Positive Psychology: Theory, Research and Applications

Preface Acknowledgements Guided Tour Introduction to Positive Psychology Understanding Emotions Happiness and Subjective Wellbeing across Nations Eudaimonic Wellbeing Optimism, Explanatory Style and Hope Resilience, Post-traumatic Growth and Positive Ageing Values, Motivation and Goal Theories Positive Psychological Interventions The Body in Positive Psychology Applying Positive Psychology Summing Up Positive Psychology References Index

[1]  B. Levy.  Stereotype Embodiment , 2009, Current directions in psychological science.

[2]  Alex H. S. Harris,et al.  Extending the influence of positive psychology interventions into health care settings: Lessons from self-efficacy and forgiveness , 2006 .

[3]  P. Linley.  Positive Adaptation to Trauma: Wisdom as Both Process and Outcome , 2003, Journal of traumatic stress.

[4]  C. Kauffman,et al.  Toward a Positive Psychology of Executive Coaching , 2012 .

[5]  A. Bandura,et al.  Developmental psychology : Bandura , Ross and Ross ( 1961 ) Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models , 2015 .

[6]  J. Fisher.  Tattooing the Body, Marking Culture , 2002 .

[7]  Anna Cycon,et al.  Future time perspective and subjective well-being in adolescent samples. , 2001 .

[8]  L. King,et al.  What makes a life good? , 1998, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[9]  A. Antonovsky.  The structure and properties of the sense of coherence scale. , 1993, Social science & medicine.

[10]  W. Rakowski,et al.  Stages of change and decisional balance for 12 problem behaviors. , 1994, Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association.

[11]  S. Joseph,et al.  Positive Therapy: A Meta-Theory for Positive Psychological Practice , 2006 .

[12]  T. Cook,et al.  Quasi-experimentation: Design & analysis issues for field settings , 1979 .

[13]  Andrew J. Oswald,et al.  Latent entrepreneurship across nations , 2001 .

[14]  R. Baumeister,et al.  Ego Depletion: A Resource Model of Volition, Self-Regulation, and Controlled Processing , 2000 .

[15]  B. Held.  The tyranny of the positive attitude in America: observation and speculation. , 2002, Journal of clinical psychology.

[16]  Jeff T. Larsen,et al.  The Agony of Victory and Thrill of Defeat , 2004, Psychological science.

[17]  G. Spreitzer,et al.  The Reflected Best Self field experiment with adolescent leaders: exploring the psychological resources associated with feedback source and valence , 2009 .

[18]  Martin D Slade,et al.  Longevity increased by positive self-perceptions of aging. , 2002, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[19]  H. Ohira,et al.  Psychological and physiological responses accompanying positive emotions elicited on seeing favorite persons , 2008 .

[20]  Marcus Buckingham,et al.  Now, Discover Your Strengths How to Develop Your Talents and Those of the People You Manage , 2005 .

[21]  M. Schluchter,et al.  Epidemiology of depressive symptoms in young adolescents. , 1989, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

[22]  A. Day,et al.  Faking emotional intelligence (EI): comparing response distortion on ability and trait‐based EI measures , 2008 .

[23]  Erich Fromm,et al.  To Have or to Be , 1976 .

[24]  Peggy Schyns,et al.  Crossnational Differences in Happiness: Economic and Cultural Factors Explored , 1998 .

[25]  J. Ciarrocchi,et al.  Gods or rituals? Relational faith, spiritual discontent, and religious practices as predictors of hope and optimism , 2008 .

[26]  H. Antonovsky,et al.  The development of a sense of coherence and its impact on responses to stress situations. , 1986, The Journal of social psychology.

[27]  M. Grealy,et al.  Post-traumatic growth and life threatening physical illness: a systematic review of the qualitative literature. , 2009, British journal of health psychology.

[28]  Sonja Lyubomirsky,et al.  The costs and benefits of writing, talking, and thinking about life's triumphs and defeats. , 2006, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[29]  A. King,et al.  Mediators of Increased Physical Activity and Change in Subjective Well-being: Results from the Activity Counseling Trial (ACT) , 2001, Journal of health psychology.

[30]  M. Fine,et al.  Feminist Transformations of/Despite Psychology , 1989 .

[31]  Timothy D. Wilson,et al.  Immune neglect: a source of durability bias in affective forecasting. , 1998, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[32]  B. Little,et al.  Personal projects, happiness, and meaning: on doing well and being yourself. , 1998, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[33]  L. Grivetti,et al.  Food of the gods: cure for humanity? A cultural history of the medicinal and ritual use of chocolate. , 2000, The Journal of nutrition.

[34]  B. Fredrickson,et al.  Happy People Become Happier through Kindness: A Counting Kindnesses Intervention , 2006, Journal of happiness studies.

[35]  M. Seligman.  Authentic Happiness: Using the New Positive Psychology to Realize Your Potential for Lasting Fulfillment , 2002 .

[36]  S. Shirk,et al.  The time course of positive and negative emotion in dysphoria , 2009, The journal of positive psychology.

[37]  R. Nozick.  Anarchy, State, and Utopia , 1975, Princeton Readings in Political Thought.

[38]  K. Light,et al.  More frequent partner hugs and higher oxytocin levels are linked to lower blood pressure and heart rate in premenopausal women , 2005, Biological Psychology.

[39]  J. Haidt.  The happiness hypothesis: Finding modern truth in ancient wisdom. , 2006 .

[40]  Michael W. Bridges,et al.  Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): a reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test. , 1994, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[41]  G. Williamson,et al.  Cocoa and health: a decade of research , 2007, British Journal of Nutrition.

[42]  A. Beck.  Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders , 1975 .

[43]  Angela L. Duckworth,et al.  Self-Discipline Outdoes IQ in Predicting Academic Performance of Adolescents , 2005, Psychological science.

[44]  A. Huth-Bocks,et al.  Tattoos and antisocial personality disorder , 2008 .

[45]  Michael H. Antoni,et al.  Finding benefit in breast cancer: Relations with personality, coping, and concurrent well-being , 2005 .

[46]  M. Amir,et al.  POSTTRAUMATIC GROWTH AMONG HOLOCAUST CHILD SURVIVORS , 2003 .

[47]  Ross B. Steinman,et al.  The single category implicit association test as a measure of implicit social cognition. , 2006, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[48]  Shelley E. Taylor,et al.  A Better World or a Shattered Vision? Changes in Life Perspectives Following Victimization , 1990 .

[49]  M. L. Smith,et al.  Factor structure of mental health measures. , 1996, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[50]  J. Rawlins,et al.  Deterioration of physical performance and cognitive function in rats with short‐term high‐fat feeding , 2009, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[51]  Sonja Lyubomirsky,et al.  How Do People Pursue Happiness?: Relating Personality, Happiness-Increasing Strategies, and Well-Being , 2006 .

[52]  J. Malouff,et al.  Characteristic emotional intelligence and emotional well-being , 2002 .

[53]  A. Glassman,et al.  Cigarette smoking and major depression. , 1998, Journal of addictive diseases.

[54]  C. Keyes,et al.  The structure of psychological well-being revisited. , 1995, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[55]  Jo-Ann Tsang,et al.  The grateful disposition: a conceptual and empirical topography. , 2002, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[56]  James O Prochaska,et al.  Stages of change. , 2011, Journal of clinical psychology.

[57]  Eva Kahana,et al.  13 – Environmental Continuity, Futurity, and Adaptation of the Aged , 1983 .

[58]  K. Light,et al.  Warm Partner Contact Is Related to Lower Cardiovascular Reactivity , 2003, Behavioral medicine.

[59]  T. Field,et al.  NATURAL KILLER CELLS AND LYMPHOCYTES INCREASE IN WOMEN WITH BREAST CANCER FOLLOWING MASSAGE THERAPY , 2005, The International journal of neuroscience.

[60]  Linda K. Lawson,et al.  Employee engagement. , 2011, MLO: medical laboratory observer.

[61]  D. Watson,et al.  Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. , 1988, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[62]  Sigal G. Barsade,et al.  Human abilities: emotional intelligence. , 2008, Annual review of psychology.

