temperature , 2004, Biodegradation.

[97]  J. Namieśnik,et al.  Passive sampling and/or extraction techniques in environmental analysis: a review , 2005, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[98]  Anne Christine Knag,et al.  Acute exposure to offshore produced water has an effect on stress- and secondary stress responses in three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. , 2013, Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP.

[99]  Malcolm J Reid,et al.  Two stage algorithm vs commonly used approaches for the suspect screening of complex environmental samples analyzed via liquid chromatography high resolution time of flight mass spectroscopy: A test study. , 2017, Journal of chromatography. A.

[100]  M. Mascini,et al.  Rapid screening of alkylphenol exposure in fish bile using an enzymatic peroxidase biosensor , 2006 .

[101]  O. Brakstad,et al.  Biotransformation of potentially persistent alkylphenols in natural seawater. , 2016, Chemosphere.

[102]  B. H. Hansen,et al.  Modeling filtration of dispersed crude oil droplets by the copepod Calanus finmarchicus. , 2015, Marine environmental research.

[103]  J. Berge,et al.  Antioxidant responses in the polar marine sea-ice amphipod Gammarus wilkitzkii to natural and experimentally increased UV levels. , 2009, Aquatic toxicology.

[104]  I. Caliani,et al.  Genotoxic effects of produced waters in mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) , 2009, Ecotoxicology.

[105]  Amy M. P. Oen,et al.  Monitoring alkylphenols in water using the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS): Determining sampling rates via the extraction of PES membranes and Oasis beads. , 2017, Chemosphere.

[106]  P. Daling,et al.  Partitioning of semi-soluble organic compounds between the water phase and oil droplets in produced water. , 2004, Marine pollution bulletin.

[107]  K. Pichavant-Rafini,et al.  Effect of Dispersed Oil on Fish Cardiac Tissue Respiration: A Comparison between a Temperate (Dicentrarchus labrax) and an Arctic (Boreogadus saida) Species , 2014 .

[108]  E. DeBlois,et al.  Produced Water: Overview of Composition, Fates, and Effects , 2011 .

[109]  M. Kelland.  Production Chemicals for the Oil and Gas Industry , 2009 .

[110]  M. Depledge,et al.  Stability of lysosomal and cell membranes in haemocytes of the common mussel (Mytilus edulis): effect of low temperatures. , 2000, Marine environmental research.

[111]  Can sea urchin grazing of kelp forests in the Arctic make rocky shore systems more vulnerable to oil spills? , 2019, Polar Biology.

[112]  R. Stagg,et al.  Sub-Lethal Effects of Exposure of Juvenile Turbot to Oil Produced Water , 2000 .

[113]  J. Fosså,et al.  Rapid respiratory responses of the deep-water sponge Geodia barretti exposed to suspended sediments , 2013 .

[114]  S. Sanni,et al.  A Continuous Flow System (CFS) for chronic exposure of aquatic organisms , 1998 .

[115]  R. Fisher,et al.  STATISTICAL METHODS AND SCIENTIFIC INDUCTION , 1955 .

[116]  S. Jentoft,et al.  Developmental transcriptomics in Atlantic haddock: Illuminating pattern formation and organogenesis in non-model vertebrates. , 2016, Developmental biology.

[117]  Dag Altin,et al.  Automatic determination of heart rates from microscopy videos of early life stages of fish , 2017, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[118]  J. Neff,et al.  Composition, Fate and Effects of Produced Water Discharges to Nearshore Marine Waters , 1992 .

[119]  K. Tollefsen,et al.  Toxicity of organic compounds from unresolved complex mixtures (UCMs) to primary fish hepatocytes. , 2017, Aquatic toxicology.

[120]  Torgeir Bakke,et al.  Environmental impacts of produced water and drilling waste discharges from the Norwegian offshore petroleum industry. , 2013, Marine environmental research.

[121]  K. Tollefsen,et al.  Assessing combined toxicity of estrogen receptor agonists in a primary culture of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes. , 2011, Aquatic toxicology.

[122]  T. Jager,et al.  Toxicokinetics of Crude Oil Components in Arctic Copepods. , 2018, Environmental science & technology.

[123]  J. Means,et al.  Assessment of the genotoxicity of produced water discharges associated with oil and gas production using a fish embryo and larval test , 1989 .

[124]  N. Stenseth,et al.  Combined effects of fishing and oil spills on marine fish: Role of stock demographic structure for offspring overlap with oil. , 2018, Marine pollution bulletin.

[125]  C. Achten,et al.  Analysis and toxicity of 59 PAH in petrogenic and pyrogenic environmental samples including dibenzopyrenes, 7H-benzo[c]fluorene, 5-methylchrysene and 1-methylpyrene. , 2018, Chemosphere.

[126]  J. S. Christiansen,et al.  Contamination of food by crude oil affects food selection and growth performance, but not appetite, in an Arctic fish, the polar cod (Boreogadus saida) , 1995, Polar Biology.

[127]  R. Peterson,et al.  Hemodynamic dysfunction and cytochrome P4501A mRNA expression induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin during embryonic stages of lake trout development. , 2000, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[128]  B. Salbu,et al.  Deciphering the Combined Effects of Environmental Stressors on Gene Transcription: A Conceptual Approach. , 2018, Environmental science & technology.

[129]  H. Niu,et al.  Monitoring and modeling the dispersion of produced water on the Scotian Shelf , 2016, Environmental Systems Research.

[130]  K. Tollefsen,et al.  Toxicity Screening of Produced Water Extracts in a Zebrafish Embryo Assay , 2014, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[131]  A. Tarrant,et al.  A Crude Awakening: Effects of Crude Oil on Lipid Metabolism in Calanoid Copepods Terminating Diapause , 2019, The Biological Bulletin.

[132]  Sonnich Meier,et al.  Advances in miniaturization and increasing sensitivity in analysis of organic contaminants in marine biota samples , 2015 .

[133]  A. Koelmans,et al.  Biomarker responses and biotransformation capacity in Arctic and temperate benthic species exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. , 2019, The Science of the total environment.

[134]  M. Mascini,et al.  Electrochemical Device for the Rapid Detection of Genotoxic Compounds in Fish Bile Samples , 2005 .

[135]  S. Brooks,et al.  Seasonal variation in biomarkers in blue mussel (Mytilus edulis), Icelandic scallop (Chlamys islandica) and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua): implications for environmental monitoring in the Barents Sea. , 2013, Aquatic toxicology.

[136]  G. Durell,et al.  Determining Produced Water Originating Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in North Sea Waters: Comparison of Sampling Techniques , 1999 .

[137]  Beatriz Pérez-Cadahía,et al.  First step in the evaluation of the effects of Prestige oil on the shore environment: Availability, bioaccumulation and DNA damage , 2006 .

