Prototype of the 3D Cadastral System Based on a NoSQL Database and a JavaScript Visualization Application

3D cadastral systems are more complex than traditional cadastral systems and they require more complex technical solutions and innovative use of developing technologies. Regarding data integrity and data consistency, 3D cadastral data should be maintained by a Database Management System (DBMS). Furthermore, there are still challenges regarding visualization of 3D cadastral data. A prototype of the 3D cadastral system based on a NoSQL database and a JavaScript application for 3D visualization is designed and tested in order to investigate the possibilities of using new technical solutions. It is assumed that this approach, with further development, could be a good basis for the development of a modern 3D cadastral system. MongoDB database is used for storing data and Cesium JavaScript library is used for 3D visualization. The system uses an LADM (Land Administration Domain Model) based data model. Additionally, script languages, libraries, application programming interfaces (APIs), software and data formats are used for the system development. The case study is based on the real cadastral data. The underground object and building units located below and above the ground level are used to test the proposed data model and the system’s functionality. The proposed system needs further development in order to provide full support to a modern 3D cadastral system. However, it allows maintenance of 3D cadastral data and basic 3D visualization with the interactive approach.

[1]  Peter van Oosterom,et al.  Introduction to the Special Issue: "Research and Development Progress in 3D Cadastral Systems" , 2018, ISPRS Int. J. Geo Inf..

[2]  Abbas Rajabifard,et al.  Towards integration of 3D legal and physical objects in cadastral data models , 2013 .

[3]  Syed Monjur Murshed,et al.  Design and Implementation of a 4D Web Application for Analytical Visualization of Smart City Applications , 2018, ISPRS Int. J. Geo Inf..

[4]  Sisi Zlatanova,et al.  3D Cadastres Best Practices, Chapter 4: 3D Spatial DBMS for 3D Cadastres , 2018 .

[5]  B. Bajat,et al.  Developing Serbian 3D Cadastre System - Challenges and Directions , 2018 .

[6]  G. Navratil.  Cadastral Boundaries: Benefits of Complexity , 2011 .

[7]  I. Giannopoulos,et al.  From Floor Plans to Condominium Rights Through an Augmented Reality Approach , 2018 .

[8]  Abbas Rajabifard,et al.  Geometrical data validation in 3D digital cadastre − A case study for Victoria, Australia , 2017 .

[9]  Hua Zhao,et al.  3D Cadastral Data Model Based on Conformal Geometry Algebra , 2016, ISPRS Int. J. Geo Inf..

[10]  Abbas Rajabifard,et al.  Visualization requirements for 3D cadastral systems , 2013, Comput. Environ. Urban Syst..

[11]  P.J.M. van Oosterom,et al.  The modelling of spatial units (parcels) in the land administration domain model (LADM) , 2010 .

[12]  Rohan Mark Bennett,et al.  Transformations, transitions, or tall tales? A global review of the uptake and impact of NoSQL, blockchain, and big data analytics on the land administration sector , 2019, Land Use Policy.

[13]  Abbas Rajabifard,et al.  Design and Development of a 3D Digital Cadastre Visualization Prototype , 2018, ISPRS Int. J. Geo Inf..

[14]  Jantien Stoter,et al.  Incorporating 3D geo-objects into a 2D geo-DBMS , 2002 .

[15]  Peter van Oosterom,et al.  LandXML Encoding of Mixed 2D and 3D Survey Plans with Multi-Level Topology , 2017, ISPRS Int. J. Geo Inf..

[16]  D. G. Chandra,et al.  BASE analysis of NoSQL database , 2015 .

[17]  Jantien E. Stoter,et al.  Towards a 3D cadastre: where do cadastral needs and technical possibilities meet? , 2003, Comput. Environ. Urban Syst..

[18]  Liangfeng Zhu,et al.  Representing Time-Dynamic Geospatial Objects on Virtual Globes Using CZML - Part I: Overview and Key Issues , 2018, ISPRS Int. J. Geo Inf..

[19]  Liangfeng Zhu,et al.  Representing Time-Dynamic Geospatial Objects on Virtual Globes Using CZML - Part II: Impact, Comparison, and Future Developments , 2018, ISPRS Int. J. Geo Inf..

[20]  Peter van Oosterom,et al.  The Land Administration Domain Model (LADM): Motivation, standardisation, application and further development , 2015 .

[21]  Peter van Oosterom,et al.  Research and development in 3D cadastres , 2013, Comput. Environ. Urban Syst..

[22]  P.J.M. van Oosterom,et al.  Usability testing of a web-based 3D Cadastral visualization system , 2018 .

[23]  Ahmed Eldawy,et al.  Detecting skewness of big spatial data in SpatialHadoop , 2018, SIGSPATIAL/GIS.

[24]  Abbas Rajabifard,et al.  From IFC to 3D Tiles: An Integrated Open-Source Solution for Visualising BIMs on Cesium , 2018, ISPRS Int. J. Geo Inf..

[25]  Rohan Bennett,et al.  The land administration domain model , 2015 .

[26]  Gang Li,et al.  Characteristics and Classification of Topological Spatial Relations in 3-D Cadasters , 2018, Inf..

[27]  Martin Breunig,et al.  3D geo-database research: Retrospective and future directions , 2011, Comput. Geosci..

[28]  Giuseppe Pelagatti,et al.  Validation of spatial integrity constraints in city models , 2015, MobiGIS.