Guidelines on Bladder Cancer Muscle-invasive and Metastatic

[1]  A. Stenzl Bladder substitution. , 1999, Current opinion in urology.

[2]  A. Lembo,et al.  Low dose bacillus Calmette-Guerin for carcinoma in situ of the bladder: long-term results. , 2000, The Journal of urology.

[3]  C. Sternberg Gemcitabine in bladder cancer. , 2000, Seminars in oncology.

[4]  V. Serretta,et al.  TUR and adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy in T1G3 bladder tumors: recurrence, progression and survival in 137 selected patients followed up to 20 years. , 2004, European urology.

[5]  R. Cote,et al.  Prognostic markers in bladder cancer: a contemporary review of the literature. , 1998, The Journal of urology.

[6]  F. Freiha,et al.  A randomized trial of radical cystectomy versus radical cystectomy plus cisplatin, vinblastine and methotrexate chemotherapy for muscle invasive bladder cancer. , 1996, The Journal of urology.

[7]  J. Gabrilove,et al.  Effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on neutropenia and associated morbidity due to chemotherapy for transitional-cell carcinoma of the urothelium. , 1989, The New England journal of medicine.

[8]  T. Cheung,et al.  Comparison of dynamic helical CT and dynamic MR imaging in the evaluation of pelvic lymph nodes in cervical carcinoma. , 2000, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[9]  T. Kälble,et al.  Metabolic and functional consequences of urinary reconstruction with bowel , 2003, BJU international.

[10]  W. Whitmore,et al.  Randomized trial of cystectomy with or without preoperative radiotherapy for carcinoma of the bilharzial bladder. , 1985, The Journal of urology.

[11]  M. Resnick,et al.  Limitations of computerized tomography in staging invasive bladder cancer before radical cystectomy. , 2000, The Journal of urology.

[12]  S. Johansson,et al.  A prospective randomized study of preoperative irradiation with cystectomy or cystectomy alone for invasive bladder carcinoma. , 1983, European urology.

[13]  N. Geller,et al.  Prognostic factors for survival of patients with advanced urothelial tumors treated with methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin chemotherapy , 1991, Cancer.

[14]  A. Yagoda Chemotherapy of Metastatic Bladder Cancer , 1980, Cancer.

[15]  U. Nagele,et al.  The rationale for radical cystectomy as primary therapy for T4 bladder cancer , 2007, World Journal of Urology.

[16]  U. Studer,et al.  Extracapsular extension of pelvic lymph node metastases from urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is an independent prognostic factor. , 2005, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[17]  A. Zietman,et al.  Selective bladder preservation by combined modality protocol treatment: long-term outcomes of 190 patients with invasive bladder cancer. , 2002, Urology.

[18]  H. Ozen,et al.  The effect of repeat transurethral resection on recurrence and progression rates in patients with T1 tumors of the bladder who received intravesical mitomycin: a prospective, randomized clinical trial. , 2006, The Journal of urology.

[19]  A. Papatsoris,et al.  Urinary diversion in high-risk elderly patients: modified cutaneous ureterostomy or ileal conduit? , 2005, Urology.

[20]  C. Dinney,et al.  Significance of downstaging in muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with preoperative radiotherapy. , 1997, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[21]  O. Yoshida,et al.  Quality of Life Survey of Urinary Diversion Patients: Comparison of Continent Urinary Diversion Versus Ileal Conduit , 1997, International journal of urology.

[22]  V. Gebbia,et al.  Single agent 2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine in the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma: a phase II study. , 1999, La Clinica terapeutica.

[23]  Å. Månsson,et al.  The quality of life in men after radical cystectomy with a continent cutaneous diversion or orthotopic bladder substitution: is there a difference? , 2002, BJU international.

[24]  J. Smith Ten years' experience with submucosally embedded in situ appendix in continent cutaneous diversion. , 2003, The Journal of urology.

[25]  K. Steven,et al.  Radical cystectomy: extending the limits of pelvic lymph node dissection improves survival for patients with bladder cancer confined to the bladder wall. , 1998, The Journal of urology.

[26]  S. Culine,et al.  Phase III trial of vinflunine plus best supportive care compared with best supportive care alone after a platinum-containing regimen in patients with advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract. , 2009, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[27]  P. Albers,et al.  Adjuvant cisplatin plus methotrexate versus methotrexate, vinblastine, epirubicin, and cisplatin in locally advanced bladder cancer: results of a randomized, multicenter, phase III trial (AUO-AB 05/95). , 2005, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[28]  M. R. W. Engelbrecht,et al.  MR imaging of the male pelvis , 1999, European Radiology.

[29]  R. Sylvester,et al.  Randomized phase II/III trial assessing gemcitabine/ carboplatin and methotrexate/carboplatin/vinblastine in patients with advanced urothelial cancer "unfit" for cisplatin-based chemotherapy: phase II--results of EORTC study 30986. , 2009, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[30]  C. Sternberg,et al.  Can patient selection for bladder preservation be based on response to chemotherapy? , 2003, Cancer.

[31]  H. Tsujii,et al.  THE PLACE OF RADIATION THERAPY AS DEFINITIVE TREATMENT OF BLADDER CANCER , 1995, International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association.

[32]  P. Bassi,et al.  Results of contemporary radical cystectomy for invasive bladder cancer: a clinicopathological study with an emphasis on the inadequacy of the tumor, nodes and metastases classification. , 1991, The Journal of urology.

[33]  J. Thüroff,et al.  Lymphadenectomy in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder; significance for staging and prognosis , 2000, BJU international.

[34]  H. Thomsen,et al.  Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: history and epidemiology. , 2009, Radiologic clinics of North America.

[35]  S. Groshen,et al.  The management of urethral transitional cell carcinoma after radical cystectomy for invasive bladder cancer. , 2004, The Journal of urology.

[36]  M. Igawa,et al.  Usefulness and limitations of methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin for the treatment of advanced urothelial cancer. , 1990, The Journal of urology.

[37]  G. Dalbagni,et al.  Value of urethral wash cytology in the retained male urethra after radical cystoprostatectomy. , 2003, The Journal of urology.

[38]  S Majewski,et al.  Dose fractionation and tumour repopulation in radiotherapy for bladder cancer. , 1991, Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.

[39]  E. Wallen,et al.  Gum chewing stimulates bowel motility in patients undergoing radical cystectomy with urinary diversion. , 2007, Urology.

[40]  M. Benson,et al.  Muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. , 2007, Urology.

