10 – Sex Hormones, Pregnancy, and Immune Function

[1]  C. Whitacre,et al.  Pregnancy Suppresses Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis through Immunoregulatory Cytokine Production1 , 2007, The Journal of Immunology.

[2]  H. Dao,et al.  Gender differences in skin: a review of the literature. , 2007, Gender medicine.

[3]  S. Kyurkchiev,et al.  Female Sex Steroid Hormones Modify Some Regulatory Properties of Monocyte‐Derived Dendritic Cells , 2007, American journal of reproductive immunology.

[4]  A. Melms,et al.  Dendritic cell–regulatory T‐cell interactions control self‐directed immunity , 2007, Immunology and cell biology.

[5]  R. Dai,et al.  Despite Inhibition of Nuclear Localization of NF-κB p65, c-Rel, and RelB, 17-β Estradiol Up-Regulates NF-κB Signaling in Mouse Splenocytes: The Potential Role of Bcl-31 , 2007, The Journal of Immunology.

[6]  R. Straub,et al.  The complex role of estrogens in inflammation. , 2007, Endocrine reviews.

[7]  N. Holland,et al.  Cytokines and other immunological biomarkers in children's environmental health studies. , 2007, Toxicology letters.

[8]  K. Stark,et al.  Sex differences in clinical leptospirosis in Germany: 1997-2005. , 2007, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[9]  D. Aw,et al.  Immunosenescence: emerging challenges for an ageing population , 2007, Immunology.

[10]  S. Ansar Ahmed,et al.  IFN-gamma-inducing transcription factor, T-bet is upregulated by estrogen in murine splenocytes: role of IL-27 but not IL-12. , 2007, Molecular immunology.

[11]  Lawrence Steinman,et al.  A brief history of TH17, the first major revision in the TH1/TH2 hypothesis of T cell–mediated tissue damage , 2007, Nature Medicine.

[12]  G. Hughes,et al.  Regulation of dendritic cells by female sex steroids: Relevance to immunity and autoimmunity , 2007, Autoimmunity.

[13]  S. Rasmussen,et al.  Emerging Infections and Pregnancy , 2006, Emerging infectious diseases.

[14]  H. Offner,et al.  A Potential Role for Estrogen in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis , 2006, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[15]  G. Royo,et al.  The influence of age and gender on the population-based incidence of community-acquired pneumonia caused by different microbial pathogens. , 2006, The Journal of infection.

[16]  A. Vandenbark,et al.  Estrogen‐mediated immunomodulation involves reduced activation of effector T cells, potentiation of treg cells, and enhanced expression of the PD‐1 costimulatory pathway , 2006, Journal of neuroscience research.

[17]  Rhonda R. Voskuhl,et al.  Treatment with an Estrogen Receptor α Ligand Is Neuroprotective in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis , 2006, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[18]  H. Weiner,et al.  Reciprocal developmental pathways for the generation of pathogenic effector TH17 and regulatory T cells , 2006, Nature.

[19]  P. Nelson,et al.  Effect of medical castration on CD4+ CD25+ T cells, CD8+ T cell IFN-gamma expression, and NK cells: a physiological role for testosterone and/or its metabolites. , 2006, American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism.

[20]  L. K. Marriott,et al.  Multiple pathways transmit neuroprotective effects of gonadal steroids , 2006, Endocrine.

[21]  A. Nath,et al.  Immune modulation by estrogens , 2006, Endocrine.

[22]  A. Vandenbark,et al.  Enhanced FoxP3 expression and Treg cell function in pregnant and estrogen-treated mice , 2005, Journal of Neuroimmunology.

[23]  D. McDonnell,et al.  Coregulators in nuclear estrogen receptor action: from concept to therapeutic targeting. , 2005, Molecular interventions.

[24]  H. Carlsten.  Immune responses and bone loss: the estrogen connection , 2005, Immunological reviews.

[25]  Ying Wang,et al.  A distinct lineage of CD4 T cells regulates tissue inflammation by producing interleukin 17 , 2005, Nature Immunology.

[26]  D. Lubahn,et al.  Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) Deficiency in Macrophages Results in Increased Stimulation of CD4+ T Cells while 17β-Estradiol Acts through ERα to Increase IL-4 and GATA-3 Expression in CD4+ T Cells Independent of Antigen Presentation1 , 2005, The Journal of Immunology.

[27]  Y. Zhao,et al.  Testosterone induced Ca2+ influx in bone marrow-derived macrophages via surface binding sites. , 2005, Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology.

[28]  T. Phillips,et al.  Estrogen and skin: the effects of estrogen, menopause, and hormone replacement therapy on the skin. , 2005, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[29]  M. Piccinni.  T cells in pregnancy. , 2005, Chemical immunology and allergy.

