On the inseparability of grammar and the lexicon: Evidence from acquisition.

Within linguistic theory, many phenomena that were previously handled by a separate grammatical component have been moved into the lexicon; in some theories, the contrast between grammar and the lexicon has disappeared altogether. In a review of findings from language development, language breakdown and real-time processing, we conclude that the case for a modular distinction between grammar and the lexicon has been overstated, and that the evidence to date is compatible with a unified lexicalist account. Studies of normal children show that the emergence of grammar is highly dependent upon vocabulary size, a finding confirmed and extended in atypical populations. Studies of language breakdown in older children and adults provide no evidence for a modular dissociation between grammar and the lexicon; some structures are especially vulnerable to brain damage (e.g. function words, non-canonical word orders), but this vulnerability is also observed in neurologically intact individuals under perceptual degrad...

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