Malformación congénita de la vía aérea pulmonar

Congenital pulmonary airway malformation, previously known as congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, is a rare developmental anomaly of the terminal respiratory structures. Cysts can vary in size, distribution, and are most commonly unilateral. The diagnosis can be made prenatally using ultrasound scanning; the fetal lesions can be associated with hydrops fetalis, which is the major predictor of death. In newborns, it manifests as acute respiratory distress, in children and adults, manifestations include recurrent lung infections, with complications such as lung abscess, hemoptysis, pneumothorax and extrapulmonary anomalies. Surgical treatment is indicated in symptomatic patients to prevent infections and the potential neoplastic transformation, however prophylactic surgery versus expectant treatment remains controversial in asymptomatic patients. We present a 4 year old female patient with recurrent pulmonary infections whose thoracic x-ray and pulmonary computed axial tomography suggests cystic adenomatoid malformation, subsequently confirmed by pathological study