[63]  Eunkook M. Suh,et al.  Events and subjective well-being: Only recent events matter. , 1996 .

[64]  Costas I. Karageorghis,et al.  The circumplex model of affect: A bi-cultural study , 2007 .

[65]  Jeff T. Larsen,et al.  Turning adversity to advantage: On the virtues of the coactivation of positive and negative emotions. , 2003 .

[66]  P. Brickman,et al.  Lottery winners and accident victims: is happiness relative? , 1978, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[67]  C. Ryff.  Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. , 1989 .

[68]  E. Ebbesen,et al.  Attention in delay of gratification. , 1970 .

[69]  A. Bandura.  Social Cognitive Theory in Cultural Context , 2002, Applied Psychology.

[70]  C. Carver,et al.  Origins and Functions of Positive and Negative Affect: A Control-Process View. , 1990 .

[71]  Marianne Miserandino,et al.  Children Who Do Well in School: Individual Differences in Perceived Competence and Autonomy in Above-Average Children , 1996 .

[72]  Crystal L. Park,et al.  Assessment and prediction of stress-related growth. , 1996, Journal of personality.

[73]  J. Stiglitz,et al.  Report by the commission on the measurement of economic performance and social progress , 2011 .

[74]  M. Kringelbach.  Food for thought: hedonic experience beyond homeostasis in the human brain , 2004, Neuroscience.

[75]  D. Kahneman,et al.  National Time Accounting: The Currency of Life , 2008 .

[76]  Kennon M. Sheldon,et al.  Achieving Sustainable New Happiness: Prospects, Practices, and Prescriptions , 2012 .

[77]  J. Moskowitz,et al.  Benefit finding and diurnal cortisol slope in maternal caregivers: A moderating role for positive emotion , 2006 .

[78]  Jeff T. Larsen,et al.  Can people feel happy and sad at the same time? , 2001, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[79]  C. Keyes,et al.  Optimizing Well-Being: The Empirical Encounter of Two Traditions , 2002 .

[80]  Christopher A. Moyer,et al.  A meta-analysis of massage therapy research. , 2004, Psychological bulletin.

[81]  A. Howell.  Flourishing: Achievement-related correlates of students’ well-being , 2009 .

[82]  E. Deci,et al.  The "What" and "Why" of Goal Pursuits: Human Needs and the Self-Determination of Behavior , 2000 .

[83]  Christopher Peterson,et al.  A Primer in Positive Psychology , 2006 .

[84]  M. Rosenberg,et al.  Global self-esteem and specific self-esteem : Different concepts different outcomes , 1995 .

[85]  R. Paffenbarger,et al.  Physical activity, all-cause mortality, and longevity of college alumni. , 1986, The New England journal of medicine.

[86]  Tayyab Rashid,et al.  Positive psychotherapy. , 2018, The American psychologist.

[87]  K. Jackson,et al.  Association between exercise and HIV disease progression in a cohort of homosexual men. , 1999, Annals of epidemiology.

[88]  Noelle M. Nelson,et al.  Making choices impairs subsequent self-control: a limited-resource account of decision making, self-regulation, and active initiative. , 2008, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[89]  E. Deci,et al.  Motivational predictors of weight loss and weight-loss maintenance. , 1996, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[90]  Marie Hobart,et al.  Spark: The Revolutionary New Science of Exercise and the Brain , 2008 .

[91]  C. Spence,et al.  The science of interpersonal touch: An overview , 2010, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[92]  S. Wilkinson.  Focus groups in feminist research , 1998 .

[93]  M. Seligman,et al.  Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification , 2004 .

[94]  Christopher Peterson,et al.  Explanatory style, expectations, and depressive symptoms , 2001 .

[95]  N. Mutrie,et al.  A pilot study of a supervised group exercise programme as a rehabilitation treatment for women with breast cancer receiving adjuvant treatment. , 2005, European journal of oncology nursing : the official journal of European Oncology Nursing Society.

[96]  Richard E. Lucas,et al.  Lags and Leads in Life Satisfaction: A Test of the Baseline Hypothesis , 2006, SSRN Electronic Journal.

[97]  J. S. Long,et al.  The Relation Between Mood and Sexuality in Heterosexual Men , 2003, Archives of sexual behavior.

[98]  T. Field,et al.  Breast cancer patients have improved immune and neuroendocrine functions following massage therapy. , 2004, Journal of psychosomatic research.

[99]  M. Hernandez-Reif,et al.  Premenstrual symptoms are relieved by massage therapy , 2000, Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology.

[100]  John Carlson,et al.  The effect of foot reflexology on pain in patients with metastatic cancer. , 2003, Applied nursing research : ANR.

[101]  B. Schwartz.  Self-determination. The tyranny of freedom. , 2000, The American psychologist.

[102]  E. Diener,et al.  Extraversion and neuroticism as predictors of objective life events: a longitudinal analysis. , 1993, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[103]  M. Hernandez-Reif,et al.  Adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder benefit from massage therapy. , 1998, Adolescence.

[104]  Anita G. Wells,et al.  Purpose in life and reasons for living as mediators of the relationship between stress, coping, and suicidal behavior , 2007 .

[105]  M. Seligman,et al.  School-based prevention of depressive symptoms: A randomized controlled study of the effectiveness and specificity of the Penn Resiliency Program. , 2007, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[106]  J. Garbarino.  The Impact of Anticipated Reward upon Cross-Age Tutoring , 1975 .

[107]  Michael E. McCullough,et al.  The psychology of forgiveness. , 2002 .

[108]  P. Meehl.  Hedonic capacity: some conjectures. , 1975, Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic.

[109]  Shelley E. Taylor,et al.  Psychological resources, positive illusions, and health. , 2000, The American psychologist.

[110]  Kennon M. Sheldon,et al.  How to increase and sustain positive emotion: The effects of expressing gratitude and visualizing best possible selves , 2006 .

[111]  H. Meltzer,et al.  Mental Health of Children and Young People in Great Britain, 2004 , 2005 .

[112]  M. B. Walker,et al.  A randomised, controlled trial of the psychological effects of reflexology in early breast cancer. , 2010, European journal of cancer.

[113]  Julia Annas,et al.  Feeling good and functioning well: distinctive concepts in ancient philosophy and contemporary science , 2009 .

[114]  Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi,et al.  Engagement in a profession: the case of undergraduate teaching , 2005, Daedalus.

[115]  M. Seligman,et al.  Positive Health , 1963, Nature.

[116]  C. R. Snyder.  TARGET ARTICLE: Hope Theory: Rainbows in the Mind , 2002 .

[117]  A. Antonovsky.  Unraveling the mystery of health: how people manage stress and stay well , 1987 .

[118]  E. Parsloe.  The Manager as Coach and Mentor , 1995 .

[119]  M. Rudd,et al.  Predictive and Treatment Validity of Life Satisfaction and the Quality of Life Inventory , 2005, Assessment.

[120]  P. Zimbardo,et al.  Who's Smoking, Drinking, and Using Drugs? Time Perspective as a Predictor of Substance Use , 1999 .

[121]  M. Grealy,et al.  Transforming From Cocoon to Butterfly: The Potential Role of the Body in the Process of Posttraumatic Growth , 2010 .

[122]  Sheldon Cohen,et al.  Use of Social Words in Autobiographies and Longevity , 2007, Psychosomatic medicine.

[123]  Joar Vittersø.  Subjective Well-Being versus Self-Actualization: Using the Flow-Simplex to Promote a Conceptual Clarification of Subjective Quality of Life , 2004 .

[124]  H. Cooper,et al.  A Meta-Analysis of 137 Personality Subjective Well-Being , 1998 .

[125]  G. Gaetano,et al.  Wine consumption in relation to vascular risk , 2003 .

[126]  Martin E. P. Seligman,et al.  Learned Optimism: How to Change Your Mind and Your Life , 1991 .