[30]  Qiaoli Li,et al.  Modulation of Leishmania donovani infection and cell viability by testosterone in bone marrow-derived macrophages: Signaling via surface binding sites , 2005, Steroids.

[31]  G. Hansson,et al.  The atheroprotective effect of 17beta-estradiol depends on complex interactions in adaptive immunity. , 2005, The American journal of pathology.

[32]  Shinichi Watanabe,et al.  Regulatory roles of sex hormones in cutaneous biology and immunology. , 2005, Journal of dermatological science.

[33]  J. Gustafsson,et al.  Hair Cycle Control by Estrogens: Catagen Induction via Estrogen Receptor (ER)-α Is Checked by ERβ Signaling , 2005 .

[34]  P. Hurn,et al.  Middle-Age Male Mice Have Increased Severity of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Are Unresponsive to Testosterone Therapy1 , 2005, The Journal of Immunology.

[35]  L. Fugger,et al.  Multiple sclerosis: MHC associations and therapeutic implications , 2005, Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine.

[36]  T. Mcclanahan,et al.  IL-23 drives a pathogenic T cell population that induces autoimmune inflammation , 2005, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[37]  V. Kuchroo,et al.  IL-12– and IL-23–induced T helper cell subsets , 2005, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[38]  P. Cooke,et al.  T lymphocytes do not directly mediate the protective effect of estrogen on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. , 2004, The American journal of pathology.

[39]  H. Offner.  Neuroimmunoprotective effects of estrogen and derivatives in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: Therapeutic implications for multiple sclerosis , 2004, Journal of neuroscience research.

[40]  C. Ciumas,et al.  Dendritic cells exposed to estrogen in vitro exhibit therapeutic effects in ongoing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis , 2004, Journal of Neuroimmunology.

[41]  S. Parthasarathy,et al.  Estrogen, neutrophils and oxidation. , 2004, Life sciences.

[42]  H. Link,et al.  Antigen-specific T cell functions are suppressed over the estrogen-dendritic cell-indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase axis , 2004, Steroids.

[43]  P. Chambon,et al.  EncephalomyelitisExperimental Autoimmune -Estradiol-Mediated Inhibition of b 17Inflammatory Leukocytes Is Dispensable for Signaling in a Estrogen Receptor , 2004 .

[44]  S. Ziegler,et al.  Cutting Edge: Estrogen Drives Expansion of the CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cell Compartment1 , 2004, The Journal of Immunology.

[45]  F. Wunderlich,et al.  Rapid effects of androgens in macrophages , 2004, Steroids.

[46]  M. Hewison,et al.  Hormones and immune function: implications of aging , 2004, Aging cell.

[47]  J. Dwyer,et al.  Estrogen treatment induces a novel population of regulatory cells, which suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis , 2004, Journal of neuroscience research.

[48]  S. Klein,et al.  Hormonal and immunological mechanisms mediating sex differences in parasite infection , 2004, Parasite immunology.

[49]  Donald P. McDonnell,et al.  Hormone Therapy: Physiological Complexity Belies Therapeutic Simplicity , 2004, Science.

[50]  C. Whitacre,et al.  Sex differences in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in multiple murine strains , 2004, Journal of Neuroimmunology.

[51]  C. Miller,et al.  The cell-mediated immune response to Neospora caninum during pregnancy in the mouse is associated with a bias towards production of interleukin-4. , 2004, International journal for parasitology.

[52]  G. Pelletier,et al.  Localization of sex steroid receptors in human skin. , 2004, Histology and histopathology.

[53]  R. Voskuhl,et al.  Estriol treatment ameliorates disease in males with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: implications for multiple sclerosis , 2004, Journal of Neuroimmunology.

[54]  Q. Mei,et al.  Estrogen influences the differentiation, maturation and function of dendritic cells in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. , 2004, Acta pharmacologica Sinica.

[55]  C. Schmid,et al.  Association between estrogen receptor α gene variation and cardiovascular disease , 2004 .

[56]  N. Sicotte,et al.  Immune Modulation in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with the Pregnancy Hormone Estriol 1 , 2003, The Journal of Immunology.

[57]  C. Teuscher,et al.  The Protective Effect of 17 (cid:1) -Estradiol on Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Is Mediated through Estrogen Receptor- (cid:2) , 2003 .

[58]  C. Caracta.  Gender differences in pulmonary disease. , 2003, The Mount Sinai journal of medicine, New York.

[59]  Oscar L. Sierra,et al.  Estrogen deficiency induces bone loss by increasing T cell proliferation and lifespan through IFN-γ-induced class II transactivator , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[60]  R. Steinman.  Some interfaces of dendritic cell biology , 2003, APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica.