[138]  K. Tollefsen,et al.  Monitoring North Sea oil production discharges using passive sampling devices coupled with in vitro bioassay techniques. , 2010, Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM.

[139]  Jonny Beyer,et al.  Blue mussels (Mytilus edulis spp.) as sentinel organisms in coastal pollution monitoring: A review. , 2017, Marine environmental research.

[140]  A. C. Dey,et al.  Long term exposure of marine fish to crude petroleum-I. Studies on liver lipids and fatty acids in cod (Gadus morhua) and winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus). , 1983, Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C, Comparative pharmacology and toxicology.

[141]  M. Smit,et al.  II. Species sensitivity distributions based on biomarkers and whole organism responses for integrated impact and risk assessment criteria. , 2017, Marine environmental research.

[142]  M. Grung,et al.  PAH body burden and biomarker responses in mussels (Mytilus edulis) exposed to produced water from a North Sea oil field: laboratory and field assessments. , 2011, Marine pollution bulletin.

[143]  Bjørn Einar Grøsvik,et al.  Water column monitoring of offshore produced water discharges. Compilation of previous experience and suggestions for future survey design , 2012 .

[144]  S. Boitsov,et al.  Alkylphenol retention indices. , 2006, Journal of chromatography. A.

[145]  Rune Vabø,et al.  Environmental risk assessment of alkylphenols from offshore produced water on fish reproduction. , 2012, Marine environmental research.

[146]  T. Hemmingsen,et al.  Seasonal variations in weathering and toxicity of crude oil on seawater under Arctic conditions. , 1985, Environmental science & technology.

[147]  J. Moody,et al.  Immune function in the Arctic Scallop, Chlamys islandica, following dispersed oil exposure. , 2009, Aquatic toxicology.

[148]  Odd Gunnar Brakstad,et al.  Acute toxic effects of produced water in relation to chemical composition and dispersion , 1995 .

[149]  K. Tollefsen,et al.  Combined effects of oestrogen receptor antagonists on in vitro vitellogenesis. , 2012, Aquatic toxicology.

[150]  I. Cancio,et al.  Effects of dietary crude oil exposure on molecular and physiological parameters related to lipid homeostasis in polar cod (Boreogadus saida). , 2018, Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP.

[151]  T. Baussant,et al.  Exposure to chemically-dispersed oil is more harmful to early developmental stages of the Northern shrimp Pandalus borealis than mechanically-dispersed oil. , 2019, Marine pollution bulletin.

[152]  J. Beyer,et al.  Solid-phase analytical derivatization of alkylphenols in fish bile for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. , 2008, Journal of chromatography. A.

[153]  M. Reed,et al.  DREAM: a Dose-Related Exposure Assessment Model Technical Description of Physical-Chemical Fates Components , 2002 .

[154]  J. Beyer,et al.  Evidence of uptake, biotransformation and DNA binding of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in Atlantic cod and corkwing wrasse caught in the vicinity of an aluminium works. , 2001, Marine environmental research.

[155]  J. Meador,et al.  Characterizing Crude Oil Toxicity to Early-Life Stage Fish Based On a Complex Mixture: Are We Making Unsupported Assumptions? , 2019, Environmental science & technology.

[156]  F. De Laender,et al.  Oil droplets do not affect assimilation and survival probability of first feeding larvae of North-East Arctic cod. , 2011, The Science of the total environment.

[157]  M. M. Krahn,et al.  Analytical methods for determining metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollutants in fish bile: A review. , 2010, Environmental toxicology and pharmacology.

[158]  M. Aschan,et al.  Recent warming leads to a rapid borealization of fish communities in the Arctic , 2015 .

[159]  T. Baussant,et al.  Effects of chronic exposure to dispersed oil on selected reproductive processes in adult blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) and the consequences for the early life stages of their larvae. , 2011, Marine pollution bulletin.

[160]  A. Goksøyr,et al.  Candidate biomarker discovery in plasma of juvenile cod (Gadus morhua) exposed to crude North Sea oil, alkyl phenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). , 2009, Marine environmental research.

[161]  M. Reed,et al.  Accumulated Concentration Fields in the North Sea for Different Toxic Compounds in Produced Water , 1998 .

[162]  Malcolm B. Jones,et al.  Immunotoxicity and oxidative stress in the Arctic scallop Chlamys islandica: effects of acute oil exposure. , 2010, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.

[163]  E. Ravagnan,et al.  Toxicity data for modeling impacts of oil components in an Arctic ecosystem. , 2013, Marine environmental research.

[164]  R. Stagg,et al.  Hydrocarbon concentrations in the northern North Sea and effects on fish larvae , 1996 .

[165]  Emmanuel Garland,et al.  Environmental Fate And Effect Of Contaminants In Produced Water , 2004 .

[166]  J. Klungsøyr,et al.  Condition monitoring in the water column 2008: Oil hydrocarbons in fish from Norwegian waters , 2007 .

[167]  F. Regoli,et al.  Antioxidant defenses in polar cod (Boreogadus saida) and responsiveness toward dietary crude oil exposure. , 2017, Marine environmental research.

[168]  K. Tollefsen,et al.  Estrogenicity of alkylphenols and alkylated non-phenolics in a rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) primary hepatocyte culture. , 2008, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.

[169]  Ø. Karlsen,et al.  Unexpected Interaction with Dispersed Crude Oil Droplets Drives Severe Toxicity in Atlantic Haddock Embryos , 2015, PloS one.

[170]  W. O'Connor,et al.  Beyond the obvious: Environmental health implications of polar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. , 2019, Environment international.

[171]  The stable aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist potency of United Kingdom Continental Shelf (UKCS) offshore produced water effluents. , 2005, Marine pollution bulletin.

[172]  Characterizing cytotoxic and estrogenic activity of Arctic char tissue extracts in primary Arctic char hepatocytes , 2017, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[173]  T. Baussant,et al.  Uptake and tissue distribution of C4-C7 alkylphenols in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua): relevance for biomonitoring of produced water discharges from oil production. , 2009, Marine pollution bulletin.

[174]  Mark Reed,et al.  Sensitivity analysis and simulation of dispersed oil concentrations in the North Sea with the PROVANN model , 1998 .

[175]  O. Brakstad,et al.  Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Seawater at Low Temperatures (0–5 °C) and Bacterial Communities Associated with Degradation , 2006, Biodegradation.

[176]  J. Durant,et al.  Cascading effects of mass mortality events in Arctic marine communities , 2017, Global change biology.

[177]  O. Brakstad,et al.  Biodegradation of dispersed oil in natural seawaters from Western Greenland and a Norwegian fjord , 2018, Polar Biology.

[178]  K. Tollefsen,et al.  Identification of petrogenic produced water components as acetylcholine esterase inhibitors. , 2016, Environmental pollution.

[179]  H. Jonsson,et al.  Biomarker Bridges – Biomarker responses to dispersed oil in four marine fish species , 2011 .

