The Emergence of Entrepreneurship Policy: Governance, Start-Ups, and Growth in the U.S. Knowledge Economy

Part I. The Entrepreneurial Society: What's Governance Got to Do With It?: 1. Entrepreneurship policy: what it is and where it came from David M. Hart 2. Entrepreneurship policy and the strategic management of places David B. Audretsch 3. Entrepreneurship, creativity, and regional economic growth Richard Florida Part II. High-Tech Entrepreneurship: The University-Industry-Government Connection: 4. Start-ups and spin-offs: collective entrepreneurship between invention and innovation Philip E. Auerswald and Lewis M. Branscomb 5. Entrepreneurship and American research universities: evolution in technology transfer Maryann P. Feldman 6. America's entrepreneurial universities Nathan Rosenberg Part III. Equity Issues in Entrepreneurship Policy: 7. Venture capital access: is gender an issue? Candida G. Brush, Nancy M. Carter, Elizabeth Gatewood, Patricia G. Greene and Myra M. Hart 8. Minority business assistance programs are not designed to produce minority business development Timothy Bates Part IV. Sector-Specific Issues: 9. Understanding entrepreneurship in the U.S. biotechnology industry: characteristics, facilitating factors, and policy challenges Andrew A. Toole 10. E-Commerce, entrepreneurship, and the law: reassessing a relationship Viktor Mayer-Schoenberger 11. Entrepreneurship and government in telecommunications Eli M. Noam Part V. Implementing Entrepreneurship Policy: 12. Knowledge, power, and entrepreneurs: a first pass at the politics of entrepreneurship policy David M. Hart 13. Entrepreneurship as a state and local economic development strategy Erik R. Pages, Doris Freedman and Patrick Von Bargen Afterword Michael E. Porter.

[1]  Lars G. Bjork,et al.  Minorities in Higher Education , 1994 .

[2]  Howard E. Aldrich,et al.  Fools Rush in? The Institutional Context of Industry Creation , 1994 .

[3]  A. Isserman.  State Economic Development Policy and Practice in the United States: A Survey Article , 1993 .

[4]  J. P. Lane.  Understanding Technology Transfer , 1999 .

[5]  Murray B. Low,et al.  Entrepreneurship: Past Research and Future Challenges , 1988 .

[6]  Roy Thurik,et al.  Economic Development and Business Ownership: An Analysis Using Data of 23 OECD Countries in the Period 1976–1996 , 2002 .

[7]  Robert J. Robinson,et al.  Angel investing : matching start-up funds with start-up companies : the guide for entrepreneurs, individual investors, and venture capitalists , 2000 .

[8]  Hal R. Varian,et al.  Information rules - a strategic guide to the network economy , 1999 .

[9]  F. Scherer.  New Perspectives on Economic Growth and Technological Innovation , 1999 .

[10]  R. Miranda,et al.  From Boosterism to Qualitative Growth , 1995 .

[11]  Scott D. Schuh,et al.  Job Creation and Destruction , 1997 .

[12]  Thomas F. Hellmann,et al.  The Allocation of Control Rights in Venture Capital Contracts , 1998 .

[13]  Concentration in the Venture Capital Industry , 2000 .

[14]  Wilbur R. Maki,et al.  Explaining regional variation in business births and deaths: U.S. 1976–88 , 1995 .

[15]  Maryann P. Feldman,et al.  The Entrepreneurial Spark: Individual Agents and the Formation of Innovative Clusters , 2002 .

[16]  Paul A. Gompers,et al.  Short-Term America Revisited? Boom and Bust in the Venture Capital Industry and the Impact on Innovation , 2003, Innovation Policy and the Economy.

[17]  Rebecca S. Lowen,et al.  Creating the Cold War University: The Transformation of Stanford , 1997 .

[18]  Richard R. Nelson,et al.  Capitalism as an engine of progress , 1990 .

[19]  Timothy Bates.  Why do Minority Business Development Programs Generate so Little Minority Business Development? , 1995 .

[20]  Nathan Rosenberg,et al.  Sources of Industrial Leadership: Diagnostic Devices: An Analysis of Comparative Advantages , 1999 .

