Flash-based Storage Management in Cloud Computing Datacenter Infrastructures

of the Dissertation Flash-based Storage Management in Cloud Computing Datacenter Infrastructures by Zhengyu Yang Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical and Computer Engineering Northeastern University, July 2018 Dr. Ningfang Mi, Advisor A basic credendum of cloud computing can be summarized as: user devices are light terminals to assign jobs and gather results, while those heavy computations are conducted on remote distributed server clusters. This light-terminal-heavy-server structure makes high availability no longer an option, but a requirement in today’s datacenters. Furthermore, when bringing compute and storage capabilities into balance, we find that the biggest challenge here is closing the gap between computing and storage performance to shift storage’s curve back towards Moore’s law [1]. In detail, the time consumed to wait for I/Os is the main cause of idling and wasting CPU resources, since lots of popular cloud applications are I/O intensive, such as video streaming, file sync and backup, and data iteration for machine learning, etc [2]. Thus, storage I/O is the biggest bottleneck in large-scale datacenters. To address this bottleneck, Solid State Drives (SSDs) are widely being deployed as a per-virtual disk, second-level cache of Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) in SSD-HDD hybrid storage systems to improve I/O access performance, ascribing to SSDs’ high I/O throughput and low I/O latency and power consumption. Recently, with the capital expenditure of Flash-based SSDs keeps decreasing and the storage capacity of SSDs keeps increasing, the “sales pitch” of traditional HDDs as backend storage – low cost and large capacity – is no longer that unique, and eventually they will be replaced by low-end SSDs which have large capacity but perform orders of magnitude better than HDDs. As a result, it is widely believed that all-flash multi-tier storage systems will be adopted in the enterprise datacenters running big data platforms in the near future. Therefore, in this dissertation, we focus on flash-based storage resource management for SSD-HDD hybrid, all-flash storage systems and storage optimization in big data platforms, and we aim to achieve high availability by improving both performance and reliability in these storage systems.

[1]  Carlos Guestrin,et al.  A Note on the Budgeted Maximization of Submodular Functions , 2005 .

[2]  Xiaoyun Zhu,et al.  VFRM: Flash Resource Manager in VMware ESX Server , 2014, 2014 IEEE Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS).

[3]  E. Karthikeyan,et al.  Cache Optimization on Hot‐Point Proxy Caching Using Weighted‐Rank Cache Replacement Policy , 2013 .

[4]  Dharmendra S. Modha,et al.  CAR: Clock with Adaptive Replacement , 2004, FAST.

[5]  Vahab S. Mirrokni,et al.  Tight Approximation Algorithms for Maximum Separable Assignment Problems , 2019 .

[6]  Heng-Yuan Lee,et al.  A 4Mb embedded SLC resistive-RAM macro with 7.2ns read-write random-access time and 160ns MLC-access capability , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference.

[7]  Gerhard Weikum,et al.  The LRU-K page replacement algorithm for database disk buffering , 1993, SIGMOD Conference.

[8]  Yufeng Wang,et al.  Improving Virtual Machine Migration via Deduplication , 2014, 2014 IEEE 11th International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems.

[9]  Laszlo A. Belady,et al.  A Study of Replacement Algorithms for Virtual-Storage Computer , 1966, IBM Syst. J..

[10]  Ningfang Mi,et al.  H-NVMe: A hybrid framework of NVMe-based storage system in cloud computing environment , 2017, 2017 IEEE 36th International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC).

[11]  Sriram Sankar,et al.  reFresh SSDs: Enabling High Endurance, Low Cost Flash in Datacenters , 2012 .

[12]  Stratis Ioannidis,et al.  Adaptive Caching Networks With Optimality Guarantees , 2016, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[13]  Suman Nath,et al.  FlashBlox: Achieving Both Performance Isolation and Uniform Lifetime for Virtualized SSDs , 2017, FAST.

[14]  Teng Wang,et al.  AutoPath: Harnessing Parallel Execution Paths for Efficient Resource Allocation in Multi-Stage Big Data Frameworks , 2017, 2017 26th International Conference on Computer Communication and Networks (ICCCN).

