BeeGround - An Open-Source Simulation Platform for Large-Scale Swarm Robotics Applications

This paper presents an open-source simulation platform developed for implementation of both homogeneous and heterogeneous robotic swarm scenarios. BeeGround is a fully modular simulation software that allows for a variety of experimental setups with different robotic platforms and population sizes. Users are able to define environmental conditions, e.g. size, various properties like temperature and humidity, and obstacles arrangements. The swarm controller, the individual's behaviour, is defined with a separate programming script. In this paper, we simulated honeybees aggregation mechanism as a case study to investigate the feasibility of the developed simulation platform. The results demonstrated that the developed platform is a reliable simulation software for implementing multi-agent and swarm robotics scenarios with very large population sizes, e.g. 1000 robots.

[1]  Craig W. Reynolds Flocks, herds, and schools: a distributed behavioral model , 1987, SIGGRAPH.

[2]  Thomas Schmickl,et al.  Robots mediating interactions between animals for interspecies collective behaviors , 2019, Science Robotics.

[3]  Ali Emre Turgut,et al.  $\Phi$ Clust: Pheromone-Based Aggregation for Robotic Swarms , 2018, 2018 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS).

[4]  Eliseo Ferrante,et al.  ARGoS: a modular, parallel, multi-engine simulator for multi-robot systems , 2012, Swarm Intelligence.

[5]  Barry Lennox,et al.  Bio-inspired artificial pheromone system for swarm robotics applications , 2020, Adapt. Behav..

[6]  Surya P. N. Singh,et al.  V-REP: A versatile and scalable robot simulation framework , 2013, 2013 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems.

[7]  Shane Legg,et al.  Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning , 2015, Nature.

[8]  Thomas Schmickl,et al.  Interaction of robot swarms using the honeybee-inspired control algorithm BEECLUST , 2012 .

[9]  Serge Kernbach,et al.  Get in touch: cooperative decision making based on robot-to-robot collisions , 2009, Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems.

[10]  Andrew Howard,et al.  Design and use paradigms for Gazebo, an open-source multi-robot simulator , 2004, 2004 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37566).

[11]  Thomas Schmickl,et al.  Investigation of Cue-Based Aggregation Behaviour in Complex Environments , 2020, CollaborateCom.

[12]  V. Isaeva Self-organization in biological systems , 2012, Biology Bulletin.

[13]  Shuuji Kajita,et al.  OpenHRP: Open Architecture Humanoid Robotics Platform , 2004, Int. J. Robotics Res..

[14]  Barry Lennox,et al.  A Bio-inspired Aggregation with Robot Swarm Using Real and Simulated Mobile Robots , 2018, TAROS.

[15]  Thomas Schmickl,et al.  Swarm Intelligence and cyber-physical systems: Concepts, challenges and future trends , 2021, Swarm Evol. Comput..

[16]  Stefano Carpin,et al.  USARSim: a robot simulator for research and education , 2007, Proceedings 2007 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[17]  Michael Day,et al.  Simulating Collaborative Robots in a Massive Multi-agent Game Environment (SCRIMMAGE) , 2018, DARS.

[18]  Richard Vaughan,et al.  Massively multi-robot simulation in stage , 2008, Swarm Intelligence.

[19]  Olivier Michel,et al.  Cyberbotics Ltd. Webots™: Professional Mobile Robot Simulation , 2004 .

[20]  Benjamin Bird,et al.  Mona: an Affordable Open-Source Mobile Robot for Education and Research , 2018, Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems.

[21]  Uri Wilensky,et al.  NetLogo: A simple environment for modeling complexity , 2014 .

[22]  Ali Emre Turgut,et al.  Investigation of cue-based aggregation in static and dynamic environments with a mobile robot swarm , 2016, Adapt. Behav..

[23]  Noemí Carranza-Herrezuelo,et al.  Kilombo: a Kilobot simulator to enable effective research in swarm robotics , 2015, ArXiv.

[24]  Hiroki Sayama,et al.  PyCX: a Python-based simulation code repository for complex systems education , 2013, Complex Adapt. Syst. Model..

[25]  Stefano Ermon,et al.  Generative Adversarial Imitation Learning , 2016, NIPS.

[26]  Ahmad Reza Cheraghi,et al.  Swarm-Sim: A 2D & 3D Simulation Core for Swarm Agents , 2020, 2020 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Robotic and Control Engineering (IRCE).