[127]  R. Ryan,et al.  Autonomy in children's learning: an experimental and individual difference investigation. , 1987, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[128]  G. Gainotti.  Emotional behavior and hemispheric side of the lesion. , 1972, Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior.

[129]  D. Charney,et al.  Psychobiological mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability: implications for successful adaptation to extreme stress. , 2004, The American journal of psychiatry.

[130]  R. Ryan,et al.  The relations of maternal and social environments to late adolescents' materialistic and prosocial values. , 1995 .

[131]  P. Zimbardo,et al.  Putting Time in Perspective: A Valid, Reliable Individual-Differences Metric , 1999 .

[132]  E. Janssen,et al.  Determinants of Male Sexual Arousal , 2012 .

[133]  P. Lewinsohn,et al.  Adolescent psychopathology: I. Prevalence and incidence of depression and other DSM-III-R disorders in high school students. , 1993, Journal of abnormal psychology.

[134]  B. Fredrickson,et al.  Psychological resilience and positive emotional granularity: examining the benefits of positive emotions on coping and health. , 2004, Journal of personality.

[135]  Tzipi Weiss.  Correlates of posttraumatic growth in husbands of breast cancer survivors , 2004, Psycho-oncology.

[136]  D. Blanchflower,et al.  Unemployment, Well-Being, and Wage Curves in Eastern and Central Europe , 2001 .

[137]  P. Salovey,et al.  Emotional intelligence as a standard intelligence. , 2001, Emotion.

[138]  J. Crocker,et al.  Contingencies of Self-Worth , 2001, Psychological review.

[139]  M. Fordyce.  A program to increase happiness: Further studies. , 1983 .

[140]  C. Carver,et al.  Control theory: a useful conceptual framework for personality-social, clinical, and health psychology. , 1982, Psychological bulletin.

[141]  B. Jacobsen.  What is existential psychology , 2008 .

[142]  M. McCullough,et al.  Counting blessings versus burdens: an experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life. , 2003, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[143]  M. Csíkszentmihályi.  Finding Flow: The Psychology of Engagement with Everyday Life , 1997 .

[144]  T. Oleson,et al.  Randomized Controlled Study of Premenstrual Symptoms Treated With Ear, Hand, and Foot Reflexology , 1993, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[145]  M. Seligman,et al.  Prevention of Depressive Symptoms in Schoolchildren: Two-Year Follow-Up , 1995 .

[146]  Causal attribution, perceived benefits, and morbidity after a heart attack: an 8-year study. , 1987, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[147]  Walter Mischel,et al.  Predicting adolescent cognitive and self-regulatory competencies from preschool delay of gratification: Identifying diagnostic conditions. , 1990 .

[148]  Catrine Tudor-Locke,et al.  How Many Steps/Day Are Enough? Preliminary Pedometer Indices for Public Health , 2004 .

[149]  T. Field.  Stimulation of preterm infants. , 1988, Pediatrics in review.

[150]  E. Werner.  Risk, resilience, and recovery: Perspectives from the Kauai Longitudinal Study , 1993, Development and Psychopathology.

[151]  B. Fredrickson,et al.  Open hearts build lives: positive emotions, induced through loving-kindness meditation, build consequential personal resources. , 2008, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[152]  R. Davidson,et al.  The functional neuroanatomy of emotion and affective style , 1999, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[153]  E. Deci,et al.  Living well: a self-determination theory perspective on eudaimonia , 2008 .

[154]  Martin E. P. Seligman,et al.  Explanatory style as a predictor of productivity and quitting among life insurance sales agents. , 1986 .

[155]  E. Deci,et al.  Self-determination in a work organization. , 1989 .

[156]  R. Veenhoven.  Is happiness relative? , 1991 .

[157]  S. Stewart-Brown,et al.  A systematic review of universal approaches to mental health promotion in schools , 2003 .

[158]  G. Matthews,et al.  Does emotional intelligence meet traditional standards for an intelligence? Some new data and conclusions. , 2001, Emotion.

[159]  T. Revenson,et al.  Resilience and Posttraumatic Growth: Recovery, Resistance, and Reconfiguration. , 2006 .

[160]  M. Seligman,et al.  Learned helplessness in humans: critique and reformulation. , 1978, Journal of abnormal psychology.

[161]  J. Weinberger.  Common Factors Aren't So Common: The Common Factors Dilemma , 1995 .

[162]  W. James,et al.  The principles of psychology : 2 vols bound as one / William James , 1950 .

[163]  R. Larsen,et al.  Promises and problems with the circumplex model of emotion. , 1992 .

[164]  J. Rotter.  Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. , 1966, Psychological monographs.

[165]  Andrea A. Thornton.  Perceiving Benefits in the Cancer Experience , 2002, Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings.

[166]  M. Seligman,et al.  Character Strengths Before and After September 11 , 2003, Psychological science.

[167]  G. Barber.  PHYSICAL HEALTH. , 1963, The Practitioner.

[168]  G. Fava,et al.  Well-Being Therapy , 2005 .

[169]  M. B. Frisch,et al.  Quality of Life Therapy and Assessment in Health Care , 1998 .

[170]  R. Davidson.  Affective neuroscience and psychophysiology: toward a synthesis. , 2003, Psychophysiology.

[171]  C. Dweck,et al.  Implicit Theories: Elaboration and Extension of the Model , 1995 .

[172]  D. W. Nelson.  Feeling good and open-minded: The impact of positive affect on cross cultural empathic responding , 2009 .

[173]  M. Grealy,et al.  The perceived influence of an exercise class intervention on the process and outcomes of post-traumatic growth , 2008 .

[174]  P Hassmén,et al.  Physical exercise and psychological well-being: a population study in Finland. , 2000, Preventive medicine.

[175]  H. Harlow,et al.  Affectional responses in the infant monkey; orphaned baby monkeys develop a strong and persistent attachment to inanimate surrogate mothers. , 1959, Science.

[176]  H. Tennen,et al.  A contrarian view of growth following adversity. , 2012 .

[177]  Igor Sotgiu,et al.  The subjective components of happiness and their attainment: a cross-cultural comparison between Italy and Cuba , 2006 .

[178]  I. Ajzen.  The theory of planned behavior , 1991 .

[179]  B. Fredrickson.  The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. , 2004, Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences.

[180]  Peter Ekman,et al.  Long-term fatty fish consumption and renal cell carcinoma incidence in women. , 2006, JAMA.

[181]  R. Roe,et al.  A review of the time management literature , 2007 .

[182]  B. Rothschild.  The Body Remembers: The Psychophysiology of Trauma and Trauma Treatment , 2000 .

[183]  James L Olds,et al.  Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation of septal area and other regions of rat brain. , 1954, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[184]  B. Fredrickson.  The role of positive emotions in positive psychology. The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. , 2001, The American psychologist.

[185]  M. Csíkszentmihályi,et al.  Positive psychology. An introduction. , 2000, The American psychologist.

[186]  Edward L. Deci,et al.  Autonomy, relatedness, and the self: Their relation to development and psychopathology. , 1995 .

[187]  Bruce Headey,et al.  Life Goals Matter to Happiness: A Revision of Set-Point Theory , 2008 .

[188]  Stephen Joseph,et al.  Positive Change Following Trauma and Adversity: A Review , 2004, Journal of traumatic stress.

[189]  A. Achiron,et al.  Reflexology treatment relieves symptoms of multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled study. , 2010, Multiple Sclerosis.

[190]  M. Leary,et al.  Self-esteem as an interpersonal monitor: The sociometer hypothesis. , 1995 .

[191]  E. Røysamb,et al.  Well-being and ill-being: shared environments, shared genes? , 2008 .

[192]  T. Field,et al.  Aggressive adolescents benefit from massage therapy. , 2002, Adolescence.

[193]  M. Kemeny,et al.  Realistic acceptance as a predictor of decreased survival time in gay men with AIDS. , 1994, Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association.

[194]  D. Blazer,et al.  Sex differences in the relationship between subthreshold depression and mortality in a community sample of older adults. , 2002, The American journal of geriatric psychiatry.