[180]  C. Sonnenschein,et al.  p-Nonyl-phenol: an estrogenic xenobiotic released from "modified" polystyrene. , 1991, Environmental health perspectives.

[181]  T. Baussant,et al.  Bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic compounds: 1. Bioconcentration in two marine species and in semipermeable membrane devices during chronic exposure to dispersed crude oil , 2001, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[182]  B. Middleditch.  Ecological effects of produced water effluents from offshore oil and gas production platforms , 1984 .

[183]  B. Salbu,et al.  Hepatic transcriptomic profiling reveals early toxicological mechanisms of uranium in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) , 2014, BMC Genomics.

[184]  S. Sanni,et al.  III: Use of biomarkers as Risk Indicators in Environmental Risk Assessment of oil based discharges offshore. , 2017, Marine environmental research.

[185]  A. Hosseini,et al.  Review of research on impacts to biota of discharges of naturally occurring radionuclides in produced water to the marine environment. , 2012, The Science of the total environment.

[186]  T W Schultz,et al.  Relationships of quantitative structure-activity to comparative toxicity of selected phenols in the Pimephales promelas and Tetrahymena pyriformis test systems. , 1986, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.

[187]  Diego Rial,et al.  Post-incident monitoring to evaluate environmental damage from shipping incidents: chemical and biological assessments. , 2012, Journal of environmental management.

[188]  M. Reed,et al.  Dilution and Bioavailability of Produced Water Compounds in the Northern North Sea. A Combined Modeling and Field Study , 1998 .

[189]  Ketil Hylland,et al.  Water column monitoring near oil installations in the North Sea 2001-2004. , 2008, Marine pollution bulletin.

[190]  Adriana C. Bejarano,et al.  Relative sensitivity of Arctic species to physically and chemically dispersed oil determined from three hydrocarbon measures of aquatic toxicity. , 2017, Marine pollution bulletin.

[191]  O. Brakstad,et al.  Biodegradation of Naturally Occurring Substances in Produced Water - Revision of data for the DREAM model , 2018 .

[192]  Malcolm B. Jones,et al.  Effects of the model PAH phenanthrene on immune function and oxidative stress in the haemolymph of the temperate scallop Pecten maximus. , 2010, Chemosphere.

[193]  T. Parkerton,et al.  An evaluation of cumulative risks from offshore produced water discharges in the Bass Strait. , 2017, Marine pollution bulletin.

[194]  L. Rhodes,et al.  Associations between metabolites of aromatic compounds in bile and the occurrence of hepatic lesions in English sole (Parophrys vetulus) from Puget Sound, Washington , 1986, Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[195]  B. O. Rosseland,et al.  Hepatic transcriptional responses in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) exposed to gamma radiation and depleted uranium singly and in combination. , 2016, The Science of the total environment.

[196]  A. Goksøyr,et al.  Development of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) exposed to produced water during early life stages: Effects on embryos, larvae, and juvenile fish. , 2010, Marine environmental research.

[197]  K. Ingebrigtsen,et al.  Comparative absorption and tissue distribution of 14C-benzo(a)pyrene and 14C-phenanthrene in the polar cod (Boreogadus saida) following oral administration , 2016, Polar Biology.

[198]  T. Jager,et al.  Modelling the dynamics of growth, development and lipid storage in the marine copepod Calanus finmarchicus , 2016, Marine Biology.

[199]  L. Jawad,et al.  Vertebral column deformity in adult wild haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). , 2018, Journal of fish diseases.

[200]  M. Stephenson.  Components of produced water; A compilation of industry studies , 1992 .

[201]  A. Nederbragt,et al.  Genomic architecture of haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) shows expansions of innate immune genes and short tandem repeats , 2018, BMC Genomics.

[202]  Ole Jacob Broch,et al.  Modelling produced water dispersion and its direct toxic effects on the production and biomass of the marine copepod Calanus finmarchicus. , 2013, Marine environmental research.

[203]  S. George,et al.  Dietary crude oil exposure during sexual maturation induces hepatic mixed function oxygenase (CYP1A) activity at very low environmental temperatures in Polar cod Boreogadus saida , 1995 .

[204]  Anders Goksøyr,et al.  Independent losses of a xenobiotic receptor across teleost evolution , 2018, Scientific Reports.

[205]  P. Olsvik,et al.  Effects of oil pollution and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on glycerophospholipids in liver and brain of male Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). , 2013, Chemosphere.

[206]  S. Kubota,et al.  Formation of hydroxy radicals by environmental estrogen-like chemicals in rat striatum , 2000, Neuroscience Letters.

[207]  Malcolm J Reid,et al.  Statistical Variable Selection: An Alternative Prioritization Strategy during the Nontarget Analysis of LC-HR-MS Data. , 2017, Analytical chemistry.

[208]  Kenneth Lee,et al.  The immune response of juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) to chronic exposure to produced water. , 2010, Marine environmental research.

[209]  T. Størseth,et al.  Embryonic exposure to produced water can cause cardiac toxicity and deformations in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) larvae. , 2019, Marine environmental research.

[210]  K. Thomas,et al.  Concentrations and Distribution of Naphthenic Acids in the Produced Water From Offshore Norwegian North Sea Oilfields. , 2020, Environmental science & technology.

[211]  J. Neff,et al.  Oil well produced water discharges to the North Sea. Part II: comparison of deployed mussels (Mytilus edulis) and the DREAM model to predict ecological risk. , 2006, Marine environmental research.

[212]  I. Ellingsen,et al.  Status and trends in the structure of Arctic benthic food webs , 2015 .

[213]  E. Ravagnan,et al.  Parameterising a generic model for the dynamic energy budget of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba , 2015 .

[214]  Erin M. Snyder,et al.  Effects of waterborne exposure to 4-nonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylate on secondary sex characteristics and gonads of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). , 1999, Environmental research.

[215]  J. Berge,et al.  Growth and metabolism of adult polar cod (Boreogadus saida) in response to dietary crude oil. , 2019, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.

[216]  T. Baussant,et al.  Biological effects of water soluble fraction of crude oil on the Arctic sea ice amphipod Gammarus wilkitzkii , 2009 .

[217]  P. Olsvik,et al.  Transcriptional evidence for low contribution of oil droplets to acute toxicity from dispersed oil in first feeding Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae. , 2011, Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP.

[218]  K. Tollefsen,et al.  17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2) effect on global gene expression in primary rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes. , 2015, Aquatic toxicology.

[219]  T. Baussant,et al.  Direct Visualization of Mucus Production by the Cold-Water Coral Lophelia pertusa with Digital Holographic Microscopy , 2016, PloS one.

[220]  N. Stenseth,et al.  The effects of oil spills on marine fish: Implications of spatial variation in natural mortality. , 2017, Marine pollution bulletin.

