Hyalinization during orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review on tissue reactions.

The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis on the literature concerning hyalinization in relation to experimental tooth movement in animals and humans. A structured search of electronic databases as well as hand searching retrieved 70 publications concerning the subject. After application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 39 studies remained, of which three were in humans. Articles on animal experiments were in the majority with most studies performed in rats. Among other data force magnitude, type of tooth movement, duration of the experimental period, and moment of first and last appearance of hyalinization were extracted from the included studies. The heterogeneity of the published studies and the limited data on appearance of hyalinization made it impossible to perform a meta-analysis. Therefore, the literature was systematically reviewed. It appears that there are no major differences in tissue reaction between species during experimental tooth movement. Although hyalinization is considered to be an undesirable side-effect of orthodontic tooth movement, little attention has been paid to the phenomenon itself and its possible relationship with stress/strain levels in the periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone or the rate after the initial phase of tooth movement. There is a need for well-designed experimental studies to elucidate the role of hyalinization in orthodontic tooth movement.

[1]  P. Rygh.  Hyalinization of the periodontal ligament incident to orthodontic tooth movement. , 1974, Den Norske tannlaegeforenings tidende.

[2]  P. Brudvik,et al.  Non-clast cells start orthodontic root resorption in the periphery of hyalinized zones. , 1993, European journal of orthodontics.

[3]  P. Brudvik,et al.  Root resorption after local injection of prostaglandin E2 during experimental tooth movement. , 1991, European journal of orthodontics.

[4]  P Rygh,et al.  Orthodontic root resorption studied by electron microscopy. , 2009, The Angle orthodontist.

[5]  A. Kuijpers-Jagtman,et al.  Incidence and severity of root resorption in orthodontically moved premolars in dogs. , 2004, Orthodontics & craniofacial research.

[6]  P Rygh,et al.  Elimination of hyalinized periodontal tissues associated with orthodontic tooth movement. , 1974, Scandinavian journal of dental research.

[7]  A. Kuijpers-Jagtman,et al.  Focal hyalinization during experimental tooth movement in beagle dogs. , 2004, American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics.

[8]  D. L. Buck,et al.  A histologic study of human tooth movement. , 1972, American journal of orthodontics.

[9]  H. Mitani,et al.  Localization of glycosaminoglycans in periodontal ligament during physiological and experimental tooth movement. , 1996, Journal of periodontal research.

[10]  E. Kvam,et al.  Scanning electron microscopy of tissue changes on the pressure surface of human premolars following tooth movement. , 1972, Scandinavian journal of dental research.

[11]  Lennart Hammarstrom,et al.  The hyaline zone and associated root surface changes in experimental orthodontics in rats: a light and scanning electron microscope study. , 1996, European journal of orthodontics.

[12]  飯野 祥一朗.  Acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement by alveolar corticotomy in the dog , 2007 .

[13]  G. Wise,et al.  Mechanisms of Tooth Eruption and Orthodontic Tooth Movement , 2008, Journal of dental research.

[14]  Paul Henman.  Targeted! , 2004 .

[15]  B Melsen,et al.  Biological reaction of alveolar bone to orthodontic tooth movement. , 2009, The Angle orthodontist.

[16]  T. Deguchi,et al.  Temporal changes in the distribution and number of macrophage-lineage cells in the periodontal membrane of the rat molar in response to experimental tooth movement. , 2001, Archives of oral biology.

[17]  S. Dunnett,et al.  Surveying the literature from animal experiments , 2005, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[18]  Y. Sakakura,et al.  Cell Death of Osteocytes Occurs in Rat Alveolar Bone during Experimental Tooth Movement , 2002, Calcified Tissue International.

[19]  J. Oates,et al.  Pulsating forces in orthodontic treatment. , 1978, American journal of orthodontics.

[20]  C. Burstone,et al.  The Biology of Tooth Movement , 1988 .

[21]  P. Brudvik,et al.  Transition and determinants of orthodontic root resorption-repair sequence. , 1995, European journal of orthodontics.

[22]  P. Rygh.  Ultrastructural vascular changes in pressure zones of rat molar periodontium incident to orthodontic movement. , 1972, Scandinavian journal of dental research.

[23]  E. Hellsing,et al.  The effects of pregnancy and fluoride on orthodontic tooth movements in rats. , 1991, European journal of orthodontics.

[24]  R. Storey,et al.  Force in orthodontics and its relation to tooth movement , 1952 .

[25]  A. Kuijpers-Jagtman,et al.  Optimum force magnitude for orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic literature review. , 2009, The Angle orthodontist.

[26]  G. Granström,et al.  Effect of orthodontic force on periodontal tissue metabolism. A histologic and biochemical study in normal and hypocalcemic young rats. , 1988, American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics.

[27]  A. Kuijpers-Jagtman,et al.  Tooth movement with light continuous and discontinuous forces in beagle dogs. , 1999, European journal of oral sciences.

[28]  Vinod Krishnan,et al.  Cellular, molecular, and tissue-level reactions to orthodontic force. , 2006, American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics.