[195]  Robert Biswas-Diener,et al.  Happiness: Unlocking the Mysteries of Psychological Wealth , 2008 .

[196]  T. Field,et al.  Stable preterm infants gain more weight and sleep less after five days of massage therapy. , 2003, Journal of pediatric psychology.

[197]  Scott Highhouse,et al.  Are maximizers really unhappy? The measurement of maximizing tendency , 2008, Judgment and Decision Making.

[198]  G. Ironson,et al.  HIV Adolescents Show Improved Immune Function Following Massage Therapy , 2001, The International journal of neuroscience.

[199]  Martin E. P. Seligman,et al.  Greater strengths of character and recovery from illness , 2006 .

[200]  S. Lupien,et al.  Successful ageing: from cell to self. , 2004, Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences.

[201]  Christian E. Waugh,et al.  Nice to know you: Positive emotions, self–other overlap, and complex understanding in the formation of a new relationship , 2006, The journal of positive psychology.

[202]  Barry Schwartz,et al.  Doing Better but Feeling Worse: The Paradox of Choice , 2012 .

[203]  Shelly L. Gable,et al.  What do you do when things go right? The intrapersonal and interpersonal benefits of sharing positive events. , 2004, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[204]  P. Salovey,et al.  TARGET ARTICLES: "Emotional Intelligence: Theory, Findings, and Implications" , 2004 .

[205]  K. Sheldon,et al.  Coherence and congruence: two aspects of personality integration. , 1995, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[206]  Edward P. Sarafino,et al.  Health Psychology: Biopsychosocial Interactions , 1990 .

[207]  Kennon M. Sheldon,et al.  Is It Possible to Become Happier? (And If So, How?) , 2007 .

[208]  A. Bandura.  Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control , 1997, Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy.

[209]  Stephen Joseph,et al.  Positive psychology: Past, present, and (possible) future , 2006 .

[210]  H. Gardner,et al.  Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences , 1983 .

[211]  D. Goleman.  Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ , 1995 .

[212]  S. Joseph,et al.  Trauma, recovery, and growth: Positive psychological perspectives on posttraumatic stress. , 2008 .

[213]  D. Baumrind.  The average expectable environment is not good enough: a response to Scarr. , 1993, Child development.

[214]  L. Carstensen,et al.  Human aging: Why is even good news taken as bad? , 2003 .

[215]  T. M. Amabile.  The social psychology of creativity , 1984 .

[216]  Kennon M. Sheldon,et al.  Persistent pursuit of need-satisfying goals leads to increased happiness: A 6-month experimental longitudinal study , 2010 .

[217]  R. Larsen,et al.  The Satisfaction with Life Scale , 1985, Journal of personality assessment.

[218]  Daniel Gilbert,et al.  Stumbling on Happiness , 2015 .

[219]  N. Cantor,et al.  Defensive pessimism: harnessing anxiety as motivation. , 1986, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[220]  U. Staudinger,et al.  People nominated as wise: a comparative study of wisdom-related knowledge. , 1995, Psychology and aging.

[221]  Crystal L. Park,et al.  Posttraumatic Growth: Conceptual Issues , 1998 .

[222]  J. Tsao,et al.  The Pleasure Center: Trust Your Animal Instincts, Morten L. Kringelbach. Oxford University Press (2009), ISBN-13: 978-0-19-532285-9, 291 pages, $24.95 , 2009 .

[223]  C. Peterson,et al.  Optimistic explanatory style and the perception of health problems. , 1995, Journal of clinical psychology.

[224]  K. Matthews,et al.  Dispositional optimism and recovery from coronary artery bypass surgery: the beneficial effects on physical and psychological well-being. , 1989, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[225]  C. Carver,et al.  Effects of optimism on psychological and physical well-being: Theoretical overview and empirical update , 1992, Cognitive Therapy and Research.

[226]  T. Isowa,et al.  Profiling of serum proteins influenced by warm partner contact in healthy couples. , 2009, Neuro endocrinology letters.

[227]  Shigehiro Oishi,et al.  The Meaning in Life Questionnaire: Assessing the Presence of and Search for Meaning in Life , 2006 .

[228]  Alan Carr,et al.  Positive Psychology , 2004, Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research.

[229]  D. Myers.  The funds, friends, and faith of happy people. , 2000, The American psychologist.

[230]  M. Seligman,et al.  Strengths of character and well-being: A closer look at hope and modesty , 2004 .

[231]  Richard E. Lucas,et al.  Well-Being for Public Policy , 2009 .

[232]  M. Kirkhart,et al.  The relation between elevation and self-reported prosocial behavior: Incremental validity over the Five-Factor Model of Personality , 2009 .

[233]  S. Schwartz.  Are There Universal Aspects in the Structure and Contents of Human Values , 1994 .

[234]  R. Baumeister,et al.  Self-control relies on glucose as a limited energy source: willpower is more than a metaphor. , 2007, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[235]  R. Ryan,et al.  Intrinsic and Extrinsic Goals: Their Structure and Relationship to Well-Being in German and U.S. College Students , 2000 .

[236]  James K. Harter,et al.  Income’s Differential Influence on Judgments of Life Versus AffectiveWell-Being , 2009 .

[237]  Richard E. Lucas,et al.  Time Does Not Heal All Wounds , 2005, Psychological science.

[238]  D. Keltner,et al.  PERSONALITY PROCESSES AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES Expressions of Positive Emotion in Women ' s College Yearbook Pictures and Their Relationship to Personality and Life Outcomes Across Adulthood , 2004 .

[239]  S. Lyubomirsky,et al.  A Measure of Subjective Happiness: Preliminary Reliability and Construct Validation , 1999 .

[240]  Adrian Wells,et al.  Nature, Functions, and Beliefs about Depressive Rumination , 2008 .

[241]  Peter Salovey,et al.  The Positive Psychology of Emotional Intelligence , 2009 .

[242]  B. Fredrickson,et al.  Positive affect and the complex dynamics of human flourishing. , 2005, The American psychologist.

[243]  T. M. Amabile.  The social psychology of creativity: A componential conceptualization. , 1983 .

[244]  N. Tomes,et al.  Income distribution, happiness and satisfaction: A direct test of the interdependent preferences model , 1986 .

[245]  M. E. Bernard,et al.  Albert Ellis: Unsung hero of positive psychology , 2010 .

[246]  Daniel Kahneman,et al.  Memories of colonoscopy: a randomized trial , 2003, Pain.

[247]  M. Cordova,et al.  Facilitating Posttraumatic Growth Following Cancer , 2012 .

[248]  E. Diener,et al.  Looking Up and Looking Down: Weighting Good and Bad Information in Life Satisfaction Judgments , 2002 .

[249]  J. Goldenberg,et al.  Is It Me or Is It Mine? Body-self Integration as a Function of Self-esteem, Body-esteem, and Mortality Salience , 2005 .

[250]  A. Grant,et al.  Executive coaching enhances goal attainment, resilience and workplace well-being: a randomised controlled study , 2009 .

[251]  S. Lyubomirsky,et al.  Pursuing Happiness: The Architecture of Sustainable Change , 2005 .

[252]  R. Ryan,et al.  Be careful what you wish for: Optimal functioning and the relative attainment of intrinsic and extrinsic goals. , 2001 .

[253]  Michael J. Lambert,et al.  Research summary on the therapeutic relationship and psychotherapy outcome. , 2001 .

[254]  M. Fordyce.  Development of a Program to Increase Personal Happiness. , 1977 .

[255]  J. Dusek,et al.  Perceptions of child rearing and self-concept development during the early adolescent years , 1985, Journal of youth and adolescence.

[256]  N. Cantor,et al.  Life task participation and well-being: The importance of taking part in daily life. , 1999 .

[257]  M. Seligman.  Positive psychology, positive prevention, and positive therapy. , 2002 .

[258]  T. Field,et al.  Massage therapy by parents improves early growth and development , 2004 .

[259]  C. Dweck.  Mindset: The New Psychology of Success , 2006 .