[221]  T. Nielsen,et al.  Oil exposure in a warmer Arctic: potential impacts on key zooplankton species , 2011 .

[222]  S. Meier,et al.  DNA adducts in marine fish as biological marker of genotoxicity in environmental monitoring: The way forward. , 2017, Marine environmental research.

[223]  K. Tollefsen,et al.  Transcriptomic analysis reveals dose-dependent modes of action of benzo(a)pyrene in polar cod (Boreogadus saida). , 2019, The Science of the total environment.

[224]  T. Jager,et al.  Capturing the life history of the marine copepod Calanus sinicus into a generic bioenergetics framework , 2015 .

[225]  Ø. Karlsen,et al.  Oil droplet fouling and differential toxicokinetics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in embryos of Atlantic haddock and cod , 2017, PloS one.

[226]  Malcolm J. Reid,et al.  The effect of extraction methodology on the recovery and distribution of naphthenic acids of oilfield produced water. , 2019, The Science of the total environment.

[227]  P. Olsvik,et al.  Offshore Crude Oil Disrupts Retinoid Signaling and Eye Development in Larval Atlantic Haddock , 2019, Front. Mar. Sci..

[228]  K. Tollefsen,et al.  Characterizing combined effects of antiestrogenic chemicals on vitellogenin production in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes , 2017, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[229]  O. Brakstad,et al.  Does Microbial Biodegradation of Water-Soluble Components of Oil Reduce the Toxicity to Early Life Stages of Fish? , 2018, Environmental science & technology.

[230]  K. Tollefsen,et al.  Effects of chronic dietary petroleum exposure on reproductive development in polar cod (Boreogadus saida). , 2016, Aquatic toxicology.

[231]  Urban Kjellén,et al.  Decision on oil and gas exploration in an Arctic area: Case study from the Norwegian Barents Sea , 2009 .

[232]  Ø. Karlsen,et al.  Crude oil exposures reveal roles for intracellular calcium cycling in haddock craniofacial and cardiac development , 2016, Scientific Reports.

[233]  G. Tarling,et al.  Effects of low crude oil chronic exposure on the northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica) , 2017 .

[234]  G. Klobučar,et al.  Repeated Sampling of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) for Monitoring of Nondestructive Parameters During Exposure to a Synthetic Produced Water , 2011, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[235]  Malcolm J Reid,et al.  Combining a Deconvolution and a Universal Library Search Algorithm for the Nontarget Analysis of Data-Independent Acquisition Mode Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Results. , 2018, Environmental science & technology.

[236]  Malcolm B. Jones,et al.  Functional immune response in Pecten maximus: combined effects of a pathogen-associated molecular pattern and PAH exposure. , 2010, Fish & shellfish immunology.

[237]  S. Brooks,et al.  Integrated biomarker assessment of the effects exerted by treated produced water from an onshore natural gas processing plant in the North Sea on the mussel Mytilus edulis. , 2011, Marine pollution bulletin.

[238]  Kenneth Lee,et al.  Offshore oil and gas environmental effects monitoring , 2005 .

[239]  W. Cranor,et al.  Development of the permeability/performance reference compound approach for in situ calibration of semipermeable membrane devices. , 2002, Environmental science & technology.

[240]  M. Grung,et al.  Water Column Monitoring 2008 , 2008 .

[241]  R. Stagg.  North sea task force biological effects monitoring programme , 1991 .

[242]  R. Hill,et al.  Developmental estrogenic exposure in zebrafish (Danio rerio): II. Histological evaluation of gametogenesis and organ toxicity. , 2003, Aquatic toxicology.

[243]  Carey E. Donald,et al.  Accumulation and toxicity of monoaromatic petroleum hydrocarbons in early life stages of cod and haddock. , 2019, Environmental pollution.

[244]  T. Collier,et al.  Fish embryos are damaged by dissolved PAHs, not oil particles. , 2008, Aquatic toxicology.

[245]  K. Tollefsen,et al.  Produced water extracts from North Sea oil production platforms result in cellular oxidative stress in a rainbow trout in vitro bioassay. , 2010, Marine pollution bulletin.

[246]  T. Baussant,et al.  Enzymatic and cellular responses in relation to body burden of PAHs in bivalve molluscs: a case study with chronic levels of North Sea and Barents Sea dispersed oil. , 2009, Marine pollution bulletin.

[247]  Anders Goksøyr,et al.  Mass spectrometric analyses of microsomal cytochrome P450 isozymes isolated from β-naphthoflavone-treated Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) liver reveal insights into the cod CYPome. , 2012, Aquatic toxicology.

[248]  K. Hylland,et al.  Radionuclides in produced water from Norwegian oil and gas installations — Concentrations and bioavailability , 2006 .

[249]  J. Beyer,et al.  The application of HPLC-F and GC-MS to the analysis of selected hydroxy polycyclic hydrocarbons in two certified fish bile reference materials. , 2003, Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM.

[250]  K. Tollefsen,et al.  Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors in effluents from oil production platforms in the North Sea. , 2012, Aquatic toxicology.

[251]  G. H. Olsen,et al.  Embryo aberrations in sea ice amphipod Gammarus wilkitzkii exposed to water soluble fraction of oil. , 2008, Marine environmental research.

[252]  Andrew Worth,et al.  Applying Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) to support Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment (IATA). , 2014, Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP.

[253]  J. Tietge,et al.  Major ion toxicity of six produced waters to three freshwater species: Application of ion toxicity models and tie procedures , 1997 .

[254]  T. Baussant,et al.  PAH metabolites in bile, cytochrome P4501A and DNA adducts as environmental risk parameters for chronic oil exposure: a laboratory experiment with Atlantic cod. , 2000, Aquatic toxicology.

[255]  Kenneth Lee,et al.  Effects of chronic exposure to the aqueous fraction of produced water on growth, detoxification and immune factors of Atlantic cod. , 2012, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.

[256]  K. Thomas,et al.  Combining a deconvolution and a universal library search algorithm for the non-target analysis of data independent LC-HRMS spectra , 2018 .

[257]  Ingunn Nilssen,et al.  Managing the Environmental Effects of the Norwegian Oil and Gas Industry: From Conflict to Consensus , 1999 .

[258]  Charles W. Martin,et al.  Avoidance of oil contaminated sediments by estuarine fishes , 2017 .

[259]  Odd Gunnar Brakstad,et al.  Responses of Microbial Communities in Arctic Sea Ice After Contamination by Crude Petroleum Oil , 2008, Microbial Ecology.

[260]  Peter M Chapman,et al.  Well past time to stop using NOELs and LOELs , 2011, Integrated environmental assessment and management.

[261]  K. Tollefsen,et al.  Primary hepatocytes from Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) as a relevant Arctic in vitro model for screening contaminants and environmental extracts. , 2017, Aquatic toxicology.