[61]  C. Ardavı́n.  Origin, precursors and differentiation of mouse dendritic cells , 2003, Nature Reviews Immunology.

[62]  F. Tanrıverdi,et al.  The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis: immune function and autoimmunity. , 2003, The Journal of endocrinology.

[63]  Jeffrey A. Bluestone,et al.  Opinion-regulatory lymphocytes: Natural versus adaptive regulatory T cells , 2003, Nature Reviews Immunology.

[64]  A. Vandenbark,et al.  Oral Feeding with Ethinyl Estradiol Suppresses and Treats Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in SJL Mice and Inhibits the Recruitment of Inflammatory Cells into the Central Nervous System 1 , 2003, The Journal of Immunology.

[65]  J. Dwyer,et al.  Estrogen inhibition of EAE involves effects on dendritic cell function , 2002, Journal of neuroscience research.

[66]  D. Keskin,et al.  Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, immunosuppression and pregnancy. , 2002, Journal of reproductive immunology.

[67]  Seth E. Bouvier,et al.  Treatment of multiple sclerosis with the pregnancy hormone estriol , 2002, Annals of neurology.

[68]  J. Ellis,et al.  Neospora caninum: a cause of immune-mediated failure of pregnancy? , 2002, Trends in parasitology.

[69]  H. Garren,et al.  Late Pregnancy Suppresses Relapses in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: Evidence for a Suppressive Pregancy-Related Serum Factor1 , 2002, The Journal of Immunology.

[70]  Anjana Rao,et al.  TH cell differentiation is accompanied by dynamic changes in histone acetylation of cytokine genes , 2002, Nature Immunology.

[71]  E. Vittinghoff,et al.  Statin Therapy, Cardiovascular Events, and Total Mortality in the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) , 2002, Circulation.

[72]  Rhonda R. Voskuhl,et al.  Gender issues and multiple sclerosis , 2002, Current neurology and neuroscience reports.

[73]  K. Abel,et al.  The strength of B cell immunity in female rhesus macaques is controlled by CD8+ T cells under the influence of ovarian steroid hormones , 2002, Clinical and experimental immunology.

[74]  K. Korach,et al.  Requirement of Estrogen Receptor-α in Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1)-induced Uterine Responses and in Vivo Evidence for IGF-1/Estrogen Receptor Cross-talk* , 2002, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[75]  J. Dwyer,et al.  Estrogen Inhibits Systemic T Cell Expression of TNF-α and Recruitment of TNF-α+ T Cells and Macrophages into the CNS of Mice Developing Experimental Encephalomyelitis , 2002 .

[76]  V. Rivera,et al.  Regulatory effects of estriol on T cell migration and cytokine profile: inhibition of transcription factor NF-κB , 2002, Journal of Neuroimmunology.

[77]  Yong‐jun Liu,et al.  Mouse and human dendritic cell subtypes , 2002, Nature Reviews Immunology.

[78]  S. Tsai,et al.  Mechanisms of Action of Estrogen and Progesterone , 2002, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[79]  E. Filardo,et al.  Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation by estrogen via the G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR30: a novel signaling pathway with potential significance for breast cancer , 2002, The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.

[80]  E. Rakasz,et al.  FEMALE SEX HORMONES AS REGULATORY FACTORS IN THE VAGINAL IMMUNE COMPARTMENT , 2002, International reviews of immunology.

[81]  Sandra M. Merkel,et al.  Essential Role for Estrogen in Protection againstVibrio vulnificus-Induced Endotoxic Shock , 2001, Infection and Immunity.

[82]  A. Vandenbark,et al.  17β‐estradiol inhibits cytokine, chemokine, and chemokine receptor mRNA expression in the central nervous system of female mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis , 2001 .

[83]  J. Westendorf,et al.  Comparison of an array of in vitro assays for the assessment of the estrogenic potential of natural and synthetic estrogens, phytoestrogens and xenoestrogens. , 2001, Toxicology.

[84]  P. Kourilsky,et al.  Cytokine fields and the polarization of the immune response. , 2001, Trends in immunology.

[85]  C. Whitacre.  Sex differences in autoimmune disease , 2001, Nature Immunology.

[86]  R. Voskuhl,et al.  Testosterone Acts Directly on CD4+ T Lymphocytes to Increase IL-10 Production1 , 2001, The Journal of Immunology.

[87]  Ira Mellman,et al.  Dendritic Cells Specialized and Regulated Antigen Processing Machines , 2001, Cell.

[88]  M. A. Curotto de Lafaille,et al.  Regulatory T cells in spontaneous autoimmune encephalomyelitis , 2001, Immunological reviews.