[15]  Minho Lee,et al.  Improving read performance by isolating multiple queues in NVMe SSDs , 2017, IMCOM.

[16]  Todd M. Austin,et al.  StressTest: an automatic approach to test generation via activity monitors , 2005, Proceedings. 42nd Design Automation Conference, 2005..

[17]  Gregory R. Ganger,et al.  Argon: Performance Insulation for Shared Storage Servers , 2007, FAST.

[18]  Yanpei Chen,et al.  Interactive Analytical Processing in Big Data Systems: A Cross-Industry Study of MapReduce Workloads , 2012, Proc. VLDB Endow..

[19]  Heng Tao Shen,et al.  Principal Component Analysis , 2009, Encyclopedia of Biometrics.

[20]  Christopher Frost,et al.  Better I/O through byte-addressable, persistent memory , 2009, SOSP '09.

[21]  Arun Jagatheesan,et al.  Understanding the Impact of Emerging Non-Volatile Memories on High-Performance, IO-Intensive Computing , 2010, 2010 ACM/IEEE International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis.

[22]  Bin Zhao,et al.  Understanding the effects of hypervisor I/O scheduling for virtual machine performance interference , 2012, 4th IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science Proceedings.

[23]  Ningfang Mi,et al.  Understanding performance of I/O intensive containerized applications for NVMe SSDs , 2016, 2016 IEEE 35th International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC).

[24]  Qunying Huang,et al.  A replication strategy for a distributed high-speed caching system based on spatiotemporal access patterns of geospatial data , 2017, Comput. Environ. Urban Syst..

[25]  Xifeng Yan,et al.  Workload characterization and prediction in the cloud: A multiple time series approach , 2012, 2012 IEEE Network Operations and Management Symposium.

[26]  Peter J. Varman,et al.  Balancing fairness and efficiency in tiered storage systems with bottleneck-aware allocation , 2014, FAST.

[27]  Dhabaleswar K. Panda,et al.  Triple-H: A Hybrid Approach to Accelerate HDFS on HPC Clusters with Heterogeneous Storage Architecture , 2015, 2015 15th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing.

[28]  Ken Takeuchi,et al.  Ferroelectric(Fe)-NAND flash memory with non-volatile page buffer for data center application enterprise Solid-State Drives (SSD) , 2009, 2009 Symposium on VLSI Circuits.

[29]  Mrinmoy Ghosh,et al.  A Fresh Perspective on Total Cost of Ownership Models for Flash Storage in Datacenters , 2016, 2016 IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science (CloudCom).

[30]  Hongming Zhou,et al.  Extreme Learning Machine for Regression and Multiclass Classification , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics).

[31]  M. L. Fisher,et al.  An analysis of approximations for maximizing submodular set functions—I , 1978, Math. Program..

[32]  Dan Williams,et al.  Platform Storage Performance With 3D XPoint Technology , 2017, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[33]  Eric Gossett,et al.  Big Data: A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work, and Think , 2015 .

[34]  Jiafu Wan,et al.  A survey of Cyber-Physical Systems , 2011, 2011 International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP).

[35]  Scott Shenker,et al.  Spark: Cluster Computing with Working Sets , 2010, HotCloud.

[36]  Evangelos Eleftheriou,et al.  Write amplification analysis in flash-based solid state drives , 2009, SYSTOR '09.

[37]  Peter Desnoyers,et al.  Analytic modeling of SSD write performance , 2012, SYSTOR '12.

[38]  Sang Lyul Min,et al.  Ozone (O3): An Out-of-Order Flash Memory Controller Architecture , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Computers.

[39]  Peng Zhang,et al.  Dynamic replica creation strategy based on file heat and node load in hybrid cloud , 2017, 2017 19th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT).

[40]  Alexandros G. Dimakis,et al.  FemtoCaching: Wireless Content Delivery Through Distributed Caching Helpers , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory.

[41]  Thomas N. Theis,et al.  The End of Moore's Law: A New Beginning for Information Technology , 2017, Computing in Science & Engineering.