[41]  M. Ghoneim,et al.  Lymph node involvement in patients with bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy: a patho-anatomical study--a single center experience. , 2004, The Journal of urology.

[42]  Antonio Alcaraz,et al.  Multivariate analysis of clinical parameters of synchronous primary superficial bladder cancer and upper urinary tract tumor. , 2005, The Journal of urology.

[43]  N Karssemeijer,et al.  Staging urinary bladder cancer after transurethral biopsy: value of fast dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging. , 1996, Radiology.

[44]  H. G. van der Poel,et al.  Urinary diversions after cystectomy: the association of clinical factors, complications and functional results of four different diversions. , 2008, European urology.

[45]  M. Ghoneim,et al.  Radical cystectomy for carcinoma of the bladder: 2,720 consecutive cases 5 years later. , 2008, The Journal of urology.

[46]  M. Droller Neoadjuvant cisplatin,methotrexate,and vinblastine chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a randomised controlled trial , 1999, The Lancet.

[47]  C. Sternberg,et al.  Chemotherapy with an every‐2‐week regimen of gemcitabine and paclitaxel in patients with transitional cell carcinoma who have received prior cisplatin‐based therapy , 2001, Cancer.

[48]  G. Bartsch,et al.  Original Articles: Bladder Cancer: The Risk of Urethral Tumors in Female Bladder Cancer: Can the Urethra be Used for Orthotopic Reconstruction of the Lower Urinary Tract? , 1995 .

[49]  J. Ware SF-36 health survey: Manual and interpretation guide , 2003 .

[50]  G. Bartsch,et al.  Update of urethra-sparing approaches in cystectomy in women , 1997, World Journal of Urology.

[51]  M. Peyromaure,et al.  The value of a second transurethral resection in evaluating patients with bladder tumours. , 2003, European urology.

[52]  J. Baselga,et al.  A feasibility study of carboplatin with fixed dose of gemcitabine in "unfit" patients with advanced bladder cancer. , 2001, European journal of cancer.

[53]  A. Ribas,et al.  Carboplatin‐based versus cisplatin‐based chemotherapy in the treatment of surgically incurable advanced bladder carcinoma , 1997, Cancer.

[54]  T. Martini,et al.  Comparison of complications in three incontinent urinary diversions. , 2008, European urology.

[55]  W. Duncan,et al.  The results of a series of 963 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder primarily treated by radical megavoltage X-ray therapy. , 1986, Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.

[56]  C. Sternberg Perioperative chemotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer to enhance survival and/or as a strategy for bladder preservation. , 2007, Seminars in oncology.

[57]  J. Witjes,et al.  Primary staging of urinary bladder carcinoma: the role of MRI and a comparison with CT , 2004, European Radiology.

[58]  S. Ricci,et al.  Long-Term Survival Results of a Randomized Trial Comparing Gemcitabine Plus Cisplatin, With Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin, Plus Cisplatin in Patients With Bladder Cancer , 2005 .

[59]  C. Stief,et al.  Predicting individual outcomes after radical cystectomy: an external validation of current nomograms , 2010, BJU international.

[60]  J. Wright,et al.  The association between extent of lymphadenectomy and survival among patients with lymph node metastases undergoing radical cystectomy , 2008, Cancer.

[61]  H. von der Maase,et al.  Radical radiotherapy for urinary bladder cancer: treatment outcomes , 2006, Expert review of anticancer therapy.

[62]  U. Studer,et al.  Contemporary cystectomy and urinary diversion , 2002, World Journal of Urology.

[63]  U. Nagele,et al.  Cystectomy in women , 2008, BJU international.

[64]  V. Reuter,et al.  Neoadjuvant M-VAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin) effect on the primary bladder lesion. , 1988, The Journal of urology.

[65]  J. Brismar,et al.  Bone Scintigraphy in Staging of Bladder Carcinoma , 1988, Acta radiologica.

[66]  J. Baselga,et al.  Phase I-II study of paclitaxel, cisplatin, and gemcitabine in advanced transitional-cell carcinoma of the urothelium. Spanish Oncology Genitourinary Group. , 2000, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[67]  S. Groshen,et al.  Radical cystectomy in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer: long-term results in 1,054 patients. , 2001, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[68]  J. Gutheil,et al.  Phase II trial of weekly paclitaxel in patients with previously treated advanced urothelial cancer. , 2002, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[69]  G. Raj,et al.  Formulas calculating creatinine clearance are inadequate for determining eligibility for Cisplatin-based chemotherapy in bladder cancer. , 2006, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[70]  Y. Osman,et al.  Bladder cancer with obstructive uremia: oncologic outcome after definitive surgical management. , 2005, Urology.

[71]  S. Fosså,et al.  Clinical significance of routine pre-cystectomy bone scans in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. , 1996, British journal of urology.

[72]  E. Barret,et al.  Robot-assisted laparoscopic cystoprostatectomy with extended pelvic lymphadenectomy, extracorporeal enterocystoplasty, and intracorporeal enterourethral anastomosis: initial Montsouris experience. , 2010, Journal of endourology.

[73]  Laurence Collette,et al.  Variability in the recurrence rate at first follow-up cystoscopy after TUR in stage Ta T1 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a combined analysis of seven EORTC studies. , 2002, European urology.

[74]  T. Wilt,et al.  Surgery versus radiotherapy for muscle invasive bladder cancer? , 2001, Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain)).

[75]  Gerhard Jakse,et al.  A second-look TUR in T1 transitional cell carcinoma: why? , 2004, European urology.

[76]  Yair Lotan,et al.  Outcomes of radical cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a contemporary series from the Bladder Cancer Research Consortium. , 2006, The Journal of urology.

[77]  Herbert Stepp,et al.  Seven years' experience with 5-aminolevulinic acid in detection of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. , 2007, Urology.

[78]  Richard H. Cohan,et al.  CT urography: definition, indications and techniques. A guideline for clinical practice , 2007, European Radiology.

[79]  A. Sagalowsky,et al.  The diagnosis and treatment of urethral recurrence after radical cystectomy. , 2006, Urologic oncology.

[80]  B. I. Choi,et al.  Uterine cervical carcinoma: comparison of CT and MR findings. , 1990, Radiology.

[81]  Joon-ha Ok,et al.  Medical and surgical palliative care of patients with urological malignancies. , 2005, The Journal of urology.

[82]  H. Maase Gemcitabine in transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium , 2003 .

[83]  W. Whitmore,et al.  Radical cystectomy with or without prior irradiation in the treatment of bladder cancer. , 1977, Transactions of the American Association of Genito-Urinary Surgeons.