[89]  J. Bluestone,et al.  Suppressor T cells – they’re back and critical for regulation of autoimmunity! , 2001, Immunological reviews.

[90]  H. Offner,et al.  Estrogen Treatment Down-Regulates TNF-α Production and Reduces the Severity of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Cytokine Knockout Mice1 , 2001, The Journal of Immunology.

[91]  B. Polgár,et al.  Progesterone as an immunomodulatory molecule. , 2001, International immunopharmacology.

[92]  N. Abdou,et al.  Gender differences in autoimmunity: molecular basis for estrogen effects in systemic lupus erythematosus. , 2001, International immunopharmacology.

[93]  R. Voskuhl,et al.  Sex Hormones in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: Implications for Multiple Sclerosis , 2001, The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry.

[94]  G. Hughes,et al.  Estrogen and progesterone receptors in murine models of systemic lupus erythematosus. , 2001, International immunopharmacology.

[95]  L. Valiquette.  Urinary tract infections in women. , 2001, The Canadian journal of urology.

[96]  P. Lundberg,et al.  Gender Influences Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection in Normal and Gamma Interferon-Mutant Mice , 2001, Journal of Virology.

[97]  C. Lucchinetti,et al.  Multiple Sclerosis: Current Pathophysiological Concepts , 2001, Laboratory Investigation.

[98]  F. Claessens,et al.  Selective DNA binding by the androgen receptor as a mechanism for hormone-specific gene regulation , 2001, The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.

[99]  A. Vandenbark,et al.  Low-Dose Estrogen Therapy Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Two Different Inbred Mouse Strains1 , 2001, The Journal of Immunology.

[100]  L. Doncarlos,et al.  Neuroprotection by estradiol , 2001, Progress in Neurobiology.

[101]  Bing Zhang,et al.  Early pregnancy factor suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced in Lewis rats with myelin basic protein and in SJL/J mice with myelin proteolipid protein peptide 139-151 , 2000, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.

[102]  T. Moeslinger,et al.  Testosterone inhibits expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in murine macrophages. , 2000, Life sciences.

[103]  A. Maggi,et al.  Estrogen blocks inducible nitric oxide synthase accumulation in LPS-activated microglia cells , 2000, Experimental Gerontology.

[104]  R. Pacifici,et al.  Estrogen deficiency induces bone loss by enhancing T-cell production of TNF-alpha. , 2000, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[105]  M. Cutolo,et al.  Different roles for androgens and estrogens in the susceptibility to autoimmune rheumatic diseases. , 2000, Rheumatic diseases clinics of North America.

[106]  R. Wilder,et al.  Hormonal alterations in rheumatoid arthritis, including the effects of pregnancy. , 2000, Rheumatic diseases clinics of North America.

[107]  R. Lahita.  Sex hormones and systemic lupus erythematosus. , 2000, Rheumatic diseases clinics of North America.

[108]  M. F. Chen,et al.  Female Sex Hormones Modulate the Function of LPS‐treated Macrophages , 2000, American journal of reproductive immunology.

[109]  H. Moutsopoulos,et al.  Neuroendocrine manifestations in Sjögren's syndrome. , 2000, Rheumatic diseases clinics of North America.

[110]  J. Gustafsson,et al.  Estrogen receptor β acts as a dominant regulator of estrogen signaling , 2000, Oncogene.

[111]  G. Freeman,et al.  Engagement of the Pd-1 Immunoinhibitory Receptor by a Novel B7 Family Member Leads to Negative Regulation of Lymphocyte Activation , 2000, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[112]  J. T. Martin,et al.  Sexual dimorphism in immune function: the role of prenatal exposure to androgens and estrogens. , 2000, European journal of pharmacology.

[113]  S. Ahmed,et al.  The immune system as a potential target for environmental estrogens (endocrine disrupters): a new emerging field. , 2000, Toxicology.

[114]  M. Piccinni,et al.  Role of hormone-controlled Th1- and Th2-type cytokines in successful pregnancy , 2000, Journal of Neuroimmunology.

[115]  W. Savino,et al.  Neuroendocrine control of thymus physiology. , 2000, Endocrine reviews.

[116]  O. Hellwinkel,et al.  Influence of androgens and age on androgen receptor and 5 alpha-reductase II transcription. , 2000, European journal of endocrinology.

[117]  S. Klein,et al.  The effects of hormones on sex differences in infection: from genes to behavior , 2000, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[118]  J. Simpkins,et al.  Neuroprotective effects of estrogens: potential mechanisms of action , 2000, International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience.