[262]  R. Nourizadeh-Lillabadi,et al.  Differential gene expression and biomarkers in zebrafish (Danio rerio) following exposure to produced water components. , 2008, Aquatic toxicology.

[263]  L. Camus,et al.  EROD activity in liver and gills of polar cod (Boreogadus saida) exposed to waterborne and dietary crude oil. , 2010, Marine environmental research.

[264]  J. Agard,et al.  Application of toxicity identification evaluation procedures for characterizing produced water using the tropical mysid, Metamysidopsis insularis , 2004, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[265]  E. Ravagnan,et al.  Physiological responses and lipid storage of the coral Lophelia pertusa at varying food density , 2017, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[266]  B. E. Grøsvik,et al.  Integrative Environmental Genomics of Cod (Gadus morhua): The Proteomics Approach , 2011, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[267]  C. Laetz,et al.  Deepwater Horizon crude oil impacts the developing hearts of large predatory pelagic fish , 2014, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[268]  J. Beyer,et al.  Characterization of alkylphenol metabolites in fish bile by enzymatic treatment and HPLC-fluorescence analysis. , 2008, Chemosphere.

[269]  A. Booth,et al.  Establishing a link between composition and toxicity of offshore produced waters using comprehensive analysis techniques - A way forward for discharge monitoring? , 2019, The Science of the total environment.

[270]  M. Vijayan,et al.  Toxicokinetics and Effects of PCBs in Arctic Fish: A Review of Studies on Arctic Charr , 2006, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[271]  K. Tollefsen,et al.  Mortality and transcriptional effects of inorganic mercury in the marine copepod Calanus finmarchicus , 2017, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[272]  Bing Chen,et al.  Photocatalytic Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Offshore Produced Water: Effects of Water Matrix , 2016 .

[273]  Mathijs G D Smit,et al.  Achievements of risk‐based produced water management on the Norwegian continental shelf (2002–2008) , 2011, Integrated environmental assessment and management.

[274]  C. McAuliffe,et al.  Environmental Aspects of Produced Waters From Oil and Gas Extraction Operations in Offshore And Coastal Waters , 1977 .

[275]  J. Klungsøyr,et al.  PAH and biomarker measurements in fish from condition monitoring in Norwegian waters in 2005 and 2008 , 2010 .

[276]  M. Dunbar.  Stability and Fragility in Arctic Ecosystems , 1973 .

[277]  S. Boitsov,et al.  Identification of estrogen-like alkylphenols in produced water from offshore oil installations. , 2007, Marine environmental research.

[278]  P. Olsvik,et al.  Low impact of exposure to environmentally relevant doses of 226Ra in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) embryonic cells. , 2012, Journal of environmental radioactivity.

[279]  L. Hellgren,et al.  Chronic exposure of adults and embryos of Pandalus borealis to oil causes PAH accumulation, initiation of biomarker responses and an increase in larval mortality. , 2010, Marine pollution bulletin.

[280]  J. Fosså,et al.  Community structure and ecological function of deep-water sponge grounds in the Traenadypet MPA—Northern Norwegian continental shelf , 2013 .

[281]  E. Hill,et al.  Tissue distribution and depuration of 4-tert-octylphenol residues in the cyprinid fish, Scardinius erythrophthalmus. , 2002, Environmental science & technology.

[282]  Ståle Johnsen,et al.  The Environmental Impact Factor - a proposed tool for produced water impact reduction, management and regulation , 2000 .

[283]  J. Fosså,et al.  Metabolic responses of the deep-water sponge Geodia barretti to suspended bottom sediment, simulated mine tailings and drill cuttings , 2015 .

[284]  Jonny Beyer,et al.  Fish bioaccumulation and biomarkers in environmental risk assessment: a review. , 2003, Environmental toxicology and pharmacology.

[285]  E. Ravagnan,et al.  Effects of chronic crude oil exposure on early developmental stages of the Northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica) , 2017, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[286]  S. Sanni,et al.  I: Biomarker quantification in fish exposed to crude oil as input to species sensitivity distributions and threshold values for environmental monitoring. , 2017, Marine environmental research.

[287]  K. Tollefsen,et al.  Cytotoxicity of alkylphenols and alkylated non-phenolics in a primary culture of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes. , 2008, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.

[288]  J. Neff,et al.  Estimation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in the water column based on tissue residues in mussels and salmon: An equilibrium partitioning approach , 1996 .

[289]  A. Melbye,et al.  Oil droplet interaction with suspended sediment in the seawater column: influence of physical parameters and chemical dispersants. , 2014, Marine pollution bulletin.

[290]  H. Hop,et al.  Biomarker responses in polar cod (Boreogadus saida) exposed to the water soluble fraction of crude oil. , 2010, Aquatic toxicology.

[291]  P. J. Brandvik,et al.  Distribution of water soluble components from Arctic marine oil spills — A combined laboratory and field study , 2008 .

[292]  N. Scholz,et al.  Novel adverse outcome pathways revealed by chemical genetics in a developing marine fish , 2017, eLife.

[293]  T. Jager,et al.  Stage‐dependent and sex‐dependent sensitivity to water‐soluble fractions of fresh and weathered oil in the marine copepod Calanus finmarchicus , 2016, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[294]  R. R. Stephenson,et al.  Environmental effect of produced water from North Sea oil operations , 1987 .

[295]  Christopher Harman,et al.  Measurement of naphthenic acids in the receiving waters around an offshore oil platform by passive sampling. , 2014, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[296]  T. Jorgensen,et al.  Spatio-temporal variations in gillnet catch rates in the vicinity of North Sea oil platforms , 2002 .

[297]  N. Scholz,et al.  The influence of heart developmental anatomy on cardiotoxicity-based adverse outcome pathways in fish. , 2016, Aquatic toxicology.

[298]  Amy M. P. Oen,et al.  The role of passive sampling in monitoring the environmental impacts of produced water discharges from the Norwegian oil and gas industry. , 2016, Marine pollution bulletin.

[299]  P. W. Page,et al.  Use of the DREAM Model for Control and Prediction of Concentrations and Environmental Risks Associated with Regular Discharges to Sea: Experiences and Challenges , 2014 .

[300]  S. Johnsen,et al.  Toxicity Testing and Chemical Characterization of Produced Water — A Preliminary Study , 1992 .

[301]  S. Meier,et al.  Application of gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry to determine a wide range of petrogenic alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biotic samples. , 2016, Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM.

[302]  J. Brown,et al.  Toxicity identification evaluations of produced‐water effluents , 1997 .

[303]  J. Word,et al.  The acute toxicity of chemically and physically dispersed crude oil to key arctic species under arctic conditions during the open water season , 2013, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[304]  O. Brakstad,et al.  Endocrine and AhR-CYP1A Pathway Responses to the Water-Soluble Fraction of Oil in Zebrafish (Danio rerio Hamilton) , 2014, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[305]  T. R. Utvik,et al.  Bioavailability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the North Sea , 1999 .