[84]  A. Vickers,et al.  Standardization of pelvic lymphadenectomy performed at radical cystectomy , 2006, Cancer.

[85]  W. Mcdougal The continent urinary diversion. , 1987, The Journal of urology.

[86]  Karin Haustermans,et al.  Radiotherapy for bladder cancer. , 2007, Urology.

[87]  I. Tannock,et al.  Retreatment of patients with the same chemotherapy: implications for clinical mechanisms of drug resistance. , 2001, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[88]  M. Milowsky,et al.  Radical cystectomy in octogenarians--does morbidity outweigh the potential survival benefits? , 2009, The Journal of urology.

[89]  M. Ghoneim,et al.  Functional results of orthotopic ileal neobladder with serous-lined extramural ureteral reimplantation: experience with 450 patients. , 2001, The Journal of urology.

[90]  D. Osoba,et al.  The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30: a quality-of-life instrument for use in international clinical trials in oncology. , 1993, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[91]  H. Moch,et al.  Patterns of Metastasis in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (pT2–4): An Autopsy Study on 367 Patients , 1999, Urologia Internationalis.

[92]  W. Whitmore,et al.  Bladder cancer in men and women treated by radiation therapy and/or radical cystectomy. , 1981, Urology.

[93]  N. Geller,et al.  Methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin for advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium. Efficacy and patterns of response and relapse , 1989, Cancer.

[94]  B. Gross,et al.  Upper abdominal lymph nodes: criteria for normal size determined with CT. , 1991, Radiology.

[95]  M. Stöckle,et al.  Adjuvant polychemotherapy of nonorgan-confined bladder cancer after radical cystectomy revisited: long-term results of a controlled prospective study and further clinical experience. , 1995, The Journal of urology.

[96]  J. Stein The role of lymphadenectomy in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer , 2007, Current oncology reports.

[97]  W. Stadler Gemcitabine doublets in advanced urothelial cancer. , 2002, Seminars in oncology.

[98]  J. Stein,et al.  Results with radical cystectomy for treating bladder cancer: a ‘reference standard’ for high‐grade, invasive bladder cancer , 2003, BJU international.

[99]  I. Bross,et al.  Five‐year follow‐up results of a collaborative study of therapies for carcinoma of the bladder , 1977, Journal of surgical oncology.

[100]  F. Algaba,et al.  Transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate. , 1985, European urology.

[101]  C. Sternberg,et al.  Gemcitabine, paclitaxel, pemetrexed and other newer agents in urothelial and kidney cancers. , 2003, Critical reviews in oncology/hematology.

[102]  J. Carles,et al.  Carboplatin-Gemcitabine Treatment of Patients with Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder and Impaired Renal Function , 2000, Oncology.

[103]  S. Pahernik,et al.  Long-term followup of the intussuscepted ileal nipple and the in situ, submucosally embedded appendix as continence mechanisms of continent urinary diversion with the cutaneous ileocecal pouch (Mainz pouch I). , 2006, The Journal of urology.

[104]  J. Paradelo,et al.  Treatment of advanced bladder cancer with combined preoperative irradiation and radical cystectomy versus radical cystectomy alone: a phase III intergroup study. , 1997, The Journal of urology.

[105]  D. Bajorin,et al.  Post-chemotherapy surgery in patients with unresectable or regionally metastatic bladder cancer. , 2001, The Journal of urology.

[106]  J. Damber,et al.  A Systematic Overview of Radiation Therapy Effects in Urinary Bladder Cancer , 2003, Acta oncologica.

[107]  S. Fosså,et al.  Clinical significance of the "palpable mass" in patients with muscle-infiltrating bladder cancer undergoing cystectomy after pre-operative radiotherapy. , 1991, British journal of urology.

[108]  B. I. Choi,et al.  Uterine cervical carcinoma: evaluation of pelvic lymph node metastasis with MR imaging. , 1994, Radiology.

[109]  G. Pond,et al.  Phase II study of bortezomib in advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer. A trial of the Princess Margaret Hospital [PMH] Phase II Consortium , 2005 .

[110]  F. Burkhard,et al.  Long-term outcome of ileal conduit diversion. , 2003, The Journal of urology.

[111]  F. Burkhard,et al.  Radical cystectomy for bladder cancer today--a homogeneous series without neoadjuvant therapy. , 2003, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[112]  D. Roychowdhury,et al.  Health-related quality-of-life parameters as independent prognostic factors in advanced or metastatic bladder cancer. , 2003, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[113]  H. Herr Routine CT scan in cystectomy patients: does it change management? , 1996, Urology.

[114]  J. Dunst,et al.  Combined-modality treatment and selective organ preservation in invasive bladder cancer: long-term results. , 2002, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[115]  M. Galsky,et al.  Phase II trial of pemetrexed as second-line therapy in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma , 2007, Investigational New Drugs.

[116]  U. Nagele,et al.  Radical cystectomy and orthotopic bladder replacement in females. , 2006, European urology.

[117]  J. Eastham Do high-volume hospitals and surgeons provide better care in urologic oncology? , 2009, Urologic oncology.

[118]  P. Carroll,et al.  Bladder tumor staging: comparison of contrast-enhanced CT, T1- and T2-weighted MR imaging, dynamic gadolinium-enhanced imaging, and late gadolinium-enhanced imaging. , 1994, Radiology.

[119]  E. Klein,et al.  Outcome after radical cystectomy with limited or extended pelvic lymph node dissection. , 2008, Journal of Urology.

[120]  J. Stein,et al.  Radical cystectomy for invasive bladder cancer: long-term results of a standard procedure , 2006, World Journal of Urology.

[121]  Sam S. Chang,et al.  Incidence and location of prostate and urothelial carcinoma in prostates from cystoprostatectomies: implications for possible apical sparing surgery. , 2004, The Journal of urology.

[122]  Dieter Jocham,et al.  Hexyl aminolevulinate fluorescence cystoscopy: new diagnostic tool for photodiagnosis of superficial bladder cancer--a multicenter study. , 2003, The Journal of urology.

[123]  Yair Lotan,et al.  Nomograms Provide Improved Accuracy for Predicting Survival after Radical Cystectomy , 2006, Clinical Cancer Research.

[124]  R. Hautmann,et al.  Long-term results of standard procedures in urology: the ileal neobladder , 2006, World Journal of Urology.

[125]  J. Dunst,et al.  Radiochemotherapy after transurethral resection for high-risk T1 bladder cancer: an alternative to intravesical therapy or early cystectomy? , 2006, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[126]  A. Brown Neoplasia after ureterosigmoidostomy. , 1968, British medical journal.