[119]  A. Vandenbark,et al.  Estrogen potentiates treatment with T-cell receptor protein of female mice with experimental encephalomyelitis. , 2000, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[120]  E. Hall,et al.  Gender differences in acute CNS trauma and stroke: neuroprotective effects of estrogen and progesterone. , 2000, Journal of neurotrauma.

[121]  O. Abramsky,et al.  Effects of sex hormones on experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis , 2000, European journal of neurology.

[122]  K. Nomoto,et al.  Mediation of the Immunomodulatory Effect of β-Estradiol on Inflammatory Responses by Inhibition of Recruitment and Activation of Inflammatory Cells and Their Gene Expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ , 2000, International Archives of Allergy and Immunology.

[123]  M. Piccinni,et al.  Role of hormone-controlled T-cell cytokines in the maintenance of pregnancy. , 2000, Biochemical Society transactions.

[124]  R. Yirmiya,et al.  The Immunobiology of Sexual Behavior Gender Differences in the Suppression of Sexual Activity During Illness , 1999, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[125]  P. Kalinski,et al.  T-cell priming by type-1 and type-2 polarized dendritic cells: the concept of a third signal. , 1999, Immunology today.

[126]  M. Kelly,et al.  Estrogen Modulation of G-protein-coupled Receptors , 1999, Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism.

[127]  M. Olek.  Multiple sclerosis--Part I. Overview pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, and clinical parameters , 1999, The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association.

[128]  D. Verthelyi,et al.  Gender and risk of autoimmune diseases: possible role of estrogenic compounds. , 1999, Environmental health perspectives.

[129]  J. Cidlowski,et al.  Molecular control of immune/inflammatory responses: interactions between nuclear factor-kappa B and steroid receptor-signaling pathways. , 1999, Endocrine reviews.

[130]  R. Rubin,et al.  Functional sex differences (`sexual diergism') of central nervous system cholinergic systems, vasopressin, and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity in mammals: a selective review , 1999, Brain Research Reviews.

[131]  M. Salem,et al.  Beta-estradiol-induced decrease in IL-12 and TNF-alpha expression suppresses macrophage functions in the course of Listeria monocytogenes infection in mice. , 1999, International journal of immunopharmacology.

[132]  M. Newell,et al.  Estradiol prevents and testosterone promotes Fas-dependent apoptosis in CD4+ Th2 cells by altering Bcl 2 expression , 1999, Lupus.

[133]  L. Castagnetta,et al.  Sex Hormones Modulate Inflammatory Mediators Produced by Macrophages a , 1999, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[134]  R. Voskuhl,et al.  Decreased IL-12 production underlies the decreased ability of male lymph node cells to induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. , 1999, Journal of immunology.

[135]  Yung Rl.  Mechanisms of lupus: the role of estrogens. , 1999 .

[136]  R. Voskuhl,et al.  Estriol ameliorates autoimmune demyelinating disease , 1999, Neurology.

[137]  R. Smith,et al.  The timing of birth. , 1999, Scientific American.

[138]  Caroline C. Whitacre,et al.  A Gender Gap in Autoimmunity , 1999, Science.

[139]  A. Vandenbark,et al.  Gender differences in protection from EAE induced by oral tolerance with a peptide analogue of MBP‐Ac1–11 , 1999, Journal of neuroscience research.

[140]  A. Vandenbark,et al.  Androgens alter the cytokine profile and reduce encephalitogenicity of myelin-reactive T cells. , 1999, Journal of immunology.

[141]  P. Zabel,et al.  Gender differences in human sepsis. , 1998, Archives of surgery.

[142]  J. Correale,et al.  Steroid hormone regulation of cytokine secretion by proteolipid protein-specific CD4+ T cell clones isolated from multiple sclerosis patients and normal control subjects. , 1998, Journal of immunology.

[143]  E. Spinedi,et al.  Sex- and stress-steroids interactions and the immune system: evidence for a neuroendocrine-immunological sexual dimorphism. , 1998, Domestic animal endocrinology.

[144]  M. Hutchinson,et al.  Rate of Pregnancy-Related Relapse in Multiple Sclerosis , 1998 .

[145]  R. Holmdahl,et al.  Estrogen-mediated immunosuppression in autoimmune diseases , 1998, Inflammation Research.

[146]  J. Gustafsson,et al.  Differential response of estrogen receptor alpha and estrogen receptor beta to partial estrogen agonists/antagonists. , 1998, Molecular pharmacology.

[147]  K. Korach,et al.  The role of estrogen receptors and androgen receptors in sex steroid regulation of B lymphopoiesis. , 1998, Journal of immunology.

[148]  J. S. Hunt,et al.  Regulation of TNF-alpha production in activated mouse macrophages by progesterone. , 1998, Journal of immunology.