[42]  Teng Wang,et al.  SEINA: A stealthy and effective internal attack in Hadoop systems , 2017, 2017 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC).

[43]  Jignesh M. Patel,et al.  Replica Placement in Multi-tenant Database Environments , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Congress on Big Data.

[44]  Sandy Irani,et al.  Memory Hierarchy Design for Caching Middleware in the Age of NVM , 2015 .

[45]  Frank Hady,et al.  When poll is better than interrupt , 2012, FAST.

[46]  Nikolas Ioannou,et al.  Flash-Conscious Cache Population for Enterprise Database Workloads , 2014, ADMS@VLDB.

[47]  Dongkun Shin,et al.  Workload-aware budget compensation scheduling for NVMe solid state drives , 2015, 2015 IEEE Non-Volatile Memory System and Applications Symposium (NVMSA).

[48]  Stratis Ioannidis,et al.  Intermediate Data Caching Optimization for Multi-Stage and Parallel Big Data Frameworks , 2018, 2018 IEEE 11th International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD).

[49]  Song Jiang,et al.  Workload analysis of a large-scale key-value store , 2012, SIGMETRICS '12.

[50]  Kewen Wang,et al.  Performance Prediction for Apache Spark Platform , 2015, 2015 IEEE 17th International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications, 2015 IEEE 7th International Symposium on Cyberspace Safety and Security, and 2015 IEEE 12th International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems.

[51]  Anja Feldmann,et al.  C3: Cutting Tail Latency in Cloud Data Stores via Adaptive Replica Selection , 2015, NSDI.

[52]  Xiaoyun Zhu,et al.  Improving Flash Resource Utilization at Minimal Management Cost in Virtualized Flash-Based Storage Systems , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing.

[53]  Sang Lyul Min,et al.  LRFU: A Spectrum of Policies that Subsumes the Least Recently Used and Least Frequently Used Policies , 2001, IEEE Trans. Computers.

[54]  Andreas Wolke,et al.  Virtual machine re-assignment considering migration overhead , 2012, 2012 IEEE Network Operations and Management Symposium.

[55]  Himabindu Pucha,et al.  Cost Effective Storage using Extent Based Dynamic Tiering , 2011, FAST.

[56]  Teng Wang,et al.  eSplash: Efficient speculation in large scale heterogeneous computing systems , 2016, 2016 IEEE 35th International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC).

[57]  Mithuna Thottethodi,et al.  SieveStore: a highly-selective, ensemble-level disk cache for cost-performance , 2010, ISCA '10.

[58]  Peter Desnoyers,et al.  Analytic Models of SSD Write Performance , 2014, TOS.

[59]  Lei Gu,et al.  Memory or Time: Performance Evaluation for Iterative Operation on Hadoop and Spark , 2013, 2013 IEEE 10th International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications & 2013 IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing.

[60]  Steven Swanson,et al.  Providing safe, user space access to fast, solid state disks , 2012, ASPLOS XVII.

[61]  Maxim Sviridenko,et al.  Pipage Rounding: A New Method of Constructing Algorithms with Proven Performance Guarantee , 2004, J. Comb. Optim..

[62]  Eric Rotenberg,et al.  Jigsaw: Scalable software-defined caches , 2013, Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques.

[63]  Onur Mutlu,et al.  Architecting phase change memory as a scalable dram alternative , 2009, ISCA '09.

[64]  Alexander Benlian,et al.  The effect of free sampling strategies on freemium conversion rates , 2017, Electron. Mark..

[65]  Bo Sheng,et al.  GReM: Dynamic SSD resource allocation in virtualized storage systems with heterogeneous IO workloads , 2016, 2016 IEEE 35th International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC).

[66]  Hyeonsang Eom,et al.  OS I/O Path Optimizations for Flash Solid-state Drives , 2014, USENIX Annual Technical Conference.

[67]  Steve Byan,et al.  Mercury: Host-side flash caching for the data center , 2012, 012 IEEE 28th Symposium on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies (MSST).