[306]  K. Hawboldt,et al.  Offshore produced water management: A review of current practice and challenges in harsh/Arctic environments. , 2016, Marine pollution bulletin.

[307]  K. Thomas,et al.  Relationship Between Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Accumulation in Semipermeable Membrane Devices and PAH Bile Metabolite Levels in Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) , 2009, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[308]  C. C. Karman,et al.  Dynamic assessment of the ecological risk of the discharge of produced water from oil and gas producing platforms , 1998 .

[309]  J. Baak,et al.  From SELDI-TOF MS to protein identification by on-chip elution. , 2011, Journal of proteomics.

[310]  W. Landis,et al.  Don't be fooled—A no‐observed‐effect concentration is no substitute for a poor concentration–response experiment , 2016, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[311]  Jørgen Skancke,et al.  North sea produced water PAH exposure and uptake in early life stages of Atlantic Cod. , 2020, Marine environmental research.

[312]  B. H. Hansen,et al.  Effects of dispersed oil on reproduction in the cold water copepod Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus) , 2013, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[313]  J. S. Christiansen,et al.  Sub-lethal levels of waterborne petroleum may depress routine metabolism in polar cod Boreogadus saida (Lepechin, 1774) , 2010, Polar Biology.

[314]  Effects of naphthalene on gene transcription in Calanus finmarchicus (Crustacea: Copepoda). , 2008, Aquatic toxicology.

[315]  J. Neff,et al.  Oil well produced water discharges to the North Sea. Part I: comparison of deployed mussels (Mytilus edulis), semi-permeable membrane devices, and the DREAM model predictions to estimate the dispersion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. , 2006, Marine environmental research.

[316]  Foppe Smedes,et al.  Spiking of performance reference compounds in low density polyethylene and silicone passive water samplers. , 2002, Chemosphere.

[317]  Bjørn Einar Grøsvik,et al.  Dispersants have limited effects on exposure rates of oil spills on fish eggs and larvae in shelf seas. , 2015, Environmental science & technology.

[318]  O. Brakstad,et al.  Biodegradation of n-alkanes on oil–seawater interfaces at different temperatures and microbial communities associated with the degradation , 2018, Biodegradation.

[319]  J. Stegeman,et al.  Response of cod (Gadus morhua) larvae and juveniles to oil exposure detected with anti-cod cytochrome P-450c IgG and anti-scup cytochrome P-450E MAb 1-12-3 , 1988 .

[320]  Emma L. Schymanski,et al.  Exploring the Potential of a Global Emerging Contaminant Early Warning Network through the Use of Retrospective Suspect Screening with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. , 2018, Environmental science & technology.

[321]  P. Harris,et al.  Induction of DNA strand breaks in the mussel (Mytilus trossulus) and clam (Protothaca staminea) following chronic field exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the Exxon Valdez spill. , 2007, Marine pollution bulletin.

[322]  Subhash R. Lele,et al.  On using expert opinion in ecological analyses: a frequentist approach , 2006 .

[323]  A. Fakhru’l-Razi,et al.  Review of technologies for oil and gas produced water treatment. , 2009, Journal of hazardous materials.

[324]  N. Stenseth,et al.  Environmental toxicology: population modeling of cod larvae shows high sensitivity to loss of zooplankton prey. , 2011, Marine pollution bulletin.

[325]  D. Howell,et al.  Assessing impacts of simulated oil spills on the Northeast Arctic cod fishery. , 2018, Marine pollution bulletin.

[326]  松岡 左姫子.  Continuous-Flow Systemにおける試料間の汚染とその補正法 , 1965 .

[327]  T. Nielsen,et al.  Increased tolerance to oil exposure by the cosmopolitan marine copepod Acartia tonsa. , 2017, The Science of the total environment.

[328]  T. Tanaka,et al.  Protective effect of antioxidants against para-nonylphenol-induced inhibition of cell growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. , 2000, FEMS microbiology letters.

[329]  R. Gupta,et al.  32P-postlabeling analysis of non-radioactive aromatic carcinogen--DNA adducts. , 1982, Carcinogenesis.

[330]  I. Katsiadaki,et al.  In vivo endocrine effects of naphthenic acids in fish. , 2013, Chemosphere.

[331]  B. Jenssen,et al.  Biotransformation of petroleum hydrocarbons and microbial communities in seawater with oil dispersions and copepod feces. , 2015, Marine pollution bulletin.

[332]  A. Koelmans,et al.  Bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and hexachlorobenzene by three Arctic benthic species from Kongsfjorden (Svalbard, Norway). , 2016, Marine pollution bulletin.

[333]  A. Tarrant,et al.  Maternal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) transfer and effects on offspring of copepods exposed to dispersed oil with and without oil droplets , 2017, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[334]  I. Cancio,et al.  Integrated coastal monitoring of a gas processing plant using native and caged mussels. , 2012, The Science of the total environment.

[335]  C. Karman,et al.  Ecotoxicological risk assessment related to chemicals and pollutants in off-shore oil production. , 2000, Toxicology letters.

[336]  A. Goksøyr,et al.  The cytochrome P-450 system in fish, aquatic toxicology and environmental monitoring , 1992 .

[337]  A. Svardal,et al.  Effects of alkylphenols on glycerophospholipids and cholesterol in liver and brain from female Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). , 2007, Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP.

[338]  B. O. Rosseland,et al.  Early stress responses in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of uranium. , 2012, Aquatic toxicology.

[339]  T. Baussant,et al.  Molecular responses in fish as risk parameters of long-term effects of produced water , 2000 .

[340]  M. E. Hahn,et al.  Catalytic and immunochemical characterization of hepatic microsomal cytochromes P450 in beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas). , 1994, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[341]  R. Dietz,et al.  Exposure and effects assessment of persistent organohalogen contaminants in arctic wildlife and fish. , 2010, The Science of the total environment.

[342]  P. Olsvik,et al.  Transcriptional Effects of Dietary Exposure of Oil-Contaminated Calanus finmarchicus in Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus) , 2011, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[343]  K. Tollefsen,et al.  Endocrine Modulation in Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua L.) Exposed to Alkylphenols, Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons, Produced Water, and Dispersed Oil , 2011, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[344]  A. Sikorski,et al.  Two new species of Laonice (Norgensia) (Spionidae, Polychaeta) from subtropical Atlantic and subequatorial Pacific coasts of North America. , 2018, Zootaxa.

[345]  M. M. Krahn,et al.  Relationships between hepatic neoplasms and related lesions and exposure to toxic chemicals in marine fish from the U.S. West Coast. , 1991, Environmental health perspectives.

[346]  T. Baussant,et al.  Detection of DNA damage in mussels and sea urchins exposed to crude oil using comet assay. , 2004, Marine environmental research.