[260]  T. Field,et al.  CORTISOL DECREASES AND SEROTONIN AND DOPAMINE INCREASE FOLLOWING MASSAGE THERAPY , 2005, The International journal of neuroscience.

[261]  J. Marecek,et al.  Positive Psychology , 2008 .

[262]  K. Jackson,et al.  Major depressive disorder and dysthymia in young adolescents. , 1992, American journal of epidemiology.

[263]  Andrea A. Thornton,et al.  Posttraumatic growth in prostate cancer survivors and their partners , 2006, Psycho-oncology.

[264]  R. Baumeister,et al.  Self-regulation and personality: how interventions increase regulatory success, and how depletion moderates the effects of traits on behavior. , 2006, Journal of personality.

[265]  Christian E. Waugh,et al.  Smile to see the forest: Facially expressed positive emotions broaden cognition , 2010, Cognition & emotion.

[266]  A. Bohart.  Emphasizing the Future in Empathy Responses , 1993 .

[267]  L. King,et al.  The Health Benefits of Writing about Life Goals , 2001 .

[268]  R. Tedeschi,et al.  The Foundations of Posttraumatic Growth: New Considerations , 2004 .

[269]  D. Jacobs,et al.  Flavonoid intake and cardiovascular disease mortality: a prospective study in postmenopausal women. , 2007, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[270]  J. Pennebaker.  Writing About Emotional Experiences as a Therapeutic Process , 1997 .

[271]  The Paradox of Struggling with Trauma: Guidelines for Practice and Directions for Research , 2012 .

[272]  L. Stankov,et al.  Emotional intelligence: in search of an elusive construct. , 1998, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[273]  R. Veit,et al.  A preliminary report relating frequency of vaginal intercourse to heart rate variability, Valsalva ratio, blood pressure, and cohabitation status , 2000, Biological Psychology.

[274]  A. Steptoe,et al.  The effects of exercise training on mental well-being in the normal population: a controlled trial. , 1989, Journal of psychosomatic research.

[275]  A. Maslow.  Motivation and Personality , 1954 .

[276]  Emotional growth--helping children and families "bounce back". , 2005, Australian family physician.

[277]  Julia T. Alvarez,et al.  “Positive Aging , 2000 .

[278]  Elena Kazakina.  Time perspective of older adults: Relationships to attachment style, psychological well-being, and psychological distress. , 1999 .

[279]  R. Tedeschi,et al.  Beyond the Concept of Recovery: Growth and the Experience of Loss , 2007, Death studies.

[280]  E. Deci,et al.  Human autonomy: The basis for true self-esteem. , 1995 .

[281]  T. Field,et al.  Massage therapy effects on depressed pregnant women , 2004, Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology.

[282]  G. Bognar.  Authentic Happiness , 2010, Utilitas.

[283]  B. Levy.  Improving memory in old age through implicit self-stereotyping. , 1996, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[284]  Harris Cooper,et al.  Locus of control and academic achievement: A literature review. , 1983 .

[285]  V. Braun,et al.  Using thematic analysis in psychology , 2006 .

[286]  Peter Salovey,et al.  Emotional Intelligence in Practice , 2012 .

[287]  Sonja Lyubomirsky,et al.  Enhancing well-being and alleviating depressive symptoms with positive psychology interventions: a practice-friendly meta-analysis. , 2009, Journal of clinical psychology.

[288]  N. Miller,et al.  Who benefits the most from a gratitude intervention in children and adolescents? Examining positive affect as a moderator , 2009 .

[289]  I. Ajzen.  Attitudes, Personality and Behavior , 1988 .

[290]  Tor D Wager,et al.  The neural correlates of trait resilience when anticipating and recovering from threat. , 2008, Social cognitive and affective neuroscience.

[291]  Richard E. Lucas,et al.  Value as a Moderator in Subjective Well‐Being , 1999 .

[292]  Auke Tellegen,et al.  Happiness Is a Stochastic Phenomenon , 1996 .

[293]  A. Deaton.  Income, Aging, Health and Wellbeing Around the World: Evidence from the Gallup World Poll , 2007 .

[294]  E. Langer,et al.  The effects of choice and enhanced personal responsibility for the aged: a field experiment in an institutional setting. , 1976, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[295]  T. Little,et al.  The role of positive psychology constructs in predicting life satisfaction in adolescents with and without cognitive disabilities: An exploratory study , 2006 .

[296]  Richard E. Lucas,et al.  Subjective Weil-Being: Three Decades of Progress , 2004 .

[297]  N. Shainess,et al.  Positive Illusions: Creative Self-Deception and the Healthy Mind , 1990 .

[298]  Lawrence G. Calhoun,et al.  Trauma and Transformation: Growing in the Aftermath of Suffering , 1995 .

[299]  F. Fincham,et al.  More gratitude, less materialism: The mediating role of life satisfaction , 2009 .

[300]  C. Carver,et al.  On the Self-Regulation of Behavior , 1998 .

[301]  J. Ratey.  A User's Guide to the Brain , 2001 .

[302]  Sigal G. Barsade,et al.  The influence of organizational respect on emotional exhaustion in the human services , 2008 .

[303]  A. Bandura.  Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory , 1985 .

[304]  Kennon M. Sheldon,et al.  What is satisfying about satisfying events? Testing 10 candidate psychological needs. , 2001, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[305]  P. Watkins,et al.  Taking care of business? Grateful processing of unpleasant memories , 2008 .

[306]  E. Gilpin,et al.  Addiction versus stages of change models in predicting smoking cessation. , 1996, Addiction.

[307]  F. Reynolds,et al.  Turning to art as a positive way of living with cancer: A qualitative study of personal motives and contextual influences , 2007 .

[308]  A. Antonovsky.  Health, stress, and coping , 1979 .

[309]  Edward L. Deci,et al.  Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation , 2000 .

[310]  M. Seligman,et al.  The Optimistic Child , 1995 .

[311]  I. Ajzen,et al.  Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior , 1980 .

[312]  Joar Vittersø,et al.  Pleasure and interest are differentially affected by replaying versus analyzing a happy life moment , 2009 .

[313]  Richard S. Lazarus,et al.  TARGET ARTICLE: Does the Positive Psychology Movement Have Legs? , 2003 .

[314]  D. Cramer,et al.  Introduction to Research Methods in Psychology , 2005 .

[315]  D. J. Lee.  Society and the Adolescent Self-Image , 1969 .

[316]  B. Kable.  Mental health. , 2005, Australian family physician.

[317]  Robert Biswas-Diener,et al.  Please Scroll down for Article the Journal of Positive Psychology Reconsidering Happiness: the Costs of Distinguishing between Hedonics and Eudaimonia Reconsidering Happiness: the Costs of Distinguishing between Hedonics and Eudaimonia , 2022 .

[318]  P. Gilbert,et al.  Feeling safe and content: A specific affect regulation system? Relationship to depression, anxiety, stress, and self-criticism , 2008 .

[319]  R. Bryant,et al.  Posttraumatic stress disorder following cancer. A conceptual and empirical review. , 2002, Clinical psychology review.

[320]  R. Baumeister,et al.  The Physiology of Willpower: Linking Blood Glucose to Self-Control , 2007, Personality and social psychology review : an official journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.

[321]  K. Krishnan,et al.  Effects of exercise training on older patients with major depression. , 1999, Archives of internal medicine.

[322]  Miguel Pereira Lopes,et al.  Who is more proactive, the optimist or the pessimist? Exploring the role of hope as a moderator , 2008 .

[323]  E. Diener,et al.  Subjective Wellbeing , 2013 .

[324]  Barbara L. Fredrickson,et al.  Positivity: Groundbreaking Research Reveals How to Embrace the Hidden Strength of Positive Emotions, Overcome Negativity, and Thrive , 2009 .

[325]  T. Judge,et al.  Are measures of self-esteem, neuroticism, locus of control, and generalized self-efficacy indicators of a common core construct? , 2002, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[326]  G. Affleck,et al.  Benefit-finding and benefit-reminding. , 2002 .

[327]  G. Strauss,et al.  The experience of positive emotion is associated with the automatic processing of positive emotional words , 2006 .