[149]  A. Vandenbark,et al.  Gender differences in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis develop during the induction of the immune response to encephalitogenic peptides , 1998, Journal of neuroscience research.

[150]  R. Wilder.  Hormones, Pregnancy, and Autoimmune Diseases , 1998, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[151]  G. Adamus,et al.  Gonadal hormones influence the immune response to PLP 139–151 and the clinical course of relapsing experimental autoimmmune encephalomyelitis , 1998, Journal of Neuroimmunology.

[152]  Head Ka.  Estriol: safety and efficacy. , 1998, Alternative medicine review : a journal of clinical therapeutic.

[153]  G. Giese,et al.  Estradiol binding to cell surface raises cytosolic free calcium in T cells , 1998, FEBS letters.

[154]  Savita,et al.  Sex steroid hormones modulate the activation of murine peritoneal macrophages: receptor mediated modulation. , 1998, Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part C, Pharmacology, toxicology & endocrinology.

[155]  F. Pralong,et al.  Sexual dimorphism in the mouse hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function after endotoxin and insulin stresses during development. , 1997, Neuroimmunomodulation.

[156]  R. Raghupathy.  Th1-type immunity is incompatible with successful pregnancy. , 1997, Immunology today.

[157]  D. Damek,et al.  Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis. , 1997, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[158]  H. Khalili,et al.  Estradiol Down‐Regulates LPS‐Induced Cytokine Production and NFkB Activation in Murine Macrophages , 1997, American journal of reproductive immunology.

[159]  R. Voskuhl,et al.  Testosterone therapy ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and induces a T helper 2 bias in the autoantigen-specific T lymphocyte response. , 1997, Journal of immunology.

[160]  K. Korach,et al.  Vascular estrogen receptors and endothelium-derived nitric oxide production in the mouse aorta. Gender difference and effect of estrogen receptor gene disruption. , 1997, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[161]  J. Lessing,et al.  Autoimmunity and reproduction. , 1997, Fertility and sterility.

[162]  A. Friedman,et al.  Sex hormones and autoimmunity. , 1997, Israel journal of medical sciences.

[163]  J. Faul,et al.  T‐cell cytokines may control the balance of functionally distinct macrophage populations , 1997, Immunology.

[164]  K. Sakabe,et al.  Sex hormones and the thymus in relation to thymocyte proliferation and maturation. , 1997, Archives of histology and cytology.

[165]  D. Umetsu,et al.  Novel Genetic Regulation of  T Helper 1 (Th1)/Th2 Cytokine Production and Encephalitogenicity in Inbred Mouse Strains , 1997, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[166]  L. Weiner,et al.  Effect of estradiol on cytokine secretion by proteolipid protein-specific T cell clones isolated from multiple sclerosis patients and normal control subjects. , 1997, Journal of immunology.

[167]  H. Toyoda,et al.  Effect of 5-α Dihydrotestosterone on T-cell Proliferation of the Female Nonobese Diabetic Mouse , 1996, Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.

[168]  K. Tamaki,et al.  Testosterone inhibits immunoglobulin production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells , 1996, Clinical and experimental immunology.

[169]  P. Nathanielsz.  Time, Tide and the Living Clocks of Marine Organisms , 1996 .

[170]  J. Zheng,et al.  Membrane Sex-Steroid Receptors in the Brain , 1996, Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology.

[171]  A. Vandenbark,et al.  Male SJL mice do not relapse after induction of EAE with PLP 139–151 , 1996, Journal of neuroscience research.

[172]  N. Olsen,et al.  Gonadal steroids and immunity. , 1996, Endocrine reviews.

[173]  A. MacKenzie-Graham,et al.  Gender differences in autoimmune demyelination in the mouse: Implications for multiple sclerosis , 1996, Annals of neurology.

[174]  M. Barna,et al.  Sex differences in susceptibility to viral infection of the central nervous system , 1996, Journal of Neuroimmunology.

[175]  J. S. Hunt,et al.  Sex steroid hormones and macrophage function. , 1996, Life sciences.

[176]  Miguel Beato,et al.  Transcriptional regulation by steroid hormones , 1996, Steroids.

[177]  S. Russell,et al.  Progesterone inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression and nitric oxide production in murine macrophages , 1996, Journal of leukocyte biology.

[178]  T. Mosmann,et al.  Pregnancy impairs resistance of C57BL/6 mice to Leishmania major infection and causes decreased antigen-specific IFN-gamma response and increased production of T helper 2 cytokines. , 1996, Journal of immunology.

[179]  T. Mosmann,et al.  T helper 1 response against Leishmania major in pregnant C57BL/6 mice increases implantation failure and fetal resorptions. Correlation with increased IFN-gamma and TNF and reduced IL-10 production by placental cells. , 1996, Journal of immunology.

