Stability of the Oil-Air Boundary in Fluid Dynamic Bearings of Hard Disk Drives

Recently, the use of fluid dynamic bearing spindle motors in hard-disk drive applications has been widespread, due to lowering acoustical noise, minimizing Non Repeatable Runout (NRRO) and improving reliability [1]. Figure 1a shows a schematic of a sample disk drive, and a cross-section of the spindle (or stator) and the rotor. Typical spatial dimensions are shown in the figure. Characteristic rotation rates for server drives are between 10,000 and 15,000 rpm, while laptop drives may be 4,500 rpm. The focus of this report is the stability of the meniscus region during operation. Note that the spindle and stator have smooth surfaces, unlike those found near the bearing region (see the MPI 2004 report for more information, or [3]). For this report, we assume that any disturbance pressures from the fluid-dynamic bearing region are neglible. Note from Table 1, hydrostatic pressures are small compared to the capillary pressures (e.g. Bo ≈ 50). Hence, the tilt of the axis, as shown in Figure 1, need not be considered. We investigated two different geometries: the slot problem (see Figure 1b) and the cylindrical problem (see Figure 1c). The slot problem consists to parallel plates of infinite extent (compared to the gap thickness). A plane Couette flow is driven with one plate moving perpendicularly to the plane of Figure 1b, and we consider the stability of this configuration in the limit of zero Reynolds number. The inviscid limit of this case has been considered by [4]. In this limit, viscous normal and tangential stresses are ignored, and any contact-line dynamics need not be considered. Figure 2 (Fig. 2 from [4]) shows the stability of an inviscid disturbance of a flat interface base state with Couette flow. Note that in the limit of interest here, the critical wavenumber of the disturbance centers near k ≈ 6, and based on the Froude number of the system, a wide band of unstable modes is possible under normal operation. However, the inviscid analysis needs to neglect tangential stresses at the fluid boundaries, so that wettability effects and viscous stresses are neglected. In this application, they appear to play a significant, if not dominant role. In the work that follows, we consider the Re → 0 limit, and find that this system remains stable for all of the eigenvalues found. Our analysis includes finite contact-angle effects near the trijunctions.