[21]  Karl L Wildes,et al.  Developments at MIT. (Book Reviews: A Century of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at MIT, 1882-1982) , 1985 .

[22]  Howard E. Aldrich,et al.  Networking Among Women Entrepreneurs , 1989 .

[23]  Timothy Bates,et al.  Financing Black Economic Development. , 1980 .

[24]  Rolf Sternberg,et al.  Technology policies and the growth of regions: Evidence from four countries , 1996 .

[25]  R. Zeckhauser.  The challenge of contracting for technological information. , 1996, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[26]  Theodore J. Lowi,et al.  American Business, Public Policy, Case-Studies, and Political Theory , 1964 .

[27]  John H. Friar,et al.  The emergence of technology strategy , 1985 .

[28]  J. Henderson,et al.  Efficiency of resource usage and city size , 1986 .

[29]  Margaret Dewar.  Why State and Local Economic Development Programs Cause so Little Economic Development , 1998 .

[30]  A. Zimbalist,et al.  Baseball and Billions: A Probing Look inside the Big Business of Our National Pastime , 1992 .

[31]  J M Reichert,et al.  New biopharmaceuticals in the USA: trends in development and marketing approvals 1995-1999. , 2000, Trends in biotechnology.

[32]  Timothy Bates.  SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION LOAN PROGRAMS , 1980 .

[33]  Timothy Bates,et al.  Minority Business Access to Mainstream Markets , 2001 .

[34]  R. Noll,et al.  Sports, jobs, and taxes : the economic impact of sports teams and stadiums , 1998 .

[35]  Martha Prevezer,et al.  The Dynamics of Industrial Clustering in Biotechnology , 1997 .

[36]  Maryann P. Feldman,et al.  Knowledge complementarity and innovation , 1994 .

[37]  Marilyn L. Kourilsky,et al.  The e generation : prepared for the entrepreneurial economy? , 2000 .

[38]  Charles P. Kindleberger,et al.  The Multinational Corporation in the 1980s , 1983 .

[39]  B. Rosen,et al.  Bank Loan Officers' Perceptions of the Characteristics of Men, Women and Successful Entrepreneurs. , 1988 .

[40]  Eli M. Noam,et al.  Interconnecting the Network of Networks , 2001 .

[41]  V. Mayer-Schönberger.  The International Lawyer in Times of Cyberspace , 2000 .

[42]  Irwin Feller,et al.  Federal and State Government Roles in Science and Technology , 1997 .

[43]  D. Harhoff,et al.  Technology policy for a world of skew-distributed outcomes , 2000 .

[44]  Rae André.  A National Study of Economic Development Organizations at the State Level: The Key Organizations, their Industrial Constituencies, and their Networks , 1994 .

[45]  R. Sternberg.  Handbook of Creativity: Subject Index , 1998 .

[46]  S. Birley.  The Role of Networks in the Entrepreneurial Process , 1985 .

[47]  R. Butler,et al.  Strategy and strategic choice: The case of telecommunications , 1986 .

[48]  Carliss Y. Baldwin,et al.  Managing in an age of modularity. , 1997, Harvard business review.

[49]  Jeffrey Sohl,et al.  The early-stage equity market in the USA , 1999 .

[50]  M. Porter.  The Competitive Advantage Of Nations , 1990 .

[51]  Janet Bercovitz,et al.  Organizational Structure as a Determinant of Academic Patent and Licensing Behavior: An Exploratory Study of Duke, Johns Hopkins, and Pennsylvania State Universities , 2001 .

[52]  Maryann Feldman,et al.  Special Issue on University Entrepreneurship and Technology Transfer: Equity and the Technology Transfer Strategies of American Research Universities , 2002, Manag. Sci..

[53]  A. Bhide.  The Origin and Evolution of New Businesses , 2000 .

[54]  M. Feldman,et al.  Innovation in Cities: Science-Based Diversity, Specialization and Localized Competition , 1999 .

[55]  A. Riding,et al.  Gender, Structural Factors, and Credit Terms between Canadian Small Businesses and Financial Institutions , 1995 .

[56]  W. Beyers.  Services and the New Economy: elements of a research agenda , 2002 .