[180]  A. Bendelac,et al.  Defective IgE production by SJL mice is linked to the absence of CD4+, NK1.1+ T cells that promptly produce interleukin 4. , 1995, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[181]  B Stein,et al.  Repression of the interleukin-6 promoter by estrogen receptor is mediated by NF-kappa B and C/EBP beta , 1995, Molecular and cellular biology.

[182]  D. Hinton,et al.  Macrophages regulate induction of delayed‐type hypersensitivity and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in SJL mice , 1995, European journal of immunology.

[183]  F. Annunziato,et al.  Progesterone favors the development of human T helper cells producing Th2-type cytokines and promotes both IL-4 production and membrane CD30 expression in established Th1 cell clones. , 1995, Journal of immunology.

[184]  W. Wernsdorfer,et al.  Malaria epidemiology in the province of Moyen Ogoov, Gabon. , 1995, Tropical medicine and parasitology : official organ of Deutsche Tropenmedizinische Gesellschaft and of Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit.

[185]  F. S. French,et al.  Androgen receptor defects : Historical, clinical, and molecular perspectives , 1995 .

[186]  Laurie H Glimcher,et al.  B7-1 and B7-2 costimulatory molecules activate differentially the Th1/Th2 developmental pathways: Application to autoimmune disease therapy , 1995, Cell.

[187]  O. Andersen,et al.  Pregnancy is associated with a lower risk of onset and a better prognosis in multiple sclerosis , 1995 .

[188]  O. Majdic,et al.  Identification of epitopes of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein for the induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in SJL and Biozzi AB/H mice. , 1994, Journal of immunology.

[189]  H. Hartung,et al.  Antigen presentation by astrocytes primes rat T-lymphocytes for apoptotic cell death , 1994, Journal of Neuroimmunology.

[190]  T. Olsson,et al.  Estrogen induces a potent suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelities and collagen-induced arthritis in mice , 1994, Journal of Neuroimmunology.

[191]  R. Walter,et al.  Steroid Sex Hormones and Macrophage Function: Modulation of Reactive Oxygen Intermediates and Nitrite Release , 1994, American journal of reproductive immunology.

[192]  R. V. van Vollenhoven,et al.  Estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone: can they be used to treat autoimmune diseases? , 1994, Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine.

[193]  A. Ray,et al.  Down-modulation of interleukin-6 gene expression by 17 beta-estradiol in the absence of high affinity DNA binding by the estrogen receptor. , 1994, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[194]  F. Barkhof,et al.  Magnetic resonance evaluation of disease activity during pregnancy in multiple sclerosis , 1994, Neurology.

[195]  T. Mosmann,et al.  Synthesis of T helper 2-type cytokines at the maternal-fetal interface. , 1993, Journal of immunology.

[196]  T. Mosmann,et al.  Bidirectional cytokine interactions in the maternal-fetal relationship: is successful pregnancy a TH2 phenomenon? , 1993, Immunology today.

[197]  N. Olsen,et al.  Testosterone induces expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 in the murine thymus , 1993, The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.

[198]  I. G. Young,et al.  Sex hormones and dexamethasone modulate interleukin-5 gene expression in T lymphocytes , 1993, The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.

[199]  M. Parker,et al.  A consensus DNA-binding site for the androgen receptor. , 1992, Molecular endocrinology.

[200]  E. Spinedi,et al.  Effects of gonadectomy and sex hormone therapy on the endotoxin-stimulated hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis: evidence for a neuroendocrine-immunological sexual dimorphism. , 1992, Endocrinology.

[201]  R. Lahita.  The Effects of Sex Hormones on the Immune System in Pregnancy , 1992, American journal of reproductive immunology.

[202]  A. Maslow,et al.  Multiple sclerosis in pregnancy: a review. , 1992, Obstetrical & gynecological survey.

[203]  O. Abramsky,et al.  Effect of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis on pregnancy: studies in rabbits and rats. , 1991, Israel journal of medical sciences.

[204]  R. Rudick,et al.  The clinical course of multiple sclerosis during pregnancy and the puerperium. , 1990, Archives of neurology.

[205]  W. Stimson,et al.  Oestrogen Receptors in Macrophages , 1990, Scandinavian journal of immunology.

[206]  S. Ahmed,et al.  Sex hormones and the immune system--Part 2. Animal data. , 1990, Bailliere's clinical rheumatology.

[207]  A. Schuurs,et al.  Effects of gender and sex steroids on the immune response. , 1990, Journal of steroid biochemistry.