[68]  Michael J. Franklin,et al.  Resilient Distributed Datasets: A Fault-Tolerant Abstraction for In-Memory Cluster Computing , 2012, NSDI.

[69]  Kristina Chodorow,et al.  MongoDB: The Definitive Guide , 2010 .

[70]  Brad Fitzpatrick,et al.  Distributed caching with memcached , 2004 .

[71]  Jan Vondrák,et al.  Dependent Randomized Rounding via Exchange Properties of Combinatorial Structures , 2010, 2010 IEEE 51st Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science.

[72]  Carlo Curino,et al.  Morpheus: Towards Automated SLOs for Enterprise Clusters , 2016, OSDI.

[73]  Kenli Li,et al.  Selection and replacement algorithms for memory performance improvement in Spark , 2016, Concurr. Comput. Pract. Exp..

[74]  Arkadi Nemirovski,et al.  EFFICIENT METHODS IN CONVEX PROGRAMMING , 2007 .

[75]  Qi Zhang,et al.  Characterization of storage workload traces from production Windows Servers , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Workload Characterization.

[76]  Antony I. T. Rowstron,et al.  Migrating server storage to SSDs: analysis of tradeoffs , 2009, EuroSys '09.

[77]  Michael M. Swift,et al.  Aerie: flexible file-system interfaces to storage-class memory , 2014, EuroSys '14.

[78]  Teng Wang,et al.  EA2S2: An Efficient Application-Aware Storage System for Big Data Processing in Heterogeneous Clusters , 2017, 2017 26th International Conference on Computer Communication and Networks (ICCCN).

[79]  Jason Cong,et al.  An efficient design and implementation of LSM-tree based key-value store on open-channel SSD , 2014, EuroSys '14.

[80]  Ali Raza Butt,et al.  Pricing Games for Hybrid Object Stores in the Cloud: Provider vs. Tenant , 2015, HotStorage.

[81]  Li Zhang,et al.  MEMTUNE: Dynamic Memory Management for In-Memory Data Analytic Platforms , 2016, 2016 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS).

[82]  Hai Jin,et al.  LCS: An Efficient Data Eviction Strategy for Spark , 2016, International Journal of Parallel Programming.

[83]  D. Ruppert.  The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction , 2004 .

[84]  David Maier,et al.  The Theory of Relational Databases , 1983 .

[85]  Swapna S. Gokhale,et al.  Modeling Interference for Apache Spark Jobs , 2016, 2016 IEEE 9th International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD).

[86]  Xindong Wu,et al.  A Distributed Cache for Hadoop Distributed File System in Real-Time Cloud Services , 2012, 2012 ACM/IEEE 13th International Conference on Grid Computing.

[87]  Sanjay Ghemawat,et al.  MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters , 2004, OSDI.

[88]  Tianyi Gao,et al.  Total cost of ownership model for data center technology evaluation , 2017, 2017 16th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm).

[89]  Ke Zhang,et al.  A New Scheme for Cache Optimization Based on Cluster Computing Framework Spark , 2015, 2015 8th International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Design (ISCID).

[90]  Hadas Shachnai,et al.  Maximizing submodular set functions subject to multiple linear constraints , 2009, SODA.

[91]  Nimrod Megiddo,et al.  ARC: A Self-Tuning, Low Overhead Replacement Cache , 2003, FAST.

[92]  Trevor N. Mudge,et al.  Improving NAND Flash Based Disk Caches , 2008, 2008 International Symposium on Computer Architecture.

[93]  Erez Zadok,et al.  Virtual Machine Workloads: The Case for New {NAS} Benchmarks , 2013, FAST 2013.

[94]  Yawei Li,et al.  Megastore: Providing Scalable, Highly Available Storage for Interactive Services , 2011, CIDR.

[95]  M. Breitwisch.  Phase Change Memory , 2008, 2008 International Interconnect Technology Conference.

[96]  Anthony Widjaja,et al.  Learning with Kernels: Support Vector Machines, Regularization, Optimization, and Beyond , 2003, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks.