[57]  H. Molotch,et al.  Urban Fortunes: The Political Economy of Place , 1987 .

[58]  Maryann P. Feldman,et al.  R&D spillovers and recipient firm size , 1994 .

[59]  D. Audretsch.  Innovation and Industry Evolution , 1995 .

[60]  Michael Moran.  The Politics of the Financial Services Revolution , 1991 .

[61]  Patricia E. Beeson,et al.  The Effects of Colleges and Universities on Local Labor Markets , 1990 .

[62]  David J. Teece,et al.  Joint Ventures and Collaboration in the Biotechnology Industry , 1988 .

[63]  Stanley E. Pratt.  Guide to venture capital sources , 1982 .

[64]  Peter Elisinger,et al.  State Economic Development in the 1990s: Politics and Policy Learning , 1995 .

[65]  R. Gorman,et al.  The Law of Multistate Problems , 1966 .

[66]  Scott J. Wallsten,et al.  Rethinking the Small Business Innovation Research Program , 1999 .

[67]  Albert N. Link,et al.  The Growth of Research Triangle Park , 2003 .

[68]  Y. Harayama.  Relationship between Stanford University and Silicon Valley industry , 1998 .

[69]  Maryann P. Feldman,et al.  Truth for Its Own Sake: Academic Culture and Technology Transfer at Johns Hopkins University , 2004 .

[70]  Mary Jo Waits,et al.  The Added Value of the Industry Cluster Approach to Economic Analysis, Strategy Development, and Service Delivery , 2000 .

[71]  Aldo Geuna,et al.  The Economics of Knowledge Production: Funding and the Structure of University Research , 1999 .

[72]  R. Nelson,et al.  American Universities and Technical Advance in Industry , 1994 .

[73]  W. Powell,et al.  Interorganizational Collaboration and the Locus of Innovation: Networks of Learning in Biotechnology. , 1996 .

[74]  Patricia H. Thornton.  THE SOCIOLOGY OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP , 1999 .

[75]  AnnaLee Saxenian,et al.  Regional Networks and the Resurgence of Silicon Valley , 1990 .

[76]  Z. Ács,et al.  Innovation and Small Firms , 1990 .

[77]  A. Blaustein.  The star-spangled hustle , 1972 .

[78]  Prescott C. Ensign,et al.  New Venture Creation , 1994 .

[79]  Edward L. Glaeser,et al.  Are Cities Dying , 1998 .

[80]  Michel Morange.  A history of molecular biology , 1998 .

[81]  Philip Cooke,et al.  Small Firms, Social Capital and the Enhancement of Business Performance Through Innovation Programmes , 1999 .

[82]  L. Zucker,et al.  Star scientists and institutional transformation: patterns of invention and innovation in the formation of the biotechnology industry. , 1996, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[83]  T. Ruefli,et al.  Technological innovation as a gateway to entry: The case of the telecommunications equipment industry , 1992 .

[84]  Jessica Litman.  Digital Copyright , 2017 .

[85]  Paul D. Reynolds,et al.  Discontinuance among new firms in retail: The influence of initial resources, strategy, and gender , 1997 .

[86]  Morton I. Kamien,et al.  Market Structure and Innovation: A Survey , 1975 .

[87]  Maryann P. Feldman,et al.  The University and Economic Development: The Case of Johns Hopkins University and Baltimore , 1994 .

[88]  P. Krugman.  Geography and Trade , 1992 .

[89]  Paulina Borsook,et al.  Cyberselfish: A Critical Romp through the Terribly Libertarian Culture of High Tech , 2000 .

[90]  C. I. Jones,et al.  Measuring the Social Return to R&D , 1997 .

[91]  Heather A. Haveman.  Between a rock and a hard place: Organizational change and performance under conditions of fundamental environmental transformation , 1992 .

[92]  Nathan Rosenberg,et al.  Exploring the black box: Telecommunications: complex, uncertain, and path dependent , 1994 .

[93]  I. Light,et al.  Ethnic Enterprise in America , 1974 .

[94]  James M. Utterback,et al.  Mastering the Dynamics of Innovation: How Companies Can Seize Opportunities in the Face of Technological Change , 1994 .