[127]  W. Huang,et al.  An interval longer than 12 weeks between the diagnosis of muscle invasion and cystectomy is associated with worse outcome in bladder carcinoma. , 2003, The Journal of urology.

[128]  J. Angulo,et al.  Primary cisplatin, methotrexate and vinblastine aiming at bladder preservation in invasive bladder cancer: multivariate analysis on prognostic factors. , 1996, The Journal of urology.

[129]  J. Stein,et al.  Upper tract urothelial recurrence following radical cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: an analysis of 1,069 patients with 10-year followup. , 2007, The Journal of urology.

[130]  B. Norlén,et al.  5-year followup of a randomized prospective study comparing mitomycin C and bacillus Calmette-Guerin in patients with superficial bladder carcinoma. Swedish-Norwegian Bladder Cancer Study Group. , 1999, The Journal of urology.

[131]  S. Culine,et al.  A phase II study of vinflunine in bladder cancer patients progressing after first-line platinum-containing regimen , 2006, British Journal of Cancer.

[132]  M. Mazumdar,et al.  Phase II trial of docetaxel in patients with advanced or metastatic transitional-cell carcinoma. , 1997, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[133]  D. Ackermann,et al.  Analysis of early failures after intravesical instillation therapy with bacille Calmette-Guérin for carcinoma in situ of the bladder. , 1995, British journal of urology.

[134]  P. Johnson,et al.  Phase II study of paclitaxel in pretreated patients with locally advanced/metastatic cancer of the bladder and ureter. , 1997, British Journal of Cancer.

[135]  P. Albers,et al.  Gemcitabine and cisplatin versus methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin in advanced or metastatic bladder cancer: results of a large, randomized, multinational, multicenter, phase III study. , 2000, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[136]  L. Mazzucchelli,et al.  Adjuvant cisplatin chemotherapy following cystectomy for bladder cancer: results of a prospective randomized trial. , 1994, The Journal of urology.

[137]  D. Margel,et al.  Long-term follow-up of patients with Stage T1 high-grade transitional cell carcinoma managed by Bacille Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy. , 2007, Urology.

[138]  N. Wiklund,et al.  Does extended lymphadenectomy preclude laparoscopic or robot-assisted radical cystectomy in advanced bladder cancer? , 2009, Current opinion in urology.

[139]  L. Collette,et al.  Seven year update of an EORTC phase III trial of high-dose intensity M-VAC chemotherapy and G-CSF versus classic M-VAC in advanced urothelial tract tumours. , 2006, European journal of cancer.

[140]  W. Whitmore,et al.  Preoperative irradiation and cystectomy for bladder cancer , 1982, Cancer.

[141]  J. Husband,et al.  Bladder cancer: staging with CT and MR imaging. , 1989, Radiology.

[142]  R. Wahlqvist,et al.  Nordic Prospective Trials of Radical Cystectomy and Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy , 1998, European Urology.

[143]  C. Dinney,et al.  Preoperative radiotherapy for muscle‐invasive bladder carcinoma. Long term follow‐up and prognostic factors for 338 patients , 1994, Cancer.

[144]  A. Redpath,et al.  Bladder cancer: the value of routine bone scintigraphy. , 1985, Clinical Radiology.

[145]  N. Oakley Long-term follow-up of a bladder carcinoma cohort: routine follow-up urography is not necessary , 1999 .

[146]  G. Fellin,et al.  Assessment of quality of life after cystectomy or conservative therapy for patients with infiltrating bladder carcinoma: A survey by a self‐administered questionnaire , 1996, Cancer.

[147]  Vikas Kundra,et al.  Imaging in oncology from the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center: diagnosis, staging, and surveillance of prostate cancer. , 2007, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[148]  C. Dinney,et al.  Local control of muscle-invasive bladder cancer: preoperative radiotherapy and cystectomy versus cystectomy alone. , 1995, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[149]  L. Truong,et al.  Prostatic involvement by transitional cell carcinoma in patients with bladder cancer and its prognostic significance. , 2006, Human pathology.

[150]  R. Millikan,et al.  Is there a role for surgery in the management of metastatic urothelial cancer? The M. D. Anderson experience. , 2004, The Journal of urology.

[151]  P. Vock,et al.  Is ileal orthotopic bladder substitution with an afferent tubular segment detrimental to the upper urinary tract in the long term? , 2002, The Journal of urology.

[152]  Michael Cookson,et al.  Health related quality of life assessment after radical cystectomy: comparison of ileal conduit with continent orthotopic neobladder. , 2002, The Journal of urology.

[153]  U. Studer,et al.  Radical cystectomy with an extended pelvic lymphadenectomy: rationale and results. , 2007, Surgical oncology clinics of North America.

[154]  S. Kropf,et al.  Extended radical lymphadenectomy in patients with urothelial bladder cancer: results of a prospective multicenter study. , 2004, The Journal of urology.

[155]  G. Luporini,et al.  A phase II study of gemcitabine in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract previously treated with platinum , 1998 .

[156]  R. Barnes,et al.  Survival following transurethral resection of bladder carcinoma. , 1977, Cancer research.

[157]  J. Thrasher,et al.  Does of stage pT0 cystectomy specimen confer a survival advantage in patients with minimally invasive bladder cancer? , 1994, The Journal of urology.

[158]  G. Bartsch,et al.  Incidence of urethral tumor involvement in 910 men with bladder cancer , 2004, World Journal of Urology.

[159]  A. Zietman,et al.  Organ-conserving approaches to muscle-invasive bladder cancer: future alternatives to radical cystectomy , 2000, Annals of medicine.

[160]  C. Chapple Feasibility of transurethral resection for muscle infiltrating carcinoma of the bladder: long‐term follow‐up of a prospective study , 1998 .

[161]  G. Muto,et al.  Seminal sparing cystectomy and ileocapsuloplasty: long-term followup results. , 2004, The Journal of urology.

[162]  H. Hricak,et al.  MR imaging of bladder neoplasms: Correlation with pathologic staging , 1990, Urologic radiology.

[163]  W. De Neve,et al.  Radiotherapy for T2 and T3 carcinoma of the bladder: the influence of overall treatment time. , 1995, Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.

[164]  M. Ghoneim,et al.  Lymphadenectomy with cystectomy: is it necessary and what is its extent? , 2004, European urology.

[165]  P. Russo,et al.  Orthotopic urinary diversion after cystectomy for bladder cancer: implications for cancer control and patterns of disease recurrence. , 2003, The Journal of urology.