[328]  S. Hayes,et al.  Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: An Experiential Approach to Behavior Change , 1999 .

[329]  S. Brody.  Blood pressure reactivity to stress is better for people who recently had penile–vaginal intercourse than for people who had other or no sexual activity , 2006, Biological Psychology.

[330]  Pelin Kesebir,et al.  In Pursuit of Happiness: Empirical Answers to Philosophical Questions , 2008, Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.

[331]  R. Sternberg,et al.  Teaching Students to Make Wise Judgments: The “Teaching for Wisdom” Program , 2012 .

[332]  William Yule,et al.  Changes in outlook following disaster: The preliminary development of a measure to assess positive and negative responses , 1993 .

[333]  J. Brunstein,et al.  Personal goals and subjective well-being: A longitudinal study. , 1993 .

[334]  K. Courneya.  Exercise in cancer survivors: an overview of research. , 2003, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[335]  D. Kahneman,et al.  A Survey Method for Characterizing Daily Life Experience: The Day Reconstruction Method , 2004, Science.

[336]  Jeanne L. Hafstrom,et al.  Time use satisfaction of wives: Home, farm, and labor force workload , 1991 .

[337]  S. Lyubomirsky,et al.  The Benefits of Frequent Positive Affect: Does Happiness Lead to Success? , 2005, Psychological bulletin.

[338]  Shalom H. Schwartz,et al.  Identifying Culture-Specifics in the Content and Structure of Values , 1995 .

[339]  Oliver P. John,et al.  Positive emotion dispositions differentially associated with Big Five personality and attachment style , 2006 .

[340]  K. Courneya,et al.  Coping With Cancer , 2000, The Physician and sportsmedicine.

[341]  K. Postema,et al.  A multidimensional cancer rehabilitation program for cancer survivors: effectiveness on health-related quality of life. , 2005, Journal of psychosomatic research.

[342]  P. Zimbardo,et al.  Present time perspective as a predictor of risky driving , 1997 .

[343]  N. Mohamed,et al.  Turning the tide: benefit finding after cancer surgery. , 2004, Social science & medicine.

[344]  A. Bandura,et al.  Escaping Homelessness: The Influences of Self-Efficacy and Time Perspective on Coping With Homelessness1 , 1999 .

[345]  K. Fox.  Self-esteem, self-perceptions and exercise , 2000 .

[346]  Ed Diener,et al.  Response artifacts in the measurement of subjective well-being , 1991 .

[347]  What Is Positive About Positive Psychology: The Curmudgeon and Pollyanna. , 2003 .

[348]  Oliver C. Schultheiss,et al.  Personal goals and emotional well-being: the moderating role of motive dispositions. , 1998, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[349]  T. Wills,et al.  Time perspective and early-onset substance use: a model based on stress-coping theory. , 2001, Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors.

[350]  R. Cohen,et al.  Physical activity and depression: evidence from the Alameda County Study. , 1991, American journal of epidemiology.

[351]  D. Hemsworth,et al.  Factors contributing to posttraumatic growth: a proposed structural equation model. , 2003, The American journal of orthopsychiatry.

[352]  M. Forrester.  Doing Qualitative Research in Psychology: A Practical Guide , 2019, Psychology Teaching Review.

[353]  R. Baumeister,et al.  Ego depletion: is the active self a limited resource? , 1998, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[354]  H. Mcgregor,et al.  Terror management theory and self-esteem: evidence that increased self-esteem reduces mortality salience effects. , 1997, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[355]  R. Larsen,et al.  Temporal stability and cross-situational consistency of affective, behavioral, and cognitive responses. , 1984, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[356]  J. Prochaska,et al.  Attendance and outcome in a work site weight control program: processes and stages of change as process and predictor variables. , 1992, Addictive behaviors.

[357]  Shelley E. Taylor,et al.  Illusion and well-being: a social psychological perspective on mental health. , 1988, Psychological bulletin.

[358]  Andrew J. Shatté,et al.  The Resilience Factor: 7 Keys to Finding Your Inner Strength and Overcoming Life's Hurdles , 2002 .

[359]  D. Baumrind.  The Influence of Parenting Style on Adolescent Competence and Substance Use , 1991 .

[360]  D. Kirschenbaum.  Self-Regulation and Sport Psychology: Nurturing an Emerging Symbiosis , 1984 .

[361]  P. Ekman.  Emotions Revealed: Recognizing Faces and Feelings to Improve Communication and Emotional Life , 2003 .

[362]  M. Seligman,et al.  Character strengths in the United Kingdom: The VIA Inventory of Strengths , 2007 .

[363]  C. Peterson,et al.  Positive clinical psychology. , 2003 .

[364]  A. Waterman.  Two conceptions of happiness: Contrasts of personal expressiveness (eudaimonia) and hedonic enjoyment. , 1993 .

[365]  N. Geschwind,et al.  Hemispheric asymmetry in the expression of positive and negative emotions. Neurologic evidence. , 1982, Archives of neurology.

[366]  J. Salonen,et al.  Physical activity and risk of myocardial infarction, cerebral stroke and death: a longitudinal study in Eastern Finland. , 1982, American journal of epidemiology.

[367]  N. Christakis,et al.  Dynamic spread of happiness in a large social network: longitudinal analysis over 20 years in the Framingham Heart Study , 2008, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[368]  R. Lent.  Restoring Emotional Well-Being , 2007 .

[369]  Stewart Ollis,et al.  ‘Just clicks’: an interpretive phenomenological analysis of professional dancers’ experience of flow , 2006 .

[370]  R. Baumeister,et al.  Ego depletion and self-regulation failure: a resource model of self-control. , 2003, Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research.

[371]  PAUL SWEETMAN,et al.  Anchoring the (Postmodern) Self? Body Modification, Fashion and Identity , 1999 .

[372]  B. Singer,et al.  Best news yet on the six-factor model of well-being , 2006 .

[373]  Vassilis Saroglou,et al.  Positive emotions as leading to religion and spirituality , 2008 .

[374]  Michael A. McDaniel,et al.  The Fakability of Bar-On's Emotional Quotient Inventory Short Form: Catch Me if You Can , 2007 .

[375]  Donna D. Whitsett,et al.  Posttraumatic symptoms and growth of Kosovar war refugees: The influence of hope and cognitive coping , 2007 .

[376]  Gordon B. Spence,et al.  Professional and peer life coaching and the enhancement of goal striving and well-being: An exploratory study , 2007 .

[377]  Ed Diener,et al.  The Satisfaction With Life Scale and the emerging construct of life satisfaction , 2008 .

[378]  Timothy D. Wilson,et al.  Affective Forecasting , 2005 .

[379]  Robert Biswas-Diener,et al.  The Subjective Well-Being of the Homeless, and Lessons for Happiness , 2006 .

[380]  Heather Emerson.  Flow and Occupation: A Review of the Literature , 1998 .

[381]  Kennon M. Sheldon,et al.  Achieving Sustainable Gains in Happiness: Change Your Actions, not Your Circumstances* , 2006 .

[382]  G. Winocur,et al.  Studies of the effects of high fat diets on cognitive function in a rat model , 2005, Neurobiology of Aging.

[383]  Robert A Emmons,et al.  Personal strivings, daily life events, and psychological and physical well-being. , 1991, Journal of personality.

[384]  B. Fredrickson,et al.  Positive Emotions Speed Recovery from the Cardiovascular Sequelae of Negative Emotions. , 1998, Cognition & emotion.

[385]  C. Carver,et al.  Dispositional optimism and physical well-being: the influence of generalized outcome expectancies on health. , 1987, Journal of personality.

[386]  E. Diener,et al.  Cross-cultural correlates of life satisfaction and self-esteem. , 1995, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[387]  K. Courneya,et al.  Exercise for Breast Cancer Survivors , 2002, The Physician and sportsmedicine.

[388]  P. Salovey,et al.  Measuring emotional intelligence with the MSCEIT V2.0. , 2003, Emotion.