[347]  H. Hop,et al.  Biomarker responses in polar cod (Boreogadus saida) exposed to dietary crude oil. , 2010, Aquatic toxicology.

[348]  J. Beyer,et al.  Biomarker responses in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) exposed to produced water from a North Sea oil field: laboratory and field assessments. , 2012, Marine pollution bulletin.

[349]  Liv-Guri Faksness,et al.  Composition of the water accommodated fractions as a function of exposure times and temperatures. , 2008, Marine pollution bulletin.

[350]  Acute and chronic toxicity of produced water from a North Sea oil production platform to the calanoid copepodAcartia tonsa , 1989, Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[351]  V. Ozhigin,et al.  The Barents Sea - ecosystem, resources, management. Half a century of Russian - Norwegian cooperation , 2011 .

[352]  P. Olsvik,et al.  Gene-expression profiling in gill and liver of zebrafish exposed to produced water , 2007 .

[353]  T. Collier,et al.  Environmental effects of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: A review. , 2016, Marine pollution bulletin.

[354]  A. Goksøyr,et al.  Cytochromes P-450 in fish larvae: Immunochemical detection of responses to oil pollution , 1987 .

[355]  Geir Ottersen,et al.  A review of early life history dynamics of Barents Sea cod (Gadus morhua) , 2014 .

[356]  K. Tollefsen,et al.  Effluents from oil production activities contain chemicals that interfere with normal function of intra- and extra-cellular estrogen binding proteins. , 2006, Marine environmental research.

[357]  B. H. Hansen,et al.  Developmental effects in fish embryos exposed to oil dispersions - The impact of crude oil micro-droplets. , 2019, Marine environmental research.

[358]  Toril I. Røe Utvik,et al.  Chemical characterisation of produced water from four offshore oil production platforms in the North Sea , 1999 .

[359]  J. Klungsøyr,et al.  May Organic Pollutants Affect Fish Populations in the North Sea? , 2006, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[360]  A. Melbye,et al.  Biomarkers in Natural Fish Populations Indicate Adverse Biological Effects of Offshore Oil Production , 2011, PloS one.

[361]  Zetian Fu,et al.  An automatic counting system for transparent pelagic fish eggs based on computer vision , 2015 .

[362]  A. Svardal,et al.  Effects of alkylphenols on CYP1A and CYP3A expression in first spawning Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). , 2004, Aquatic toxicology.

[363]  T. Lundälv,et al.  Embryogenesis and Larval Biology of the Cold-Water Coral Lophelia pertusa , 2014, PloS one.

[364]  K. Hylland,et al.  Environmentally realistic exposure to weathered North Sea oil: Sublethal effects in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) , 2017, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[365]  B. Larsen,et al.  An estrogen-responsive plasma protein expression signature in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) revealed by SELDI-TOF MS. , 2011, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.

[366]  T. Nielsen,et al.  Borealization of Arctic zooplankton—smaller and less fat zooplankton species in Disko Bay, Western Greenland , 2019, Limnology and Oceanography.

[367]  K. Tollefsen,et al.  Environmental risk assessment of combined effects in aquatic ecotoxicology: a discussion paper. , 2014, Marine environmental research.

[368]  R. Stagg,et al.  An inter-laboratory comparison of measurements of ethoxyresorufin O-de-ethylase activity in dab (Limanda limanda) liver , 1995 .

[369]  J. Beyer,et al.  An evaluation of two fluorescence screening methods for the determination of chrysene metabolites in fish bile. , 2004, Chemosphere.

[370]  C. Karman,et al.  Whole Effluent Toxicity Data and Discharge Volumes to Assess the Likelihood that Environmental Risks of Offshore Produced Water Discharges Are Adequately Controlled , 2019, Integrated environmental assessment and management.

[371]  B. Brunström,et al.  Monitoring contaminants from oil production at sea by measuring gill EROD activity in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). , 2008, Environmental pollution.

[372]  K. Hylland,et al.  Genotoxicity of environmentally relevant concentrations of water-soluble oil components in cod (Gadus morhua). , 2009, Environmental science & technology.

[373]  I. Marthinsen,et al.  Zero Discharge Philosophy: A Joint Project Between Norwegian Authorities And Industry , 2002 .

[374]  J. Dauvin,et al.  Polychaete/amphipod ratios: An approach to validating simple benthic indicators , 2016 .

[375]  M. Smit,et al.  Arctic versus temperate comparison of risk assessment metrics for 2-methyl-naphthalene. , 2011, Marine environmental research.

[376]  K. Tollefsen,et al.  Estrogen receptor (ER) agonists and androgen receptor (AR) antagonists in effluents from Norwegian North Sea oil production platforms. , 2007, Marine pollution bulletin.

[377]  M. Buffagni,et al.  Assessing and monitoring local and long-range-transported hydrocarbons as potential stressors to fish stocks , 2009 .

[378]  J. Sumpter,et al.  Demasculinisation of sexually mature male common carp, Cyprinus carpio, exposed to 4-tert-pentylphenol during spermatogenesis , 1998 .

[379]  K. Tollefsen,et al.  Monitoring the freely dissolved concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and alkylphenols (AP) around a Norwegian oil platform by holistic passive sampling. , 2009, Marine pollution bulletin.

[380]  S. Brooks,et al.  The Water Column Monitoring Programme 2013: Determining the biological effects of two offshore platforms on local fish populations , 2013 .

[381]  A. Koelmans,et al.  Bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by arctic and temperate benthic species , 2019, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[382]  W. Benson,et al.  Environmental estrogenic effects of alkylphenol ethoxylates. , 1996, Critical reviews in toxicology.

[383]  G. Gabrielsen,et al.  Bioaccumulation of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in selected species from the Barents Sea food web. , 2007, Environmental pollution.

[384]  K. Thomas,et al.  Identification of nonregulated pollutants in north sea‐produced water discharges , 2009, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[385]  A. Svardal,et al.  Low-dose exposure to alkylphenols adversely affects the sexual development of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua): acceleration of the onset of puberty and delayed seasonal gonad development in mature female cod. , 2011, Aquatic toxicology.

[386]  Dag Altin,et al.  Comparative study on acute effects of water accommodated fractions of an artificially weathered crude oil on Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus glacialis (Crustacea: Copepoda). , 2011, The Science of the total environment.

[387]  T. R. Utvik,et al.  Recent Knowledge About Produced Water Composition and the Contribution From Different Chemicals to Risk of Harmful Environmental Effects , 2002 .

[388]  S. Rice,et al.  Sensitivity of fish embryos to weathered crude oil: Part I. Low‐level exposure during incubation causes malformations, genetic damage, and mortality in larval pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) , 1999 .

[389]  T. Khangaonkar,et al.  FVCOM-plume - A three-dimensional Lagrangian outfall plume dilution and transport model for dynamic tidal environments: Model development. , 2019, Marine pollution bulletin.