[166]  A. Ceribelli,et al.  Weekly gemcitabine in advanced bladder cancer: a preliminary report from a phase I study. , 1994, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[167]  L. Balducci Evidence-based management of cancer in the elderly. , 2000, Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center.

[168]  R. Fisher,et al.  Analysis of failure following definitive radiotherapy for invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. , 1995, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[169]  S. Fosså,et al.  Results of Medical Research Council phase II study of low dose cisplatin and methotrexate in the primary treatment of locally advanced (T3 and T4) transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. , 1991, British journal of urology.

[170]  U. Studer,et al.  A new multimodality technique accurately maps the primary lymphatic landing sites of the bladder. , 2010, European urology.

[171]  K. Kurth,et al.  Quality-of-life assessment in bladder cancer , 1999, World Journal of Urology.

[172]  A. Norman,et al.  Normal pelvic lymph nodes: evaluation with CT after bipedal lymphangiography. , 1995, Radiology.

[173]  J. Portillo,et al.  Neoadjuvant cisplatin chemotherapy before radical cystectomy in invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a prospective randomized phase III study. , 1995, The Journal of urology.

[174]  A. Yagoda Chemotherapy of urothelial tract tumors , 1987, Cancer.

[175]  U. Egle,et al.  Quality of life in patients with bladder carcinoma after cystectomy: First results of a prospective study , 2000, Quality of Life Research.

[176]  J. Muscat,et al.  Planned preoperative radiation therapy in muscle invasive bladder cancer; results of a meta-analysis. , 1998, Anticancer research.

[177]  J. Montie Intravesical bacille calmette-guerin versus mitomycin C in superficial bladder cancer: formal meta-analysis of comparative studies on tumor progression. , 2005, The Journal of urology.

[178]  D. Lamm,et al.  Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin reduces the risk of progression in patients with superficial bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of the published results of randomized clinical trials. , 2002, The Journal of urology.

[179]  P. Carroll,et al.  Update on chemotherapy for advanced bladder cancer. , 2005, The Journal of urology.

[180]  P. Schellhammer,et al.  Long-term follow-up of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin treatment for superficial transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder involving the prostatic urethra. , 2007, Clinical genitourinary cancer.

[181]  V. Reuter,et al.  Risk assessment of prostatic pathology in patients undergoing radical cystoprostatectomy. , 2008, European urology.

[182]  J. Herman,et al.  Radical radiotherapy for muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: failure analysis. , 1989, The Journal of urology.

[183]  S. Boyd,et al.  Hydronephrosis as a prognostic indicator in bladder cancer patients. , 1998, The Journal of urology.

[184]  A. Pycha,et al.  Four years experience in bladder preserving management for muscle invasive bladder cancer. , 2005, European urology.

[185]  D. Bajorin The phase III candidate: can we improve the science of selection? , 2004, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[186]  J. Witjes,et al.  Pelvic adenopathy in prostatic and urinary bladder carcinoma: MR imaging with a three-dimensional TI-weighted magnetization-prepared-rapid gradient-echo sequence. , 1996, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[187]  J. Verweij,et al.  Docetaxel (Taxotere): an active agent in metastatic urothelial cancer; results of a phase II study in non-chemotherapy-pretreated patients. , 1998, British Journal of Cancer.

[188]  E. Wallen,et al.  Robotic-assisted laparoscopic intracorporeal urinary diversion , 2010 .

[189]  S. Groshen,et al.  Urethral recurrence in patients with orthotopic ileal neobladders. , 1996, The Journal of urology.

[190]  C. Logothetis,et al.  A prospective randomized trial comparing MVAC and CISCA chemotherapy for patients with metastatic urothelial tumors. , 1990, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[191]  U. Studer,et al.  Individualized seminal vesicle sparing cystoprostatectomy combined with ileal orthotopic bladder substitution achieves good functional results. , 2010, The Journal of urology.

[192]  E. Messing,et al.  Bladder tumor markers beyond cytology: International Consensus Panel on bladder tumor markers. , 2005, Urology.

[193]  D. Bajorin,et al.  Advanced bladder cancer: the need to identify new agents in the post-M-VAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin) world. , 1995, The Journal of urology.

[194]  J. Kossow Results of a clinical trial of surgery and radiation in stages II and III carcinoma of the bladder , 1973 .

[195]  J. Huguet,et al.  Management of urethral recurrence in patients with Studer ileal neobladder. , 2003, European urology.

[196]  S. Groshen,et al.  Urethral tumor recurrence following cystectomy and urinary diversion: clinical and pathological characteristics in 768 male patients. , 1999, The Journal of urology.

[197]  P. Sogani,et al.  Does early cystectomy improve the survival of patients with high risk superficial bladder tumors? , 2001, The Journal of urology.

[198]  H. Grossman,et al.  A stage specific approach to tumor surveillance after radical cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. , 1999, The Journal of urology.

[199]  P. Carroll,et al.  The impact of lymphadenectomy and lymph node metastasis on the outcomes of radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. , 2009, European urology.

[200]  S. Shariat,et al.  Stage specific lymph node metastasis mapping in radical cystectomy specimens. , 2004, The Journal of urology.

[201]  W. Mcdougal,et al.  Acid-base and electrolyte disorders after urinary diversion , 2004, World Journal of Urology.

[202]  G. Hortobagyi,et al.  Guidance on the use of bisphosphonates in solid tumours: recommendations of an international expert panel. , 2008, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[203]  D. Lamm,et al.  Maintenance bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy for recurrent TA, T1 and carcinoma in situ transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a randomized Southwest Oncology Group Study. , 2000, The Journal of urology.

[204]  N. Zeybek,et al.  Comparison of Ileal Conduit and Transureteroureterostomy with Ureterocutaneostomy Urinary Diversion , 2006, Urologia Internationalis.

[205]  M. Grimm,et al.  Effect of routine repeat transurethral resection for superficial bladder cancer: a long-term observational study. , 2003, The Journal of urology.

[206]  A. Denewer,et al.  Laparoscopic Assisted Cystectomy and Lymphadenectomy for Bladder Cancer: Initial Experience , 1999, World Journal of Surgery.

[207]  E. Wallen,et al.  Fast track program in patients undergoing radical cystectomy: results in 362 consecutive patients. , 2010, Journal of the American College of Surgeons.

[208]  Cary Siegel,et al.  Prospective study of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for staging of muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma. , 2009, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[209]  D. Kroepfl,et al.  Radical cystectomy in patients aged ≥ 75 years: an updated review of patients treated with curative and palliative intent , 2005, BJU international.

