Clinical characteristics and pathophysiological mechanisms of focal and diffuse traumatic brain injury

•  Introduction •  Classifying TBI ‐  Clinical injury severity ‐  Focal injury or diffuse injury •  Clinical characteristics ‐  Coma, confusion and subacute impairments ‐  Imaging TBI ‐  Focal and diffuse TBI: separate entities? •  Pathophysiological mechanisms of focal injury ‐  The essentials: glutamate and Ca2+ •  Pathophysiological mechanisms of diffuse injury ‐  A heterogeneous cascade of changes ‐  After axonal disconnection •  Conclusions

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