[208]  L. Klareskog,et al.  Oestrogen induced suppression of collagen arthritis: I. Long term oestradiol treatment of DBA/1 mice reduces severity and incidence of arthritis and decreases the anti type II collagen immune response. , 1987, Clinical and experimental immunology.

[209]  H. Ovadia,et al.  Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: Passive transfer of resistance during lactation , 1986, Journal of Neuroimmunology.

[210]  S. Ansar Ahmed,et al.  Sex hormones, immune responses, and autoimmune diseases. Mechanisms of sex hormone action. , 1985, The American journal of pathology.

[211]  S. Yagel,et al.  The effect of estradiol on human myelomonocytic cells. 1. Enhancement of colony formation. , 1985, Journal of reproductive immunology.

[212]  J. Baley,et al.  Mechanisms of diminished natural killer cell activity in pregnant women and neonates. , 1985, Journal of immunology.

[213]  V. Rumjanek,et al.  Pregnancy and the susceptibility of Lewis rats to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis , 1985, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.

[214]  K. Itoh,et al.  Changes in NK cell activity during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in mice. , 1984, Journal of reproductive immunology.

[215]  M. Blank,et al.  Studies of natural killer cells in pregnancy. II. The immunoregulatory effect of pregnancy substances. , 1984, Journal of clinical & laboratory immunology.

[216]  C. Grossman.  Regulation of the immune system by sex steroids. , 1984, Endocrine reviews.

[217]  O. Abramsky,et al.  Suppressive Effect of Pregnancy on the Development of Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis in Rabbits , 1984, American journal of reproductive immunology : AJRI : official journal of the American Society for the Immunology of Reproduction and the International Coordination Committee for Immunology of Reproduction.

[218]  S. Segal,et al.  Sex-associated differences in the regulation of immune responses controlled by the MHC of the mouse. , 1984, Journal of immunology.

[219]  J. Monier,et al.  Specific estrogen binding sites in human lymphoid cells and thymic cells. , 1983, Journal of steroid biochemistry.

[220]  G. Boorman,et al.  The effect of adult exposure to diethylstilbestrol in the mouse on macrophage function and numbers. , 1980, Journal of the Reticuloendothelial Society.

[221]  A. B. Keith.  Effect of pregnancy on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in guinea pigs and rats , 1978, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.

[222]  B. Vernon‐roberts,et al.  OESTROGEN: THE NATURAL STIMULANT OF BODY DEFENCE. , 1964, The Journal of endocrinology.

[223]  W. S. Baker.  Multiple sclerosis complicating pregnancy. , 1952, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[224]  L. Douglass,et al.  Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis. , 1948, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[225]  M. Radwan,et al.  The role of T-regulatory cells in pregnancy and cancer. , 2008, Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library.

[226]  I. Marriott,et al.  Sexual dimorphism in innate immune responses to infectious organisms , 2006, Immunologic research.

[227]  S. Kovats,et al.  Understanding sex biases in immunity , 2005, Immunologic research.

[228]  K. Dhingra,et al.  Nuclear Receptor Superfamily , 2004 .

[229]  N. Olsen,et al.  Effects of androgens on T and B lymphocyte development , 2001, Immunologic research.

[230]  A. Ghezzi,et al.  The prognostic value of age, gender, pregnancy and endocrine factors in multiple sclerosis , 2000, Neurological Sciences.

[231]  A. Konno,et al.  Effect of female hormones on the production of IL-4 and IL-13 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. , 1998, Acta oto-laryngologica. Supplementum.

[232]  J. Bijlsma.  Do sex hormones modulate symptoms of inflammatory joint disease? , 1998, Scandinavian journal of rheumatology. Supplement.

[233]  R J Walter,et al.  Steroid sex hormones regulate the release of tumor necrosis factor by macrophages. , 1995, Cellular immunology.

[234]  Guy Hoffman,et al.  Estradiol enhances leukocyte binding to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-stimulated endothelial cells via an increase in TNF-induced adhesion molecules E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule type 1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule type 1. , 1994, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[235]  N. Olsen,et al.  Induction of immature thymocyte proliferation after castration of normal male mice. , 1994, Endocrinology.

[236]  O. Abramsky.  Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis , 1994, Annals of neurology.

[237]  P. Nieuwenhuis,et al.  Suppression of acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by the synthetic sex hormone 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol: an immunological study in the Lewis rat. , 1993, International archives of allergy and immunology.

[238]  L. Steinman,et al.  The T lymphocyte in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. , 1990, Annual review of immunology.

[239]  R. Coffman,et al.  TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties. , 1989, Annual review of immunology.

[240]  G. Lenoir,et al.  Distribution of androgen and estrogen receptors among lymphoid and haemopoietic cell lines. , 1985, Leukemia research.