[389]  M. Beal,et al.  The role of exercise in the prevention and treatment of wasting in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. , 2002, The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care : JANAC.

[390]  Terri Gullickson,et al.  The Six Pillars of Self-Esteem. , 1995 .

[391]  M. Seligman,et al.  Positive psychology progress: empirical validation of interventions. , 2005, The American psychologist.

[392]  P. Suedfeld,et al.  Salutogenesis and autobiographical disclosure among Holocaust survivors , 2006 .

[393]  Jonathan A. Smith,et al.  Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis: Theory, Method and Research , 2009, QMiP Bulletin.

[394]  Darren Langdridge,et al.  Introduction to Research Methods and Data Analysis in Psychology , 2003 .

[395]  R. Ryan,et al.  PERSONALITY PROCESSES AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES Origins and Pawns in the Classroom: Self-Report and Projective Assessments of Individual Differences in Children's Perceptions , 1986 .

[396]  E. Barrett-Connor,et al.  Cross-sectional and prospective study of exercise and depressed mood in the elderly : the Rancho Bernardo study. , 2001, American journal of epidemiology.

[397]  H. Friedman,et al.  Does childhood personality predict longevity? , 1993, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[398]  S. K. Nelson,et al.  Mood over matter: can happiness be your undoing? , 2009 .

[399]  Stella Resnick,et al.  The Humanistic Psychology and Positive Psychology Connection: Implications for Psychotherapy , 2001 .

[400]  S. Folkman,et al.  Stress, appraisal, and coping , 1974 .

[401]  Shelley E. Taylor,et al.  Positive illusions and well-being revisited: separating fact from fiction. , 1994, Psychological bulletin.

[402]  G. Fava,et al.  Clinical Applications of Well‐Being Therapy , 2012 .

[403]  Geoffrey W. Sutton.  Positive Psychology: The Scientific and Practical Explorations of Human Strengths , 2007 .

[404]  E. Deci,et al.  Self-determination theory: A macrotheory of human motivation, development, and health. , 2008 .

[405]  K. Light,et al.  Effects of Partner Support on Resting Oxytocin, Cortisol, Norepinephrine, and Blood Pressure Before and After Warm Partner Contact , 2005, Psychosomatic medicine.

[406]  R. E. Wheeler,et al.  Psychometric properties of resting anterior EEG asymmetry: temporal stability and internal consistency. , 1992, Psychophysiology.

[407]  M. Cordova,et al.  Posttraumatic growth following breast cancer: a controlled comparison study. , 2001, Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association.

[408]  I. Lee.  Exercise and physical health: cancer and immune function. , 1995, Research quarterly for exercise and sport.

[409]  N L Segal,et al.  Personality similarity in twins reared apart and together. , 1988, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[410]  R. E. Wheeler,et al.  Frontal brain asymmetry and emotional reactivity: a biological substrate of affective style. , 2007, Psychophysiology.

[411]  C. Kauffman.  Positive Psychology: The Science at the Heart of Coaching. , 2006 .

[412]  J. Milam.  Posttraumatic Growth Among HIV/AIDS Patients1 , 2004 .

[413]  Richard E. Lucas,et al.  Reexamining adaptation and the set point model of happiness: reactions to changes in marital status. , 2003, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[414]  E. Diener,et al.  Subjective well-being. The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. , 2000, The American psychologist.

[415]  A. Horvath.  The Great Psychotherapy Debate: Models Methods and Findings , 2002 .

[416]  Hadley Cantril,et al.  The pattern of human concerns , 1965 .

[417]  Gary N. Marks,et al.  Influences and Consequences of Well-being Among Australian Young People: 1980–1995 , 1999 .

[418]  James A. Blumenthal,et al.  Exercise Treatment for Major Depression: Maintenance of Therapeutic Benefit at 10 Months , 2000, Psychosomatic medicine.

[419]  C. Dweck,et al.  Praise for intelligence can undermine children's motivation and performance. , 1998, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[420]  T. Field,et al.  Migraine Headaches are Reduced by Massage Therapy , 1998 .

[421]  B. Coleman,et al.  The Contribution of Active and Passive Leisure to Children's Well-being , 2009, Journal of health psychology.

[422]  Bruce Headey,et al.  Personality, life events, and subjective well-being: Toward a dynamic equilibrium model. , 1989 .

[423]  Jeffrey J. Froh,et al.  Interpersonal relationships and irrationality as predictors of life satisfaction , 2007 .

[424]  S. Brody.  The relative health benefits of different sexual activities. , 2010, The journal of sexual medicine.

[425]  Ed Diener,et al.  Happiness of the very wealthy , 1985 .

[426]  E. Ernst,et al.  Randomised controlled trial of reflexology for menopausal symptoms , 2002, BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.

[427]  J O Prochaska,et al.  Self change processes, self efficacy and decisional balance across five stages of smoking cessation. , 1984, Progress in clinical and biological research.

[428]  Kennon M. Sheldon,et al.  Becoming happier takes both a will and a proper way: an experimental longitudinal intervention to boost well-being. , 2011, Emotion.

[429]  M. Csíkszentmihályi,et al.  Middle School Students’ Motivation and Quality of Experience: A Comparison of Montessori and Traditional School Environments , 2005, American Journal of Education.

[430]  E. Chang,et al.  The positive psychology of negative thinking. , 2002, Journal of clinical psychology.

[431]  Richard D. Gross.  Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behaviour , 1987 .

[432]  Minsuk K. Shim,et al.  Middle School Improvement and Reform: Development and Validation of a School-Level Assessment of Climate, Cultural Pluralism, and School Safety , 2003 .

[433]  M. Serafini,et al.  Plasma antioxidants from chocolate , 2003, Nature.

[434]  D. Buss,et al.  Why Humans Have Sex , 2007, Archives of sexual behavior.

[435]  M. Hernandez-Reif,et al.  Children with asthma have improved pulmonary functions after massage therapy. , 1998, The Journal of pediatrics.

[436]  C. Carver,et al.  Cognitive-behavioral stress management intervention decreases the prevalence of depression and enhances benefit finding among women under treatment for early-stage breast cancer. , 2001, Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association.

[437]  J. Greenberg,et al.  Freedom versus fear: On the defense, growth, and expansion of the self. , 2003 .

[438]  W. Pentland,et al.  Time use research in the social sciences , 2002 .

[439]  Jeffrey M. Hausdorff,et al.  Reducing cardiovascular stress with positive self-stereotypes of aging. , 2000, The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences.

[440]  Robin M. Kowalski,et al.  Whining, griping, and complaining: positivity in the negativity. , 2002, Journal of clinical psychology.

[441]  D. Buss,et al.  Why women have sex : understanding sexual motivation from adventure to revenge (and everything in between) , 2010 .

[442]  C. Willig.  Introducing Qualitative Research in Psychology , 2001 .

[443]  S. Boutcher.  Cognitive performance, fitness, and ageing. , 2001 .

[444]  C. R. Snyder,et al.  Strategies for Accentuating Hope. , 2004 .

[445]  R. Tedeschi,et al.  The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: measuring the positive legacy of trauma. , 1996, Journal of traumatic stress.

[446]  C Peterson,et al.  The future of optimism. , 2000, The American psychologist.

[447]  N. Mutrie,et al.  Benefits of supervised group exercise programme for women being treated for early stage breast cancer: pragmatic randomised controlled trial , 2007, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[448]  A. D. Fave,et al.  Bringing Subjectivity into Focus: Optimal Experiences, Life Themes, and Person‐Centered Rehabilitation , 2012 .

[449]  D. Orlinsky,et al.  Process and outcome in psychotherapy: Noch einmal. , 1994 .

[450]  E. Diener,et al.  Money and happiness: Income and subjective well-being across nations. , 2000 .

[451]  Jonathan A. Smith,et al.  Interpretative phenomenological analysis. , 2008, Qualitative research in psychology: Expanding perspectives in methodology and design (2nd ed.)..

[452]  S. Joseph,et al.  UNDERSTANDING POSITIVE CHANGE FOLLOWING TRAUMA AND ADVERSITY: STRUCTURAL CLARIFICATION , 2004 .