[97]  Lazaros Gkatzikis,et al.  Clustered content replication for hierarchical content delivery networks , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[98]  Jiayin Wang,et al.  Automatic and Scalable Data Replication Manager in Distributed Computation and Storage Infrastructure of Cyber-Physical Systems , 2017, Scalable Comput. Pract. Exp..

[99]  Hyeonsang Eom,et al.  Enhancing the I/O system for virtual machines using high performance SSDs , 2014, 2014 IEEE 33rd International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC).

[100]  Jerome A. Rolia,et al.  Resource pool management: Reactive versus proactive or let's be friends , 2009, Comput. Networks.

[101]  Fei Meng,et al.  vCacheShare: Automated Server Flash Cache Space Management in a Virtualization Environment , 2014, USENIX Annual Technical Conference.

[102]  Mandar Kulkarni,et al.  Analyzing Compute vs. Storage Tradeoff for Video-aware Storage Efficiency , 2012, HotStorage.

[103]  Sachin Katti,et al.  Copysets: Reducing the Frequency of Data Loss in Cloud Storage , 2013, USENIX Annual Technical Conference.

[104]  Ningfang Mi,et al.  FIOS: Feature Based I/O Stream Identification for Improving Endurance of Multi-Stream SSDs , 2018, 2018 IEEE 11th International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD).

[105]  Hyeonsang Eom,et al.  Optimizing the Block I/O Subsystem for Fast Storage Devices , 2014, ACM Trans. Comput. Syst..

[106]  Werner Bux,et al.  Performance of greedy garbage collection in flash-based solid-state drives , 2010, Perform. Evaluation.

[107]  Sazia Parvin,et al.  Securing Big Data Efficiently through Microaggregation Technique , 2017, 2017 IEEE 37th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops (ICDCSW).

[108]  Steven Swanson,et al.  AutoTiering: Automatic data placement manager in multi-tier all-flash datacenter , 2017, 2017 IEEE 36th International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC).

[109]  Ningfang Mi,et al.  Docker Container Scheduler for I/O Intensive Applications Running on NVMe SSDs , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Multi-Scale Computing Systems.

[110]  Ramakrishnan Rajamony,et al.  An updated performance comparison of virtual machines and Linux containers , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software (ISPASS).

[111]  H. Howie Huang,et al.  Falcon: Scaling IO Performance in Multi-SSD Volumes , 2017, USENIX Annual Technical Conference.

[112]  Jiayin Wang,et al.  AutoReplica: Automatic data replica manager in distributed caching and data processing systems , 2016, 2016 IEEE 35th International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC).

[113]  Arthur E. Hoerl,et al.  Ridge Regression: Biased Estimation for Nonorthogonal Problems , 2000, Technometrics.

[114]  Luiz André Barroso,et al.  The Datacenter as a Computer: An Introduction to the Design of Warehouse-Scale Machines , 2009, The Datacenter as a Computer: An Introduction to the Design of Warehouse-Scale Machines.

[115]  Yufeng Wang,et al.  EAD: elasticity aware deduplication manager for datacenters with multi-tier storage systems , 2018, Cluster Computing.

[116]  Heon Young Yeom,et al.  Shedding Light in the Black-Box : Structural Modeling of Modern Disk Drives , 2007, 2007 15th International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems.

[117]  Feng Chen,et al.  Hystor: making the best use of solid state drives in high performance storage systems , 2011, ICS '11.

[118]  Zhichao Li,et al.  On the Importance of Evaluating Storage Systems' $Costs , 2014, HotStorage.

[119]  Antony I. T. Rowstron,et al.  Write off-loading: Practical power management for enterprise storage , 2008, TOS.

[120]  Raju Rangaswami,et al.  I/O Deduplication: Utilizing content similarity to improve I/O performance , 2010, TOS.

[121]  Beng Chin Ooi,et al.  In-Memory Big Data Management and Processing: A Survey , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering.

[122]  Andrea C. Arpaci-Dusseau,et al.  Analysis of HDFS under HBase: a facebook messages case study , 2014, FAST.

[123]  M. Shamim Hossain,et al.  Cloud-Supported Cyber–Physical Localization Framework for Patients Monitoring , 2017, IEEE Systems Journal.

