Only joking? Online humour in the 2005 UK general election

Humour has long been a part of election campaigns but rarely has election humour been subject to scholarly analysis. The increasing popularity of new forms of Internet-based humour has, however, raised questions about the significance of humour in campaigning and whether online humour can be used as means of stimulating political engagement. This article assesses online humour in the context of the 2005 UK election, exploring both the motivations of the different actors who distributed web-based political humour and the nature of the texts themselves. We find that whilst the official party campaigns use humour very cautiously, there has been an upsurge in humour based campaigns from net activists as well as more traditional broadcasters. Yet, overall, the way that humour is used is paradoxical, since it often attempts to encourage participation but portrays politics as a cynical game, leaving the rationale for political participation unclear.

[1]  Gregor Benton,et al.  The Origins of the Political Joke , 1988 .

[2]  R. Polat The Internet and Political Participation , 2005 .

[3]  L. Minnema Play and (Post)Modern Culture , 1998 .

[4]  R. Silverstone Why study the media , 1999 .

[5]  Charles R. Gruner,et al.  The Game of Humor: A Comprehensive Theory of Why We Laugh , 1997 .

[6]  J. Richardson The market for political activism: Interest groups as a challenge to political parties , 1995 .

[7]  Keith Faulks :Citizenship in Britain: Values, Participation and Democracy , 2006 .

[8]  Murray Edelman,et al.  The symbolic uses of politics , 1967 .

[9]  N. Day,et al.  Political participation and democracy in Britain , 1992 .

[10]  Barbara Warnick,et al.  Appearance or reality? Political parody on the web in campaign ‘96 , 1998 .

[11]  J. Huizinga Homo Ludens: A Study of the Play-Element in Culture , 1938 .

[12]  P. Whiteley The State of Participation in Britain , 2003 .

[13]  J. Barlow A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace , 2021, Commonplace.

[14]  Patrick Seyd,et al.  Labour's Grass Roots: The Politics of Party Membership , 1992 .

[15]  J. Morreall The Philosophy of laughter and humor , 1987 .

[16]  D. Hanauer Silence, voice and erasure: psychological embodiment in graffiti at the site of Prime Minister Rabin's assassination , 2004 .

[17]  Charles Pattie,et al.  Civic Attitudes and Engagement in Modern Britain , 2003 .

[18]  J. Morreall Humour and the Conduct of Politics , 2005 .

[19]  Rachel K. Gibson,et al.  Online Participation in the UK: Testing a ‘Contextualised’ Model of Internet Effects 1 , 2005 .

[20]  S. Freud,et al.  Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious , 1905 .

[21]  Victor Raskin,et al.  Semantic mechanisms of humor , 1984 .

[22]  S. Turkle Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet , 1997 .

[23]  C. P. Snow Corridors of Power , 1964 .

[24]  Michael Billig,et al.  Laughter and Ridicule: Towards a Social Critique of Humour , 2005 .

[25]  Markku Eskelinen,et al.  The Gaming Situation , 2001, Game Stud..

[26]  H. Speier Wit and Politics: An Essay on Laughter and Power1 , 1998, American Journal of Sociology.

[27]  Chen Liao On Prime Minister , 2007 .

[28]  Michael Pickering,et al.  Beyond a joke : the limits of humour , 2005 .

[29]  M. Wattenberg,et al.  Parties Without Partisans , 2002 .

[30]  Paul Webb,et al.  Political Parties as Campaign Organizations , 2000 .

[31]  Laura J Gurak Review of Warnick, Barbara. Critical Literacy in a Digital Era: Technology, Rhetoric, and the Public Interest. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 2002 , 2003 .

[32]  Kirsten A. Foot,et al.  Online Action in Campaign 2000: An Exploratory Analysis of the U.S. Political Web Sphere , 2002 .

[33]  James Stanyer,et al.  Political Parties, the Internet and the 2005 General Election: From Web Presence to E-Campaigning? , 2005 .

[34]  P. Norris,et al.  E-Politics? the Impact of the Internet on Political Trust and Participation , 2004 .