[210]  H. Herr Transurethral resection of muscle-invasive bladder cancer: 10-year outcome. , 2001, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[211]  A. Ribas,et al.  Carboplatin, methotrexate, and vinblastine in patients with bladder cancer who were ineligible for cisplatin‐based chemotherapy , 1992, Cancer.

[212]  U. Nagele,et al.  Cystectomy – Technical Considerations in Male and Female Patients , 2005 .

[213]  R. Millikan,et al.  Is there a therapeutic role for post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder? , 2003, The Journal of urology.

[214]  R. Autorino,et al.  Clinicopathologic features of prostate adenocarcinoma incidentally discovered at the time of radical cystectomy: an evidence-based analysis. , 2007, European urology.

[215]  H. Habermann,et al.  Is repeated transurethral resection justified in patients with newly diagnosed superficial bladder cancer? , 2002, Urology.

[216]  S. Groshen,et al.  Adjuvant chemotherapy following cystectomy benefits patients with deeply invasive bladder cancer. , 1990, Seminars in urology.

[217]  C. Obasaju,et al.  Phase II study of pemetrexed for second-line treatment of transitional cell cancer of the urothelium. , 2006, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[218]  Jörg Schmidbauer,et al.  Improved detection of urothelial carcinoma in situ with hexaminolevulinate fluorescence cystoscopy. , 2004, The Journal of urology.

[219]  P. Sèbe,et al.  Prostatic capsule- and seminal-sparing cystectomy for bladder carcinoma: initial results for selected patients. , 2004, BJU international.

[220]  J. Debatin,et al.  Whole-body MR imaging: evaluation of patients for metastases. , 2004, Radiology.

[221]  H. Seo,et al.  Methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin combination regimen as salvage chemotherapy for patients with advanced or metastatic transitional cell carcinoma after failure of gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy , 2007, British Journal of Cancer.

[222]  R. Hautmann The oncologic results of laparoscopic radical cystectomy are not (yet) equivalent to open cystectomy , 2009, Current opinion in urology.

[223]  B. Guillonneau,et al.  Cystectomy with prostate sparing for bladder cancer in 100 patients: 10-year experience. , 2002, The Journal of urology.

[224]  F. Burkhard,et al.  Treatment of urethral recurrence following radical cystectomy and ileal bladder substitution. , 2004, The Journal of urology.

[225]  M. Mazumdar,et al.  Long-term survival in metastatic transitional-cell carcinoma and prognostic factors predicting outcome of therapy. , 1999, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[226]  Y. Lotan,et al.  Association of angiogenesis related markers with bladder cancer outcomes and other molecular markers. , 2010, The Journal of urology.

[227]  H. Scher,et al.  Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and bladder-sparing surgery for invasive bladder cancer: ten-year outcome. , 1998, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[228]  S. Almenar,et al.  The optimum timing of radical cystectomy for patients with recurrent high‐risk superficial bladder tumour , 2004, BJU international.

[229]  F. Montorsi,et al.  Nerve and seminal sparing radical cystectomy with orthotopic urinary diversion for select patients with superficial bladder cancer: an innovative surgical approach. , 2001, The Journal of urology.

[230]  R. Hautmann,et al.  Cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: results of a surgery only series in the neobladder era. , 2005, The Journal of urology.

[231]  R. Shah,et al.  Evaluation of the prostate peripheral zone/capsule in patients undergoing radical cystoprostatectomy: defining risk with prostate capsule sparing cystectomy. , 2007, Urologic oncology.

[232]  R. C. Coffey PHYSIOLOGIC IMPLANTATION OF THE SEVERED URETER OR COMMON BILE-DUCT INTO THE INTESTINE , 1911 .

[233]  R. Hohenfellner,et al.  Colon pouch (Mainz pouch III) for continent urinary diversion after pelvic irradiation. , 2000, Urology.

[234]  R. Sylvester,et al.  The role of adjuvant combination chemotherapy after cystectomy in locally advanced bladder cancer: what we do not know and why. , 2000, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[235]  P. Bassi,et al.  Quality of life after radical cystectomy and orthotopic bladder substitution: a comparison between Italian and Swedish men , 2000, BJU international.

[236]  J. Wright,et al.  Quality-of-life assessment in patients with bladder cancer , 2007, Nature Clinical Practice Urology.

[237]  C. Sherbourne,et al.  The MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) , 1992 .

[238]  J. Manola,et al.  Phase III trial of methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin versus carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients with advanced carcinoma of the urothelium , 2004, Cancer.

[239]  N. Geller,et al.  M-VAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin) for advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium. , 1988, The Journal of urology.

[240]  R. Dreicer,et al.  Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group phase II trial of ifosfamide in the treatment of previously treated advanced urothelial carcinoma. , 1997, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[241]  S. Pahernik,et al.  Continent cutaneous urinary diversion: long-term follow-up of more than 800 patients with ileocecal reservoirs , 2006, World Journal of Urology.

[242]  P. Alken,et al.  Radical cystectomy--often too late? , 1987, European urology.

[243]  R. Clayman,et al.  Laparoscopic staging of bladder tumor: concerns about port site metastases. , 1998, Journal of endourology.

[244]  D. Paulson,et al.  Complications of radical cystectomy and urinary diversion: a retrospective review of 675 cases in 2 decades. , 1992, The Journal of urology.

[245]  S. Fosså,et al.  Quality of life in patients with muscle-infiltrating bladder cancer and hormone-resistant prostatic cancer. , 1989, European urology.

[246]  G. Bartsch,et al.  The remnant urothelium after reconstructive bladder surgery. , 2002, European urology.

[247]  S. Fosså,et al.  A bladder cancer multi‐institutional experience with total cystectomy for muscle‐invasive bladder cancer , 1993, Cancer.

[248]  A. Zietman,et al.  Invasive bladder cancer: treatment strategies using transurethral surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy with selection for bladder conservation. , 1997, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[249]  B. Redman,et al.  Combination paclitaxel, carboplatin, and gemcitabine is an active treatment for advanced urothelial cancer. , 2001, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[250]  T. Ratliff Urine markers for bladder cancer surveillance: a systematic review. , 2005, The Journal of urology.

[251]  J. Stein,et al.  The orthotopic T pouch ileal neobladder: experience with 209 patients. , 2004, The Journal of urology.

[252]  D. Tulsky,et al.  The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy scale: development and validation of the general measure. , 1993, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[253]  V. Laudone,et al.  Oncological outcomes after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: open versus minimally invasive approaches. , 2010, The Journal of urology.

