Wavelet-based characterization of gait signal for neurological abnormalities.

Studies conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) indicate that over one billion suffer from neurological disorders worldwide, and lack of efficient diagnosis procedures affects their therapeutic interventions. Characterizing certain pathologies of motor control for facilitating their diagnosis can be useful in quantitatively monitoring disease progression and efficient treatment planning. As a suitable directive, we introduce a wavelet-based scheme for effective characterization of gait associated with certain neurological disorders. In addition, since the data were recorded from a dynamic process, this work also investigates the need for gait signal re-sampling prior to identification of signal markers in the presence of pathologies. To benefit automated discrimination of gait data, certain characteristic features are extracted from the wavelet-transformed signals. The performance of the proposed approach was evaluated using a database consisting of 15 Parkinson's disease (PD), 20 Huntington's disease (HD), 13 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and 16 healthy control subjects, and an average classification accuracy of 85% is achieved using an unbiased cross-validation strategy. The obtained results demonstrate the potential of the proposed methodology for computer-aided diagnosis and automatic characterization of certain neurological disorders.

[1]  Benno M. Nigg,et al.  Gait characteristics as a function of age and gender , 1994 .

[2]  Sally McClean,et al.  Machine Learning and Statistical Approaches to Support the Discrimination of Neuro-degenerative Diseases Based on Gait Analysis , 2009 .

[3]  G.B. Moody,et al.  PhysioNet: a Web-based resource for the study of physiologic signals , 2001, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine.

[4]  A. Cohen,et al.  Wavelets: the mathematical background , 1996, Proc. IEEE.

[5]  D. Price New order from neurological disorders , 1999, Nature.

[6]  Patrice Abry,et al.  Multiresolution entropy measure , 1997, Optics & Photonics.

[7]  N. Alexander Gait Disorders in Older Adults , 1996, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[8]  Stéphane Mallat,et al.  A Theory for Multiresolution Signal Decomposition: The Wavelet Representation , 1989, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[9]  Yashar Sarbaz,et al.  SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF GAIT DISORDERS IN HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE: A NEW HORIZON TO EARLY DIAGNOSIS , 2014 .

[10]  Yunfeng Wu,et al.  A PDF-based classification of gait cadence patterns in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis , 2010, 2010 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology.

[11]  J. Li,et al.  Oxidative Stress and Neurodegenerative Disorders , 2007, International journal of molecular sciences.

[12]  C. Peng,et al.  What is physiologic complexity and how does it change with aging and disease? , 2002, Neurobiology of Aging.

[13]  C. Basaran Preface , 1934, The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine.

[14]  Sridhar Krishnan,et al.  Computer-aided analysis of gait rhythm fluctuations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis , 2009, Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing.

[15]  D Feng,et al.  Generalized linear least squares algorithm for non-uniformly sampled biomedical system identification with possible repeated eigenvalues. , 1998, Computer methods and programs in biomedicine.

[16]  J. Richman,et al.  Physiological time-series analysis using approximate entropy and sample entropy. , 2000, American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.

[17]  Jeffrey M. Hausdorff,et al.  Multiscale entropy analysis of human gait dynamics. , 2003, Physica A.

[18]  Jeffrey M. Hausdorff,et al.  Altered fractal dynamics of gait: reduced stride-interval correlations with aging and Huntington's disease. , 1997, Journal of applied physiology.

[19]  Jeffrey M. Hausdorff,et al.  Footswitch system for measurement of the temporal parameters of gait. , 1995, Journal of biomechanics.

[20]  Albert Y. Sun,et al.  Oxidative Stress and Neurodegenerative Disorders , 1998, Journal of Biomedical Science.

[21]  S. Krishnan,et al.  Ambiguity domain-based identification of altered gait pattern in ALS disorder , 2012, Journal of neural engineering.

[22]  Smith Dg,et al.  Atlas Of Amputations and Limb Deficiencies : Surgical, Prosthetic, and Rehabilitation Principles , 2004 .

[23]  L A Beckett,et al.  Progression of gait disorder and rigidity and risk of death in older persons , 2002, Neurology.

[24]  J B Myklebust,et al.  Two-dimensional coherence for measurement of asymmetry in postural steadiness. , 2009, Gait & posture.

[25]  Shou-qing Sun Complexity analysis of the gait time series using fine-grained permutation entropy , 2010, 2010 Sixth International Conference on Natural Computation.

[26]  Yunfeng Wu,et al.  Statistical Analysis of Gait Rhythm in Patients With Parkinson's Disease , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering.

[27]  G. Tomassini,et al.  Atlas of amputations and limb deficiencies: Surgical, prosthetic, and rehabilitation principles , 2005 .

[28]  A.H. Khandoker,et al.  Wavelet-Based Feature Extraction for Support Vector Machines for Screening Balance Impairments in the Elderly , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering.

[29]  Jeffrey M. Hausdorff,et al.  Gait variability and basal ganglia disorders: Stride‐to‐stride variations of gait cycle timing in parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease , 1998, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[30]  Fuyuan Liao,et al.  Multi-resolution entropy analysis of gait symmetry in neurological degenerative diseases and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. , 2008, Medical engineering & physics.

[31]  Yunfeng Wu,et al.  Analysis of altered gait cycle duration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis based on nonparametric probability density function estimation. , 2011, Medical engineering & physics.

[32]  Danny Coomans,et al.  Classification Using Adaptive Wavelets for Feature Extraction , 1997, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[33]  Sang Joon Kim,et al.  A Mathematical Theory of Communication , 2006 .