[95]  J. Jacobs,et al.  The Economy of Cities , 1969 .

[96]  Frederic M. Scherer.  International high-technology competition , 1992 .

[97]  Martha Prevezer,et al.  Ingredients in the Early Development of the U.S. Biotechnology Industry , 2001 .

[98]  R. Kargon,et al.  Selling Silicon Valley: Frederick Terman's Model for Regional Advantage , 1996, Business History Review.

[99]  M. Feldman,et al.  How States Augment the Capabilities of Technology–Pioneering Firms , 2002 .

[100]  Frieeland Judson Horace.  The eighth day of creation , 1979 .

[101]  Lisa J. Servon,et al.  MICROENTERPRISE AS AN EXIT ROUTE FROM POVERTY:* RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PROGRAMS AND POLICY MAKERS , 1998 .

[102]  Timothy Bates.  Government as Venture Capital Catalyst: Pitfalls and Promising Approaches , 2002 .

[103]  Lawrence Lessig,et al.  The future of ideas - the fate of the commons in a connected world , 2002 .

[104]  R D Apple,et al.  Patenting University Research: Harry Steenbock and the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation , 1989, Isis.

[105]  D. Hambrick.  High Profit Strategies in Mature Capital Goods Industries: A Contingency Approach , 1983 .

[106]  Z. Ács,et al.  The New American Evolution , 1999 .

[107]  Michael R. Darby,et al.  GEOGRAPHICALLY LOCALIZED KNOWLEDGE: SPILLOVERS OR MARKETS? , 1998 .

[108]  H. Herzog.  Who Benefits from State and Local Economic Development Policies , 1992 .

[109]  Michael L. Tushman,et al.  Navigating Change: How CEO's, Top Teams and Boards Steer Transformation , 1998 .

[110]  P. T. Spiller,et al.  The Frontier of Telecommunications Deregulation: Small Countries Leading the Pack , 1997 .

[111]  G. Myrdal,et al.  An American Dilemma , 1962 .

[112]  John Medearis.  Joseph Schumpeter's Two Theories of Democracy , 2001 .

[113]  W. Whyte.  The Organization Man , 1957, American Social Character.

[114]  Daniel J. Brass.  Men's and Women's Networks: A Study of Interaction Patterns and Influence In an Organization , 1985 .

[115]  J. Jacobs.  Cities and the wealth of nations , 1984 .

[116]  Kathleen R. Allen,et al.  Size determinants of women-owned businesses: choice or barriers to resources? , 1997 .

[117]  Goldie Blumenstyk.  Turning Patent Royalties into a Sure Thing. , 2001 .

[118]  David B. Audretsch,et al.  The Role of Small Firms in U.S. Biotechnology Clusters , 2001 .

[119]  K. Arrow.  Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Invention , 1962 .

[120]  E. Mosakowski.  Organizational boundaries and economic performance: An empirical study of entrepreneurial computer firms , 1991 .

[121]  A. Markusen.  Sticky Places in Slippery Space: A Typology of Industrial Districts* , 1996 .

[122]  G. Pascal Zachary,et al.  The Global Me: New Cosmopolitans and the Competitive Edge: Picking Globalism's Winners and Losers , 2000 .

[123]  Henry Etzkowitz,et al.  The Second Academic Revolution: The Role of the Research University in Economic Development , 1990 .

[124]  Daniel A. Levinthal,et al.  Innovation and Learning: The Two Faces of R&D , 1989 .

[125]  J. S. Butler,et al.  Race, self-employment, and upward mobility , 1997 .

[126]  E. Hippel.  Sticky Information and the Locus of Problem Solving: Implications for Innovation , 1994 .

[127]  A. Link.  A generosity of spirit , 1995 .

[128]  J. Henderson,et al.  Externalities and Industrial Development , 1994 .

[129]  M. Heller.  A Property Theory Perspective on Russian Enterprise Reform , 2001 .

[130]  Edwin Mansfield,et al.  Academic research and industrial innovation , 1991 .

[131]  Zvi Griliches,et al.  Issues in Assessing the Contribution of Research and Development to Productivity Growth , 1979 .

[132]  Clayton M. Christensen.  The Innovator's Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail , 2013 .