[254]  H. Herr,et al.  Conservative management of muscle-infiltrating bladder cancer: prospective experience. , 1987, The Journal of urology.

[255]  M. Dimopoulos,et al.  The outcome of elderly patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma after platinum-based combination chemotherapy. , 2005, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[256]  A L Baert,et al.  Lymph node staging of localized prostatic carcinoma with CT and CT-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy: prospective study of 285 patients. , 1994, Radiology.

[257]  M. Gerken,et al.  Is there evidence for a multidisciplinary follow-up after urological cancer? An evaluation of subsequent cancers , 2008, World Journal of Urology.

[258]  P. Bassi,et al.  Prognostic factors of outcome after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: a retrospective study of a homogeneous patient cohort. , 1999, The Journal of urology.

[259]  K. Jensen,et al.  Lymph node mapping in patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy and lymph node dissection to the level of the inferior mesenteric artery , 2009, BJU international.

[260]  H. Herr,et al.  The value of a second transurethral resection in evaluating patients with bladder tumors. , 2000, The Journal of urology.

[261]  T. Kälble,et al.  Tumor induction and prophylaxis following different forms of intestinal urinary diversion in a rat model , 2004, Urological Research.

[262]  Peter A. Jones,et al.  Molecular targets and targeted therapies in bladder cancer management , 2008, World Journal of Urology.

[263]  M. Soloway,et al.  Urethral recurrence following radical cystectomy. , 1990, The Journal of urology.

[264]  J. Machiels,et al.  A single arm, multicenter, open label, phase II study of lapatinib as 2L treatment of pts with locally advanced/metastatic transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urothelial tract , 2005 .

[265]  C. Siegel Bladder cancer: analysis of multi-detector row helical CT enhancement pattern and accuracy in tumor detection and perivesical staging. , 2005, The Journal of urology.

[266]  Joshua R. Ehrlich,et al.  A comparison of postoperative complications in open versus robotic cystectomy. , 2010, European urology.

[267]  C. Schwartz,et al.  Methodological approaches for assessing response shift in longitudinal health-related quality-of-life research. , 1999, Social science & medicine.

[268]  C. Rödel,et al.  Organ preservation by combined modality treatment in bladder cancer: the European perspective. , 2005, Seminars in radiation oncology.

[269]  T. Wilt,et al.  Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin versus mitomycin C for Ta and T1 bladder cancer. , 2015, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[270]  L. Solin,et al.  A comparison of preoperative radiotherapy regimens for bladder carcinoma. The university of Pennsylvania experience , 1988, Cancer.

[271]  M. Dimopoulos,et al.  Docetaxel and cisplatin with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) versus MVAC with G-CSF in advanced urothelial carcinoma: a multicenter, randomized, phase III study from the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group. , 2004, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[272]  I. Tannock,et al.  Gemcitabine: a promising new agent in the treatment of advanced urothelial cancer. , 1997, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[273]  R. Sylvester,et al.  Intravesical BCG in Patients with Carcinoma in situ of the Urinary Bladder: Long–Term Results of EORTC GU Group Phase II Protocol 30861 , 2001, European Urology.

[274]  J. Hainsworth,et al.  Paclitaxel and gemcitabine chemotherapy for advanced transitional-cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract: a phase II trial of the Minnie pearl cancer research network. , 2001, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[275]  R. Bahnson,et al.  EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF VALRUBICIN FOR THE TREATMENT OF BACILLUS CALMETTE-GUERIN REFRACTORY CARCINOMA IN SITU OF THE BLADDER , 2000 .

[276]  D. Neuberg,et al.  Significant activity of paclitaxel in advanced transitional-cell carcinoma of the urothelium: a phase II trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. , 1994, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[277]  M. Ghoneim,et al.  Radical cystectomy for carcinoma of the bladder: critical evaluation of the results in 1,026 cases. , 1997, The Journal of urology.

[278]  L. Seymour,et al.  Long-term survival in phase II trials of gemcitabine plus cisplatin for advanced transitional cell cancer. , 2002, Urologic oncology.

[279]  D. Penson,et al.  Health related quality of life after radical cystectomy and urinary diversion for bladder cancer: a systematic review and critical analysis of the literature. , 2005, The Journal of urology.

[280]  H. Loertzer,et al.  Recurrence and progression of stage T1, grade 3 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder following intravesical immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guerin. , 2000, The Journal of urology.

[281]  T. Tammela,et al.  Differences between local and review urinary cytology in diagnosis of bladder cancer. An interobserver multicenter analysis. , 2002, European urology.

[282]  T. Kuzel,et al.  Phase II study of single-agent gemcitabine in previously untreated patients with metastatic urothelial cancer. , 1997, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[283]  Yair Lotan,et al.  Nomogram for predicting disease recurrence after radical cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. , 2006, The Journal of urology.

[284]  E. Ioachim,et al.  Thrombospondin-1 expression in urothelial carcinoma: prognostic significance and association with p53 alterations, tumour angiogenesis and extracellular matrix components , 2006, BMC Cancer.

[285]  C. Sternberg,et al.  Bacillus Calmette-Guerin in the treatment of stage T1 grade 3 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: long-term results. , 1995, The Journal of urology.

[286]  H. Zincke,et al.  Carcinoma in Situ of the Bladder , 1980, Cancer.

[287]  S. Hart,et al.  Quality of life after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer in patients with an ileal conduit, cutaneous or urethral kock pouch. , 1999, The Journal of urology.

[288]  E. Ağlamiş,et al.  When should quality of life be measured after radical cystectomy? , 2002, European urology.

[289]  G. Bartsch,et al.  The risk of urethral tumors in female bladder cancer: can the urethra be used for orthotopic reconstruction of the lower urinary tract? , 1995, The Journal of urology.

[290]  I. Näslund,et al.  Hyperfractionated radiotherapy of bladder cancer. A ten-year follow-up of a randomized clinical trial. , 1994, Acta oncologica.

[291]  H. Basler,et al.  Quality of life after cystectomy and urinary diversion: results of a retrospective interdisciplinary study. , 1997, The Journal of urology.

[292]  L. Collette,et al.  Morbidity from pelvic lymphadenectomy in men undergoing radical prostatectomy. , 2006, European urology.

[293]  C. Rödel,et al.  Trimodality treatment and selective organ preservation for bladder cancer. , 2006, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[294]  S. Mondillo,et al.  Comparison between a cisplatin‐containing regimen and a carboplatin‐containing regimen for recurrent or metastatic bladder cancer patients: A randomized phase II study , 1996, Cancer.