[390]  J. Sturve,et al.  Effects of North Sea oil and alkylphenols on biomarker responses in juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). , 2006, Aquatic toxicology.

[391]  A. Booth,et al.  Partitioning of PAHs between Crude Oil Microdroplets, Water, and Copepod Biomass in Oil-in-Seawater Dispersions of Different Crude Oils. , 2018, Environmental science & technology.

[392]  J. Grizzle,et al.  Effects of nonylphenol on the gonadal differentiation of the hermaphroditic fish, Rivulus marmoratus. , 2002, Aquatic toxicology.

[393]  B. H. Hansen,et al.  Acute Toxicity of Eight Oil Spill Response Chemicals to Temperate, Boreal, and Arctic Species , 2014, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[394]  G. Cammarata,et al.  Ecotoxicological and human health risk in a petrochemical district of southern Italy. , 2008, Marine environmental research.

[395]  Henrik Jonsson,et al.  The Arctic is no longer put on ice: evaluation of Polar cod (Boreogadus saida) as a monitoring species of oil pollution in cold waters. , 2010, Marine pollution bulletin.

[396]  T. Collier,et al.  Defects in cardiac function precede morphological abnormalities in fish embryos exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. , 2004, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[397]  M. Smit,et al.  Comparison of produced water toxicity to Arctic and temperate species. , 2015, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.

[398]  P. Olsvik,et al.  Exposure of first-feeding cod larvae to dispersed crude oil results in similar transcriptional and metabolic responses as food deprivation , 2016, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[399]  J. Meador,et al.  Early life stages of an arctic keystone species (Boreogadus saida) show high sensitivity to a water-soluble fraction of crude oil. , 2016, Environmental pollution.

[400]  Jørgen Skancke,et al.  The use of PAH, metabolite and lipid profiling to assess exposure and effects of produced water discharges on pelagic copepods. , 2020, The Science of the total environment.

[401]  Siri Bakke,et al.  Partitioning of chemicals—important factors in exposure assessment of offshore discharges , 1998 .

[402]  S Jiménez,et al.  State of the art of produced water treatment. , 2018, Chemosphere.

[403]  Sebastiaan A.L.M. Kooijman,et al.  An alternative for NOEC exists, but the standard model has to be abandoned first , 1996 .

[404]  R. Jak,et al.  Comparison of whole effluent toxicity with substance based hazard of produced water discharged by Norwegian platforms , 2018 .

[405]  P. Olsvik,et al.  Benzo(a)pyrene reduces osteoclast and osteoblast activity in ex‐vivo scales of zebrafish (Danio rerio [Hamilton‐Buchanan, 1822]) and goldfish (Carassius auratus [Linnaeus, 1758]) , 2018 .

[406]  G. Øye,et al.  Influence of the Crude Oil and Water Compositions on the Quality of Synthetic Produced Water , 2017 .

[407]  A. Booth,et al.  Adhesion of mechanically and chemically dispersed crude oil droplets to eggs of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). , 2018, The Science of the total environment.

[408]  P. Olsvik,et al.  Is chemically dispersed oil more toxic to Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae than mechanically dispersed oil? A transcriptional evaluation , 2012, BMC Genomics.

[409]  P. Renaud,et al.  Polychaete/amphipod ratio as an indicator of environmental impact related to offshore oil and gas production along the Norwegian continental shelf. , 2011, Marine pollution bulletin.

[410]  J. Neff,et al.  Bioaccumulation in Marine Organisms: Effect of Contaminants from Oil Well Produced Water , 2002 .

[411]  M. Reed,et al.  The DREAM Model and the Environmental Impact Factor: Decision Support for Environmental Risk Management , 2011 .

[412]  J. Parry,et al.  The detection of DNA adducts, DNA base changes and chromosome damage for the assessment of exposure to genotoxic pollutants , 1992 .

[413]  K. Tollefsen,et al.  Chemical and toxicological characterization of an unresolved complex mixture‐rich biodegraded crude oil , 2009, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[414]  John P. Sumpter,et al.  Detergent components in sewage effluent are weakly oestrogenic to fish: An in vitro study using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes , 1993 .

[415]  D. Hinton,et al.  Sublethal effects of the (Exxon Valdez) oil spill on herring embryos and larvae: morphological, cytogenetic, and histopathological assessments, 19891991 , 1996 .

[416]  Brian Veitch,et al.  Arctic marine fish 'biotransformation toxicity' model for ecological risk assessment. , 2019, Marine pollution bulletin.

[417]  K. Tollefsen,et al.  Effect-directed identification of naphthenic acids as important in vitro xeno-estrogens and anti-androgens in North sea offshore produced water discharges. , 2009, Environmental science & technology.

[418]  Gisle Andersen,et al.  Harmful routines? Uncertainty in science and conflicting views on routine petroleum operations in Norway , 2014 .

[419]  Amy M. P. Oen,et al.  Monitoring wastewater discharge from the oil and gas industry using passive sampling and Danio rerio bioassay as complimentary tools. , 2019, Chemosphere.

[420]  S. Boitsov,et al.  Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of alkylphenols in cod (Gadus morhua) tissues as pentafluorobenzoate derivatives. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. A.

[421]  J. Widdows,et al.  Physiological responses of Mytilus edulis during chronic oil exposure and recovery , 1987 .

[422]  K. Tollefsen,et al.  Combined effects of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, biocides and organic contaminants on the growth of Skeletonema pseudocostatum. , 2014, Aquatic toxicology.

[423]  K. Thomas,et al.  A two stage algorithm for target and suspect analysis of produced water via gas chromatography coupled with high resolution time of flight mass spectrometry. , 2016, Journal of chromatography. A.

[424]  T. Baussant,et al.  Bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic compounds: 2. Modeling bioaccumulation in marine organisms chronically exposed to dispersed oil , 2001, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[425]  T. Størseth,et al.  Metabolic fingerprinting of arctic copepods Calanus finmarchicus, Calanus glacialis and Calanus hyperboreus , 2013, Polar Biology.

[426]  S. Leys,et al.  Phagocytosis of microbial symbionts balances the carbon and nitrogen budget for the deep‐water boreal sponge Geodia barretti , 2018 .

[427]  K. Thomas,et al.  Bio-analytical and chemical characterisation of offshore produced water effluents for estrogen receptor (ER) agonists. , 2004, Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM.

[428]  Marta S. Silva,et al.  Optimization and comparison of miniaturized extraction techniques for PAHs from crude oil exposed Atlantic cod and haddock eggs , 2016, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry.

[429]  A. Svardal,et al.  Effects of alkylphenols on the reproductive system of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). , 2007, Aquatic toxicology.

[430]  L. Camus,et al.  In Vivo Effects of Environmental Concentrations of Produced Water on the Reproductive Function of Polar Cod (Boreogadus saida) , 2014, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.