[133]  Pontus Braunerhjelm,et al.  Industry Clusters in Ohio and Sweden, 1975--1995 , 1999 .

[134]  M. Fritsch.  New Firms and Regional Employment Change , 1997 .

[135]  Don Tapscott,et al.  The Digital Economy: Promise and Peril in the Age of Networked Intelligence , 2003 .

[136]  R. Florida.  The Rise of the Creative Class : And How It's Transforming Work, Leisure, Community and Everyday Life , 2003 .

[137]  Timothy Bates.  Financing the Development of Urban Minority Communities: Lessons of History , 2000 .

[138]  J. Brüderl,et al.  Survival Chances of Newly Founded Business Organizations , 1992 .

[139]  W. Edward Steinmueller,et al.  The evolution of competitive advantage in the worldwide semiconductor industry 1947-1996 , 1999 .

[140]  M. Feldman,et al.  R&D spillovers and the ge-ography of innovation and production , 1996 .

[141]  Wilbur Richard Thompson,et al.  A preface to urban economics , 1965 .

[142]  Sara Miles.  How to Hack a Party Line: The Democrats and Silicon Valley , 2001 .

[143]  Charles W Wessner.  Capitalizing on new needs and new opportunities : government-industry partnerships in biotechnology and information technologies , 2001 .

[144]  D. Audretsch,et al.  Entrepreneurship and Innovation , 2005 .

[145]  Philip E. Auerswald,et al.  Between Invention and Innovation An Analysis of Funding for Early-Stage Technology Development , 2002 .

[146]  R. Posner.  The Robinson-Patman Act: Federal Regulation of Price Differences , 1976 .

[147]  A. Jaffe.  Real Effects of Academic Research , 1989 .

[148]  B. Kogut,et al.  The Exploration of Technological Diversity and the Geographic Localization of Innovation , 1997 .

[149]  Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo.  Privacy on the Line: The Politics of Wiretapping and Encryption, Updated and Expanded Edition , 2008, The Computer Journal.

[150]  Joel Kotkin,et al.  The New Geography: How the Digital Revolution Is Reshaping the American Landscape , 2000 .

[151]  David M. Hart,et al.  Antitrust and technological innovation in the US: ideas, institutions, decisions, and impacts, 1890–2000 , 2001 .

[152]  J. Hicks,et al.  The economics of science , 1996 .

[153]  Henry. Wasser,et al.  Creating Entrepreneurial Universities , 2001 .

[154]  David C. Mowery,et al.  Paths of Innovation: The Institutionalization of Innovation, 1900–90 , 1998 .

[155]  Paul A. Gompers,et al.  The venture capital cycle , 1999 .

[156]  Pamela Samuelson,et al.  The Copyright Grab , 1996 .

[157]  Paula E. Stephan,et al.  Company-Scientist Locational Links: The Case of Biotechnology , 1996 .

[158]  Timothy F. Bresnahan,et al.  Industrial Dynamics and the Evolution of Firms' and Nations' Competitive Capabilities in the World Computer Industry , 1997 .

[159]  Rebecca Zacks.  The TR university research scorecard , 2000 .

[160]  M. Dowling,et al.  Business and technology strategies and new venture performance: a study of the telecommunications equipment industry , 1994 .

[161]  Albert O. Hirschman,et al.  Exit, Voice, and Loyalty , 1970 .

[162]  A. Schipke.  Why Do Governments Divest , 2001 .

[163]  Paula E. Stephan,et al.  Research Productivity over the Life Cycle: Evidence for Academic Scientists , 1991 .

[164]  M. Olson,et al.  The Logic of Collective Action , 1965 .

[165]  Glenn R. Carroll,et al.  A stochastic model of organizational mortality: Review and reanalysis☆ , 1983 .

[166]  M. Carree.  Does Unemployment Affect the Number of Establishments? A Regional Analysis for US States , 2002 .

[167]  A. Riding,et al.  Women business owners and terms of credit: Some empirical findings of the Canadian experience , 1990 .

[168]  M. Good.  New Alliance Targets Funding Shortfall , 2001 .

[169]  Ari Kuncoro,et al.  Industrial Development in Cities , 1992, Journal of Political Economy.