[295]  J. Ware,et al.  Evaluating Translations of Health Status Questionnaires: Methods From the IQOLA Project , 1995, International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care.

[296]  H. von der Maase,et al.  Metastatic Urothelial Cancer: Evaluation of Prognostic Factors and Change in Prognosis during the Last Twenty Years , 2001, European Urology.

[297]  E. Skinner,et al.  Quality of life after cystectomy and urinary diversion: an evidence based analysis. , 2005, The Journal of urology.

[298]  H. Miyake,et al.  Health‐related quality of life after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: a comparison of ileal conduit and orthotopic bladder replacement , 2002, BJU international.

[299]  D. Wood,et al.  Stomal complications of ileal conduits are significantly higher when formed in women with intractable urinary incontinence. , 2004, The Journal of urology.

[300]  G. Adessi,et al.  Immunohistochemical detection of p53 protein overexpression versus gene sequencing in urinary bladder carcinomas. , 1999, The Journal of urology.

[301]  I. Näslund,et al.  Evaluation of clinical staging before cystectomy in transitional cell bladder carcinoma: a long-term follow-up of 276 consecutive patients. , 1998, British journal of urology.

[302]  C. Sternberg,et al.  Long-term follow-up of G3T1 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder treated with intravesical bacille Calmette-Guérin: 18-year experience. , 2002, Urology.

[303]  G. Jakse,et al.  Second resection and prognosis of primary high risk superficial bladder cancer: is cystectomy often too early? , 2001, The Journal of urology.

[304]  G. Bartsch,et al.  Life after cystectomy and orthotopic neobladder versus ileal conduit urinary diversion. , 2001, Seminars in urologic oncology.

[305]  Sam S. Chang,et al.  Complications of radical cystectomy for nonmuscle invasive disease: comparison with muscle invasive disease. , 2003, The Journal of urology.

[306]  J. Cooper,et al.  Combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy compared with radiotherapy alone in patients with cancer of the esophagus. , 1992, The New England journal of medicine.

[307]  S. Holmäng,et al.  Long-term followup of all patients with muscle invasive (stages T2, T3 and T4) bladder carcinoma in a geographical region. , 1997, The Journal of urology.

[308]  C. Goessl,et al.  Is routine excretory urography necessary at first diagnosis of bladder cancer? , 1997, The Journal of urology.

[309]  R. Millikan,et al.  Chemotherapy for bladder cancer: treatment guidelines for neoadjuvant chemotherapy, bladder preservation, adjuvant chemotherapy, and metastatic cancer. , 2007, Urology.

[310]  J. Montie,et al.  Follow-up strategies and management of recurrence in urologic oncology bladder cancer: invasive bladder cancer. , 2003, The Urologic clinics of North America.

[311]  A. Zietman,et al.  Selective bladder conservation using transurethral resection, chemotherapy, and radiation: management and consequences of Ta, T1, and Tis recurrence within the retained bladder. , 2001, Urology.

[312]  L. Lawler MR imaging of the bladder. , 2003, Radiologic clinics of North America.

[313]  P. Rigatti,et al.  Five-year results of neoadjuvant cisplatin, methotrexate and vinblastine chemotherapy plus radical cystectomy in locally advanced bladder cancer. , 1995, European urology.

[314]  A. Zietman,et al.  An Update of Selective Bladder Preservation by Combined Modality Therapy for Invasive Bladder Cancer , 1998, European Urology.

[315]  K. Steven,et al.  Sexological problems after cystectomy: bladder substitution compared with ileal conduit diversion. A questionnaire study of male patients. , 1998, Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology.

[316]  J. Huguet,et al.  Cystectomy in patients with high risk superficial bladder tumors who fail intravesical BCG therapy: pre-cystectomy prostate involvement as a prognostic factor. , 2005, European urology.

[317]  N. Cowan,et al.  Multidetector computed tomography urography for diagnosing upper urinary tract urothelial tumour , 2007, BJU international.

[318]  P. Dahm,et al.  Disease specific survival as endpoint of outcome for bladder cancer patients following radical cystectomy. , 2002, European urology.

[319]  S. Groshen,et al.  Radical cystectomy for high risk patients with superficial bladder cancer in the era of orthotopic urinary reconstruction , 1995, Cancer.

[320]  D. Johnson,et al.  Complications of a single stage radical cystectomy and ileal conduit diversion: review of 214 cases. , 1977, The Journal of urology.

[321]  J. Manola,et al.  Topotecan in previously treated advanced urothelial carcinoma: an ECOG phase II trial , 1998, Investigational New Drugs.

[322]  I. Tannock,et al.  A randomized comparison of cisplatin alone or in combination with methotrexate, vinblastine, and doxorubicin in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma: a cooperative group study. , 1992, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[323]  F. Wiklund,et al.  Results of second-look resection after primary resection of T1 tumour of the urinary bladder , 2005, Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology.

[324]  R. Kuefer,et al.  Oncological followup after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer-is there any benefit? , 2009, The Journal of urology.

[325]  E. Tuzel,et al.  Risk factors for mucosal prostatic urethral involvement in superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. , 2005, European urology.

[326]  G. Steineck,et al.  Time after surgery, symptoms and well‐being in survivors of urinary bladder cancer , 2003, BJU international.

[327]  Sergio Ricci,et al.  Long-term survival results of a randomized trial comparing gemcitabine plus cisplatin, with methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, plus cisplatin in patients with bladder cancer. , 2006, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[328]  J. Smith Long-time experience with Kock ileal reservoir for continent urinary diversion. , 2003, The Journal of urology.

[329]  M. Kuczyk,et al.  The value of bladder-conserving strategies in muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma compared with radical surgery , 2007, Current opinion in urology.

[330]  J. Au,et al.  Fibroblast growth factors: an epigenetic mechanism of broad spectrum resistance to anticancer drugs. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[331]  K. Wishnow,et al.  Indications for urethrectomy in an era of continent urinary diversion. , 1990, The Journal of urology.

[332]  A. Stenzl,et al.  Incidental prostate cancer at radical cystoprostatectomy: implications for apex‐sparing surgery , 2010, BJU international.

[333]  F. Saad,et al.  Exploration of health-related quality of life areas that may distinguish between continent diversion and ileal conduit patients. , 2005, The Canadian journal of urology.

[334]  J. Chin,et al.  Clinically significant prostate cancer found incidentally in radical cystoprostatectomy specimens , 2007, BJU international.

[335]  J. Phillips,et al.  The role of perioperative chemotherapy in the treatment of urothelial cancer. , 2006, The oncologist.