[29]  A. Kuijpers-Jagtman,et al.  Magnitude of orthodontic forces and rate of bodily tooth movement. An experimental study. , 1996, American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics.

[30]  E. Kvam.  Cellular dynamics on the pressure side of the rat periodontium following experimental tooth movement. , 1972, Scandinavian journal of dental research.

[31]  D. Lundgren,et al.  Effects of a doubled orthodontic force magnitude on tooth movement and root resorptions. An inter-individual study in adolescents , 1996 .

[32]  D Lundgren,et al.  Effects of a doubled orthodontic force magnitude on tooth movement and root resorptions. An inter-individual study in adolescents. , 1996, European journal of orthodontics.

[33]  J. Hoeksma,et al.  Tissue changes in the rabbit periodontal ligament during orthodontic tooth movement. , 1988, Acta morphologica Neerlando-Scandinavica.

[34]  A. Symons,et al.  Effect of a static magnetic field on orthodontic tooth movement in the rat. , 2000, European journal of orthodontics.

[35]  P Rygh,et al.  Activation of the vascular system: a main mediator of periodontal fiber remodeling in orthodontic tooth movement. , 1986, American journal of orthodontics.

[36]  C. Sandstendt.  Eingine Beitrage zur Theorie der Zahnregulierung , 1904 .

[37]  J. Bulman,et al.  Further statistics in dentistry Part 8: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses , 2003, British Dental Journal.

[38]  S. Kvinnsland,et al.  Effect of experimental tooth movement on nerve fibres immunoreactive to calcitonin gene-related peptide, protein gene product 9.5, and blood vessel density and distribution in rats. , 1997, European journal of orthodontics.

[39]  S. Bernick,et al.  Differential response incident to tooth movement. , 1971, American journal of orthodontics.

[40]  H. Mitani,et al.  Tooth movement and changes in periodontal tissue in response to orthodontic force in rats vary depending on the time of day the force is applied. , 2001, European journal of orthodontics.

[41]  P. Sandercock,et al.  Where is the evidence that animal research benefits humans? , 2004, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[42]  P. Brudvik,et al.  Root resorption beneath the main hyalinized zone. , 1994, European journal of orthodontics.

[43]  A. Schwartz.  Tissue changes incident to tooth movement , 1932 .

[44]  A. Martin Schwarz,et al.  Tissue changes incidental to orthodontic tooth movement , 1932 .

[45]  G. King,et al.  The effect of age on tooth movement and mineral density in the alveolar tissues of the rat. , 1988, American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics.

[46]  R. Masella,et al.  Current concepts in the biology of orthodontic tooth movement. , 2006, American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics.

[47]  P. Owman-Moll,et al.  Hyalinization and root resorption during early orthodontic tooth movement in adolescents. , 2009, The Angle orthodontist.

[48]  Murray C Meikle,et al.  The tissue, cellular, and molecular regulation of orthodontic tooth movement: 100 years after Carl Sandstedt. , 2005, European journal of orthodontics.

[49]  D. Lundgren,et al.  The effects of a four-fold increased orthodontic force magnitude on tooth movement and root resorptions. An intra-individual study in adolescents. , 1996, European journal of orthodontics.

[50]  B Melsen,et al.  Tissue reaction to orthodontic tooth movement--a new paradigm. , 2001, European journal of orthodontics.

[51]  P. Brudvik,et al.  Multi-nucleated cells remove the main hyalinized tissue and start resorption of adjacent root surfaces. , 1994, European journal of orthodontics.

[52]  河野 智子.  Experimental tooth movement under light orthodontic forces : Rates of tooth movement and changes of the periodontium , 2001 .

[53]  P. Rygh.  Ultrastructural changes of the periodontal fibers and their attachment in rat molar periodontium incident to orthodontic tooth movement. , 1973, Scandinavian journal of dental research.

[54]  E. Kvam,et al.  Comparative behavior of human and animal tissue during experimental tooth movement. , 2009, The Angle orthodontist.

[55]  Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman,et al.  Changes in the periodontal ligament after experimental tooth movement using high and low continuous forces in beagle dogs. , 2004, The Angle orthodontist.

[56]  Elisabeth H. Burger,et al.  Osteocyte and bone structure , 2003, Current osteoporosis reports.

[57]  R. Martin,et al.  Targeted bone remodeling involves BMU steering as well as activation. , 2007, Bone.

[58]  H. Kanetaka,et al.  Histological evaluation of the effects of initially light and gradually increasing force on orthodontic tooth movement. , 2007, The Angle orthodontist.

[59]  S. Kvinnsland,et al.  Immunocompetent cells in rat periodontal ligament and their recruitment incident to experimental orthodontic tooth movement. , 1997, European journal of oral sciences.

[60]  P. Brudvik,et al.  The initial phase of orthodontic root resorption incident to local compression of the periodontal ligament. , 1993, European journal of orthodontics.

[61]  S. Lindskog,et al.  Scanning electron microscopic study of orthodontically induced injuries to the periodontal membrane. , 1984, Scandinavian journal of dental research.