[170]  M. Porter.  Location, Competition, and Economic Development: Local Clusters in a Global Economy , 2000 .

[171]  Richard R. Nelson,et al.  Observations on the Post-Bayh-Dole Rise of Patenting at American Universities , 2001 .

[172]  P. Romer.  Endogenous Technological Change , 1989, Journal of Political Economy.

[173]  T. Clark,et al.  The city as an entertainment machine , 2001 .

[174]  William G. Roy,et al.  Socializing Capital: The Rise of the Large Industrial Corporation in America , 1997 .

[175]  S. Clarke,et al.  MOVING TOWARD ENTREPRENEURIAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT POLICIES: OPPORTUNITIES AND BARRIERS1 , 1989 .

[176]  M. Cimoli,et al.  Technology, growth and development , 2000 .

[177]  Maryann P. Feldman,et al.  The Geographic Sources of Innovation: Technological Infrastructure and Product Innovation in the United States , 1994 .

[178]  D. Audretsch.  Agglomeration and the location of innovative activity , 1998 .

[179]  S. Klepper.  Entry, Exit, Growth, and Innovation over the Product Life Cycle , 1996 .

[180]  R. Nelson.  National Innovation Systems: A Comparative Analysis , 1993 .

[181]  R. Lucas.  On the Mechanics of Economic Development , 1988 .

[182]  John M. Quigley,et al.  Urban Diversity and Economic Growth , 2012 .

[183]  W. Swap,et al.  Gurus in the garage. , 2000, Harvard business review.

[184]  Glenn P. Hendrix.  The Experience of Foreign Litigants in Russia's Commercial Courts , 1999 .

[185]  S. Shane,et al.  The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research , 2000 .

[186]  Ben R. Martin,et al.  Investing in the Future , 1990 .

[187]  Stuart W. Leslie,et al.  Regional Disadvantage: Replicating Silicon Valley in New York's Capital Region , 2001 .

[188]  J. Bound,et al.  IMPLICATIONS OF SKILL-BIASED TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE: INTERNATIONAL EVIDENCE* ELI BERMAN , 1998 .

[189]  Z. Griliches.  The Search for R&D Spillovers , 1991 .

[190]  I. Osborne,et al.  Ruling the Waves , 2002, Science.

[191]  David A. Hounshell,et al.  The nature, sources, and consequences of firm differences in the early history of the semiconductor industry , 2000 .

[192]  Ernest Braun,et al.  The Semiconductor Industry. (Book Reviews: Revolution in Miniature. The History and Impact of Semiconductor Electronics) , 1978 .

[193]  R. Nelson.  The Simple Economics of Basic Scientific Research , 1959, Journal of Political Economy.

[194]  R. S. Cooper.  Purpose and Performance of the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program , 2003 .

[195]  AnnaLee Saxenian,et al.  Silicon Valley's New Immigrant Entrepreneurs , 1999 .

[196]  Irwin Feller,et al.  Universities as engines of R&D-based economic growth: They think they can , 1990 .

[197]  Paul D. Reynolds,et al.  National panel study of U.S. business startups: Background and methodology , 2001 .

[198]  Steven Klepper,et al.  Entry by Spinoffs , 2005, Manag. Sci..

[199]  R. H. Keniston,et al.  AN ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES. , 1900, Science.

[200]  Nathan Rosenberg,et al.  How the West Grew Rich , 1985 .

[201]  Lowell J. Taylor,et al.  Demographics of the gay and lesbian population in the United States: Evidence from available systematic data sources , 2011, Demography.

[202]  J. Schumpeter.  The Creative Response in Economic History , 1947, The Journal of Economic History.

[203]  G. Saint‐Paul.  The Rise and Persistence of Rigidities , 1997 .

[204]  K. Haynes,et al.  Small Business Entrepreneurship in the High Technology Services Sector: An Assessment for the Edge Cities of the U.S. National Capital Region , 1998 .

[205]  M. Castells,et al.  Technopoles of the World. The Making of 21st Century Industrial Complexes , 1995 .

[206]  L. Feldman.  Societal Adaptation: A New Challenge for Marketing , 1971 .