[453]  William J Doyle,et al.  Emotional Style and Susceptibility to the Common Cold , 2003, Psychosomatic medicine.

[454]  D. Benton,et al.  The effects of nutrients on mood , 1999, Public Health Nutrition.

[455]  B. Held.  The Negative Side of Positive Psychology , 2004 .

[456]  I. N. A. C. I. J. H. Fowler.  Book Review: Connected: The surprising power of our social networks and how they shape our lives. , 2009 .

[457]  Shelley E. Taylor,et al.  Cognitive processing, discovery of meaning, CD4 decline, and AIDS-related mortality among bereaved HIV-seropositive men. , 1998, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[458]  M. Hernandez-Reif,et al.  Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: benefits from massage therapy. , 1997, Journal of pediatric psychology.

[459]  Carle C. Zimmerman,et al.  Sexual Behavior in the Human Male , 1948 .

[460]  S. Jeffreys.  ‘Body Art’ and Social Status: Cutting, Tattooing and Piercing from a Feminist Perspective , 2000 .

[461]  M. Csíkszentmihályi.  Beyond boredom and anxiety , 1975 .

[462]  R. Cameron,et al.  The Authentic Warmth Dimension of Professional Childcare , 2008 .

[463]  George M. Realmuto,et al.  Shattered Assumptions: Towards a New Psychology of Trauma , 1994 .

[464]  A. Oswald,et al.  Money and Mental Wellbeing: A Longitudinal Study of Medium-Sized Lottery Wins , 2006, Journal of health economics.

[465]  K. Fox,et al.  The way forward for physical activity and the promotion of psychological well-being , 2000 .

[466]  W. Rejeski,et al.  Physical activity and quality of life in older adults. , 2001, The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences.

[467]  Ruut Veenhoven,et al.  World Database of Happiness , 1995, Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research.

[468]  E T Rolls,et al.  Representations of pleasant and painful touch in the human orbitofrontal and cingulate cortices. , 2003, Cerebral cortex.

[469]  E. Werner,et al.  Vulnerable but invincible: High risk children from birth to adulthood , 2004, European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry.

[470]  R. Biswas-Diener.  From the Equator to the North Pole: A Study of Character Strengths , 2006 .

[471]  D. O. Clifton,et al.  Strengths‐based Development in Practice , 2012 .

[472]  C. Ross,et al.  Hardship and depression. , 1985, Journal of health and social behavior.

[473]  S. Thompson.  The Role of Personal Control in Adaptive Functioning , 2009 .

[474]  Maurice de Volder,et al.  Time orientation: A review. , 1979 .

[475]  B. Fredrickson,et al.  Unpacking positive organizing: Organizations as sites of individual and group flourishing , 2008 .

[476]  E. Deci,et al.  The effects of instructors' autonomy support and students' autonomous motivation on learning organic chemistry: A self-determination theory perspective , 2000 .

[477]  J. E. Maddux,et al.  Self-Efficacy: The Power of Believing You Can , 2009 .

[478]  Kennon M. Sheldon,et al.  Change your Actions, Not Your Circumstances: An Experimental Test of the Sustainable Happiness Model , 2009 .

[479]  E. V. Deurzen.  Psychotherapy and the Quest for Happiness , 2008 .

[480]  John A Updegraff,et al.  Happiness is a warm abstract thought: Self-construal abstractness and subjective well-being , 2007 .

[481]  E. Taylor.  Positive Psychology and Humanistic Psychology: A Reply to Seligman , 2001 .

[482]  P. K. Adelmann.  Occupational complexity, control, and personal income: Their relation to psychological well-being in men and women. , 1987 .

[483]  P. Crocker,et al.  Psychosocial experiences of breast cancer survivors involved in a dragon boat program: exploring links to positive psychological growth. , 2007, Journal of sport & exercise psychology.

[484]  T. Field,et al.  Temperature increases in preterm infants during massage therapy. , 2008, Infant behavior & development.

[485]  Fred B. Bryant,et al.  Savoring: A New Model of Positive Experience , 2006 .

[486]  J. Hodgdon,et al.  The Psychological Effects of Aerobic Fitness Training: Research and Theory , 1991 .

[487]  M. Lepper,et al.  The Construction of Preference: When Choice Is Demotivating: Can One Desire Too Much of a Good Thing? , 2006 .

[488]  M. Antoni,et al.  Group-Based Therapies for Benefit Finding in Cancer , 2012 .

[489]  Shigehiro Oishi,et al.  Goals, Culture, and Subjective Well-Being , 2001 .

[490]  Richard E. Lucas,et al.  Discriminant validity of well-being measures. , 1996, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[491]  P. Costa,et al.  Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on subjective well-being: happy and unhappy people. , 1980, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[492]  Willy Lens,et al.  Academic Achievement and Future Time Perspective as a Cognitive-Motivational Concept , 1982 .

[493]  Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi,et al.  Flow: the psychology of happiness , 1992 .

[494]  P. Keith,et al.  A comparison of depression among employed single-parent and married women. , 1982, The Journal of psychology.

[495]  David Hemenway,et al.  Is more always better?: A survey on positional concerns , 1998 .

[496]  V. Frankl,et al.  Man's search for meaning: An introduction to logotherapy, 4th ed. , 1992 .

[497]  L. King,et al.  The health benefits of writing about intensely positive experiences , 2004 .

[498]  Angela L. Duckworth,et al.  Self-discipline gives girls the edge : Gender in self-discipline, grades, and achievement test scores , 2006 .

[499]  Richard E. Lucas,et al.  Long-term disability is associated with lasting changes in subjective well-being: evidence from two nationally representative longitudinal studies. , 2007, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[500]  A Steptoe,et al.  Stress, social support and health-related behavior: a study of smoking, alcohol consumption and physical exercise. , 1996, Journal of psychosomatic research.

[501]  P. Åstrand.  Physical activity and fitness. , 1992, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[502]  P. Joraschky,et al.  Structural properties of personal meaning systems: A new approach to measuring meaning of life , 2006 .

[503]  Gert G. Wagner,et al.  Authentic happiness theory supported by impact of religion on life satisfaction: A longitudinal analysis with data for Germany , 2008, SSRN Electronic Journal.

[504]  L. King,et al.  Effects of (very) brief writing on health: the two-minute miracle. , 2008, British journal of health psychology.

[505]  S. Kobasa,et al.  Effectiveness of hardiness, exercise and social support as resources against illness. , 1985, Journal of psychosomatic research.

[506]  A. Waterman,et al.  The Implications of Two Conceptions of Happiness (Hedonic Enjoyment and Eudaimonia) for the Understanding of Intrinsic Motivation , 2008 .

[507]  B. Carr,et al.  Posttraumatic Growth, Immunity and Survival in Patients with Hepatoma , 2007, Digestive Diseases and Sciences.

[508]  A. Wearing,et al.  Top-down versus bottom-up theories of subjective well-being , 1991 .

[509]  R. Layard.  Happiness: Lessons from a New Science , 2005 .

[510]  B. Wampold,et al.  Let's Face Facts: Common Factors Are More Potent Than Specific Therapy Ingredients , 2006 .

[511]  H. Spiro.  The Wounded Storyteller: Body, Illness, and Ethics , 1996 .

[512]  R. Winkelmann,et al.  Personality, work, and satisfaction: evidence from the German Socio-Economic Panel , 2008 .

[513]  A. Stanton,et al.  Adaptation in the Face of Advanced Cancer , 2007 .

[514]  B. Schwartz,et al.  Maximizing Versus Satisficing : Happiness Is a Matter of Choice , 2002 .

[515]  M. Seligman,et al.  Catastrophizing and Untimely Death , 1998 .

[516]  M. Seligman,et al.  Pessimistic Explanatory Style in the Historical Record: CAVing LBJ, Presidential Candidates, and East Versus West Berlin , 1988 .

[517]  James K. Harter,et al.  Wellbeing: The Five Essential Elements , 2010 .