ClassSearch: facilitating the development of web search skills through social learning

We explore the use of social learning - improving knowledge skills by observing peer behavior - in the domain of Web search skill acquisition, focusing specifically on co-located classroom scenarios. Through a series of interviews, pilot studies, and classroom deployments, we conclude that a peripheral display of Web search activity within a classroom facilitates both social learning and teacher-led discourse. We present the ClassSearch system for shared awareness of Web search activity, which embodies principles gleaned from our iterative design process, and show results from a ClassSearch deployment in twelve middle-school classroom sessions. Finally, we highlight design suggestions and opportunities for future work while taxonomizing the space of co-located search pedagogies.

[1]  Arlene Archer,et al.  The Web and information literacy: scaffolding the use of web sources in a project-based curriculum , 2004, Br. J. Educ. Technol..

[2]  M. Volman,et al.  The Web as an Information Resource in K–12 Education: Strategies for Supporting Students in Searching and Processing Information , 2005 .

[3]  Ryen W. White,et al.  Characterizing the influence of domain expertise on web search behavior , 2009, WSDM '09.

[4]  Neesha Kodagoda,et al.  Effects of low & high literacy on user performance in information search and retrieval , 2008, BCS HCI.

[5]  Julie Coiro,et al.  Rethinking Comprehension Strategies to Better Prepare Students for Critically Evaluating Content on the Internet , 2003 .

[6]  Eero Sormunen,et al.  Learning information retrieval through an educational game , 2000 .

[7]  L. Henry,et al.  SEARCHing for an Answer: The Critical Role of New Literacies While Reading on the Internet , 2006 .

[8]  Gareth J. F. Jones,et al.  An inquiry-based learning approach to teaching information retrieval , 2009, Information Retrieval.

[9]  Juan M. Fernández-Luna,et al.  Teaching and learning in information retrieval , 2009, Information Retrieval.

[10]  Gary Marchionini,et al.  Graphical Representations of Electronic Search Patterns , 1991 .

[11]  Chin-Chung Tsai,et al.  Navigation Flow Map Method of Representing Students' Searching Strategies on the Web , 2005 .

[12]  Allan Collins,et al.  Cognitive Apprenticeship: Teaching the Craft of Reading, Writing, and Mathematics. Technical Report No. 403. , 1987 .

[13]  Shih-Fu Chang,et al.  Visual islands: intuitive browsing of visual search results , 2008, CIVR '08.

[14]  BilalDania Children's use of the Yahooligans! Web search engine , 2001 .

[15]  Dania Bilal Children's use of the Yahooligans! Web search engine: I. Cognitive, physical, and affective behaviors on fact‐based search tasks , 2000 .

[16]  Anselm Spoerri,et al.  InfoCrystal: a visual tool for information retrieval & management , 1993, CIKM '93.

[17]  Terrence J Sejnowski,et al.  Foundations for a New Science of Learning , 2009, Science.

[18]  Suresh K. Bhavnani,et al.  Domain-specific search strategies for the effective retrieval of healthcare and shopping information , 2002, CHI Extended Abstracts.

[19]  James D. Hollan,et al.  Graphical Multiscale Web Histories: A Study of PadPrints , 2003 .

[20]  Ben Shneiderman,et al.  Visualizing Digital Library Search Results with Categorical and Hierarchical Axes , 2003 .

[21]  Dan Morris,et al.  Investigating the querying and browsing behavior of advanced search engine users , 2007, SIGIR.

[22]  Ard W. Lazonder,et al.  Principles for Designing Web Searching Instruction , 2003, Education and Information Technologies.

[23]  Rita Vine,et al.  Real People Don't Do Boolean: How To Teach End Users To Find High-Quality Information on the Internet. , 2001 .

[24]  William B. Borgers DEMOCRACY AND EDUCATION. , 1919 .

[25]  Steve Jones Graphical query specification and dynamic result previews for a digital library , 1998, UIST '98.

[26]  Eric Horvitz,et al.  SearchTogether: an interface for collaborative web search , 2007, UIST.

[27]  Etienne Wenger,et al.  Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation , 1991 .

[28]  Elizabeth Foss,et al.  Children's roles using keyword search interfaces at home , 2010, CHI.

[29]  Michael Twidale,et al.  Over the Shoulder Learning: Supporting Brief Informal Learning , 2005, Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW).

[30]  Julie Coiro The New Literacies of Online Reading Comprehension: Future Directions , 2012 .

[31]  Miriam J. Metzger,et al.  The perceived credibility of personal Web page information as influenced by the sex of the source , 2003, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[32]  Christoph Hölscher,et al.  Web search behavior of Internet experts and newbies , 2000, Comput. Networks.

[33]  Eero Sormunen,et al.  Learning Information Retrieval through an Educational Game. Is Gaming sufficient for learning? , 2000, Educ. Inf..

[34]  Meredith Ringel Morris,et al.  CoSearch: a system for co-located collaborative web search , 2008, CHI.