[207]  Laura Galloway,et al.  Global Entrepreneurship Monitor , 2002 .

[208]  Joel Mokyr,et al.  The Lever of Riches: Technological Creativity and Economic Progress , 1991 .

[209]  R. Triendl.  France Acts to Spur Tech Entrepreneurship , 1999 .

[210]  Robert H. Bork,et al.  The Antitrust Paradox: A Policy at War with Itself , 1978 .

[211]  J. Jacobs.  The Death and Life of Great American Cities , 1962 .

[212]  Henry S. Rowen,et al.  The Silicon Valley Edge: A Habitat for Innovation and Entrepreneurship , 2000 .

[213]  A. Venables.  Localization of industry and trade performance , 1996 .

[214]  Philip M. Marcus,et al.  The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business , 1979 .

[215]  Thomas D. Boston.  Affirmative Action and Black Entrepreneurship , 1998 .

[216]  Amy K. Glasmeier,et al.  Technological discontinuities and flexible production networks: The case of Switzerland and the world watch industry * , 1991 .

[217]  Séamus Sweeney.  The new New Thing Malcolm Gladwell The tipping point: ho , 2001, The Lancet.

[218]  Board on Neuroscience.  Stem cells and the future of regenerative medicine , 2002 .

[219]  D. Audretsch,et al.  Capitalism and democracy in the 21st Century: from the managed to the entrepreneurial economy* , 2000 .

[220]  Bruce D. Meyer,et al.  Tax Policy and Entrepreneurial Entry , 2000 .

[221]  Economic development policy in the 1990s-are state economic development agencies ready? , 1993 .

[222]  M. Carree,et al.  Industrial structure and economic growth , 1999 .

[223]  D. North,et al.  Economic performance through time , 2012 .

[224]  J. Gavacs.  FREE TO SUCCEED , 1999 .

[225]  David C. Mowery,et al.  SPINNING OFF AND SPINNING ON(?) : THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE US COMPUTER SOFTWARE INDUSTRY , 1996 .

[226]  D. Riesman,et al.  The Lonely Crowd. , 1951 .

[227]  Mary R. Anderson-Rowland,et al.  Women In Engineering Scholars Program , 1998 .

[228]  M. Wells.  Internet Business Method Patent Policy , 2001 .

[229]  Stuart W. Leslie,et al.  The Cold War and American science , 1994 .

[230]  Charles H. Ferguson,et al.  High Stakes, No Prisoners: A Winner's Tale of Greed and Glory in the Internet Wars , 1999 .

[231]  Johan P. Olsen,et al.  The New Institutionalism: Organizational Factors in Political Life , 1983, American Political Science Review.

[232]  E. Glaeser,et al.  Growth in Cities , 1991, Journal of Political Economy.

[233]  P. Cappelli.  The new deal at work , 1999 .

[234]  J. Logan,et al.  The Character and Consequences of Growth Regimes , 1997 .

[235]  D. Shepherd,et al.  Attracting Equity Investors: Positioning, Preparing, and Presenting the Business Plan , 1998 .

[236]  C. Koop.  Report of the Surgeon General's Workshop on Organ Procurement: Liver Transplantation--NIH Consensus Development Conference at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD , 1983 .

[237]  K. R. Harrigan.  Joint ventures and competitive strategy , 1988 .

[238]  Ken S. Cavalluzzo,et al.  Market Structure and Discrimination: The Case of Small Businesses , 1998 .

[239]  Maryann P. Feldman.  The geography of innovation , 1994 .

[240]  S. Hansen,et al.  The rise of the entrepreneurial state , 1988 .

[241]  P. Haug.  Formation of Biotechnology Firms in the Greater Seattle Region: An Empirical Investigation of Entrepreneurial, Financial, and Educational Perspectives , 1995 .

[242]  A. Chirikova,et al.  Women in Business , 1997 .

[243]  Maryann P. Feldman,et al.  Closing the innovative loop: moving from the laboratory to the shop floor in biotechnology manufacturing , 2001 .

[244]  W. Diebold,et al.  The Second Industrial Divide , 1985 .

[245]  M. Good.  One Point of View: New Alliance Targets Funding Shortfall , 2001 .