[124]  Marcus Marrow,et al.  A closed-form expression for write amplification in NAND Flash , 2010, 2010 IEEE Globecom Workshops.

[125]  Peter J. Varman,et al.  mClock: Handling Throughput Variability for Hypervisor IO Scheduling , 2010, OSDI.

[126]  Mohammed Azmi Al-Betar,et al.  A survey of techniques for architecting SLC/MLC/TLC hybrid Flash memory–based SSDs , 2018, Concurr. Comput. Pract. Exp..

[127]  Rajesh K. Gupta,et al.  Moneta: A High-Performance Storage Array Architecture for Next-Generation, Non-volatile Memories , 2010, 2010 43rd Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture.

[128]  Miriam Leeser,et al.  Accelerating big data applications using lightweight virtualization framework on enterprise cloud , 2017, 2017 IEEE High Performance Extreme Computing Conference (HPEC).

[129]  Maxim Sviridenko,et al.  A note on maximizing a submodular set function subject to a knapsack constraint , 2004, Oper. Res. Lett..

[130]  Khaled Ben Letaief,et al.  LRC: Dependency-aware cache management for data analytics clusters , 2017, IEEE INFOCOM 2017 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications.

[131]  Siyuan Ma,et al.  S-CAVE: Effective SSD caching to improve virtual machine storage performance , 2013, Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques.

[132]  Yan Solihin,et al.  Non-volatile memory host controller interface performance analysis in high-performance I/O systems , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software (ISPASS).

[133]  Yuqing Zhu,et al.  BigDataBench: A big data benchmark suite from internet services , 2014, 2014 IEEE 20th International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA).

[134]  Yutao Zhong,et al.  Predicting whole-program locality through reuse distance analysis , 2003, PLDI.

[135]  Ningfang Mi,et al.  Enhancing SSDs with multi-stream: What? why? how? , 2017, 2017 IEEE 36th International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC).

[136]  Jin-Soo Kim,et al.  NVMeDirect: A User-space I/O Framework for Application-specific Optimization on NVMe SSDs , 2016, HotStorage.

[137]  Siyu Huang,et al.  Cyber-physical system enabled nearby traffic flow modelling for autonomous vehicles , 2017, 2017 IEEE 36th International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC).

[138]  Miriam Leeser,et al.  FIM: Performance Prediction for Parallel Computation in Iterative Data Processing Applications , 2017, 2017 IEEE 10th International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD).

[139]  Guoqiang Li,et al.  An enhanced extreme learning machine based on ridge regression for regression , 2011, Neural Computing and Applications.

[140]  Tao Li,et al.  Characterizing the efficiency of data deduplication for big data storage management , 2013, 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Workload Characterization (IISWC).

[141]  Stratis Ioannidis,et al.  Budget Feasible Mechanisms for Experimental Design , 2013, LATIN.

[142]  Jihong Kim,et al.  Improving I/O Resource Sharing of Linux Cgroup for NVMe SSDs on Multi-core Systems , 2016, HotStorage.

[143]  Jian Xu,et al.  NOVA: A Log-structured File System for Hybrid Volatile/Non-volatile Main Memories , 2016, FAST.

[144]  John Bent,et al.  Hybrid flash arrays for HPC storage systems: An alternative to burst buffers , 2017, 2017 IEEE High Performance Extreme Computing Conference (HPEC).

[145]  Hyojun Kim,et al.  Evaluating Phase Change Memory for Enterprise Storage Systems: A Study of Caching and Tiering Approaches , 2014, TOS.

[146]  Daan Wierstra,et al.  Deep AutoRegressive Networks , 2013, ICML.

[147]  Akshat Verma,et al.  SRCMap: Energy Proportional Storage Using Dynamic Consolidation , 2010, FAST.

[148]  R. Manimegalai,et al.  Dynamic replica placement and selection strategies in data grids - A comprehensive survey , 2014, J. Parallel Distributed Comput..

[149]  Yi Yao,et al.  Admission control in YARN clusters based on dynamic resource reservation , 2015, 2015 IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM).