Ignorance and Uncertainty

Ignorance and Uncertainty overviews a variety of approaches to the problem of indeterminacies in human thought and behavior. This book examines, in depth, trends in the psychology of judgment and decision-making under uncertainty or ignorance. Research from the fields of cognitive psychology, social psychology, organizational studies, sociology, and social anthroplogy are reviewed here in anticipation of what Dr. Smithson characterizes as the beginning of a "creative dialogue between these researchers." Ignorance and Uncertainty offers the conceptual framework for understanding the paradigms associated with current research. It discusses the ways in which attitudes toward ignorance and uncertainty are changing, and addresses issues previously ignored.

[1]  J. H. Tufts Human Nature and the Social Order. , 2022 .

[2]  H. Jeffreys A Treatise on Probability , 1922, Nature.

[3]  R. Hartley Transmission of information , 1928 .

[4]  Hans Reichenbach,et al.  The theory of probability , 1968 .

[5]  T. Abel,et al.  Mind, Self, and Society , 1934 .

[6]  M. Black Vagueness. An Exercise in Logical Analysis , 1937, Philosophy of Science.

[7]  A. Wald,et al.  Probability, statistics and truth , 1939 .

[8]  Ernest Nagel,et al.  Principles of the Theory of Probability , 1939 .

[9]  K. Mannheim,et al.  Ideology and Utopia. , 1940 .

[10]  B. O. Koopman The bases of probability , 1940 .

[11]  George F. James,et al.  Relevancy, Probability and the Law , 1941 .

[12]  R. H. Simpson,et al.  The specific meanings of certain terms indicating differing degrees of frequency. , 1944 .

[13]  L. Postman,et al.  The psychology of rumor , 1947 .

[14]  Wilbert E. Moore,et al.  Some Social Functions of Ignorance , 1949 .

[15]  R. Merton Social Theory and Social Structure , 1958 .

[16]  F. Attneave,et al.  The Organization of Behavior: A Neuropsychological Theory , 1949 .

[17]  Charles J. Merdinger A history of civil engineering , 1949 .

[18]  T. Adorno The Authoritarian Personality , 1950 .

[19]  L. Stein,et al.  Probability and the Weighing of Evidence , 1950 .

[20]  G. Simmel The sociology of Georg Simmel , 1950 .

[21]  J. Cornfield,et al.  A method of estimating comparative rates from clinical data; applications to cancer of the lung, breast, and cervix. , 1951, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[22]  H. Markowitz The Utility of Wealth , 1952, Journal of Political Economy.

[23]  David Lindley,et al.  Logical foundations of probability , 1951 .

[24]  F. Barron,et al.  Complexity-simplicity as a personality dimension. , 1953, Journal of abnormal psychology.

[25]  D. Mcclelland,et al.  The Achievement Motive , 1954 .

[26]  M. Allais Le comportement de l'homme rationnel devant le risque : critique des postulats et axiomes de l'ecole americaine , 1953 .

[27]  W. Edwards,et al.  Variance preferences in gambling. , 1954, The American journal of psychology.

[28]  D. Cartwright Social Learning and Clinical Psychology. , 1955 .

[29]  Oscar Oppenheimer,et al.  MAN FOR HIMSELF , 1955 .

[30]  P. Meehl,et al.  Antecedent probability and the efficiency of psychometric signs, patterns, or cutting scores. , 1955, Psychological bulletin.

[31]  E. J. Dearnaley,et al.  The addition of subjective probabilities:The summation of estimates of success and failure , 1956 .

[32]  E BLACKER,et al.  The generality of cognitive complexity in the perception of people and inkblots. , 1956, Journal of abnormal psychology.

[33]  Ludwig Wittgenstein,et al.  Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics , 1957, Mathematical Gazette.

[34]  J. W. Atkinson Motivational determinants of risk-taking behavior. , 1957, Psychological review.

[35]  A. Flew,et al.  Patterns of Discovery. , 1961 .

[36]  F. Heider The psychology of interpersonal relations , 1958 .

[37]  E. J. Dearnaley,et al.  Skill and change: variations in estimates of skill with an increasing element of chance. , 1958, British journal of psychology.

[38]  C. R. Fay The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory , 1958 .

[39]  C. Kraft,et al.  Intuitive Probability on Finite Sets , 1959 .

[40]  C. Mills The Sociological Imagination , 1959 .

[41]  Richard T. Johnson,et al.  A study of words indicating frequency. , 1959 .

[42]  E. Goffman The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life , 1959 .

[43]  G. C. J. Midgley The Logical Problem of Induction , 1959 .

[44]  JOHN COHEN,et al.  Preferences for Different Combinations of Chance and Skill in Gambling , 1959, Nature.

[45]  I. Good Weight of Evidence, Corroboration, Explanatory Power, Information and the Utility of Experiments , 1960 .

[46]  Clyde H. Coombs,et al.  Components of risk in decision making: Probability and variance preferences. , 1960 .

[47]  P. Wason On the Failure to Eliminate Hypotheses in a Conceptual Task , 1960 .

[48]  H. Kyburg Probability and Rationality , 1961 .

[49]  D. Ellsberg Decision, probability, and utility: Risk, ambiguity, and the Savage axioms , 1961 .

[50]  W. Fellner Distortion of Subjective Probabilities as a Reaction to Uncertainty , 1961 .

[51]  Tom R. Burns,et al.  The Management of Innovation. , 1963 .

[52]  W. Edwards Behavioral decision theory. , 1961, Annual review of psychology.

[53]  Milton Rokeach,et al.  The Open and Closed Mind , 1961 .

[54]  R J HERRNSTEIN,et al.  Relative and absolute strength of response as a function of frequency of reinforcement. , 1961, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior.

[55]  Ward Edwards,et al.  Utility, subjective probability, their interaction, and variance preferences , 1962 .

[56]  S. Budner Intolerance of ambiguity as a personality variable. , 1962, Journal of personality.

[57]  Irving John Good,et al.  Subjective Probability as the Measure of a Non-measurable Set , 1962 .

[58]  Stuart Oskamp,et al.  The relationship of clinical experience and training methods to several criteria of clinical prediction. , 1962 .

[59]  Robert W. Kates,et al.  Hazard And Choice Perception In Flood Plain Management , 1962 .

[60]  E. Goffman Stigma; Notes On The Management Of Spoiled Identity , 1964 .

[61]  R. H. Simpson,et al.  Stability in meanings for quantitative terms: A comparison over 20 years , 1963 .

[62]  A. Koestler The Act of Creation , 1964 .

[63]  David B. Houston,et al.  Risk, Insurance, and Sampling , 1964 .

[64]  Behaviour in uncertainty : and its social implications , 1964 .

[65]  G. S. Tune RESPONSE PREFERENCES: A REVIEW OF SOME RELEVANT LITERATURE. , 1964, Psychological bulletin.

[66]  H. M. Jenkins,et al.  JUDGMENT OF CONTINGENCY BETWEEN RESPONSES AND OUTCOMES. , 1965, Psychological monographs.

[67]  S L Warner,et al.  Randomized response: a survey technique for eliminating evasive answer bias. , 1965, Journal of the American Statistical Association.

[68]  N. W. Braroe Reciprocal Exploitation in an Indian-White Community , 1965, Southwestern Journal of Anthropology.

[69]  M. Shubik,et al.  A Behavioral Theory of the Firm. , 1964 .

[70]  A. M. Walker,et al.  Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics. By Marek Fisz. Pp. xvi, 677. 115s. 1963. (John Wiley and Sons: New York, London) , 1965, The Mathematical Gazette.

[71]  E. Trist,et al.  The Causal Texture of Organizational Environments , 1965 .

[72]  Science as a Social Institution , 1966 .

[73]  George J. McCall,et al.  Identities and interactions , 1966 .

[74]  Roy J. Lewicki,et al.  Temporal orientation and perceived control as determinants of risk-taking. , 1966 .

[75]  Joan C. Woodward Industrial Organization: Theory and Practice , 1966 .

[76]  D G Morrison,et al.  On the consistency of preferences in Allais' paradox. , 1967, Behavioral science.

[77]  Henri Theil,et al.  Economics and information theory , 1967 .

[78]  L. Beach,et al.  Man as an Intuitive Statistician , 2022 .

[79]  J. Overmier,et al.  Effects of inescapable shock upon subsequent escape and avoidance responding. , 1967, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[80]  James D. Thompson Organizations in Action , 1967 .

[81]  Dieter Klaua,et al.  Ein Ansatz zur mehrwertigen Mengenlehre , 1967 .

[82]  Martin Kenneth Starr,et al.  The structure of human decisions , 1967 .

[83]  R. Luce Sufficient Conditions for the Existence of a Finitely Additive Probability Measure , 1967 .

[84]  B. Russell Portraits From Memory and Other Essays , 1967 .

[85]  Ian Hacking,et al.  Slightly More Realistic Personal Probability , 1967, Philosophy of Science.

[86]  J. Douglas The social meanings of suicide , 1968 .

[87]  J. Henslin,et al.  Craps and Magic , 1967, American Journal of Sociology.

[88]  H. Garfinkel Studies in Ethnomethodology , 1968 .

[89]  B. Schwartz The Social Psychology of Privacy , 1968, American Journal of Sociology.

[90]  Shirley Terreberry The Evolution of Organizational Environments , 1968 .

[91]  J. Atkinson On the Sociology of Suicide , 1968, The Sociological review.

[92]  P. Wason >On the Failure to Eliminate Hypotheses...< – A Second Look , 1968 .

[93]  Edwin T. Jaynes,et al.  Prior Probabilities , 1968, Encyclopedia of Machine Learning.

[94]  L. Zadeh Probability measures of Fuzzy events , 1968 .

[95]  Howard Raiffa,et al.  Decision analysis: introductory lectures on choices under uncertainty. 1968. , 1969, M.D.Computing.

[96]  E. Poulton The new psychophysics: Six models for magnitude estimation. , 1968 .

[97]  M. Hakel,et al.  How often is often? , 1968, The American psychologist.

[98]  Paul Slovic,et al.  Manipulating the attractiveness of a gamble without changing its expected value. , 1969 .

[99]  H. Blumer,et al.  Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method , 1988 .

[100]  W. R. Simmons,et al.  The Unrelated Question Randomized Response Model: Theoretical Framework , 1969 .

[101]  Ian I. Mitroff,et al.  The Subjective Side of Science , 1969 .

[102]  E. E. Kramer,et al.  The nature and growth of modern mathematics , 1970 .

[103]  David Lindley,et al.  THE ESTIMATION OF MANY PARAMETERS , 1970 .

[104]  C. Perrow Organizational Analysis: A Sociological View , 1970 .

[105]  R. Harré The Principles Of Scientific Thinking , 1970 .

[106]  Information and choice , 1970 .

[107]  A. Tesser,et al.  On reluctance to communicate undesirable information: The MUM effect. , 1970 .

[108]  Robert S. Wyer,et al.  Quantitative Prediction of Belief and Opinion Change: A Further Test of a Subjective Probability Model. , 1970 .

[109]  N. Anderson,et al.  Information integration in risky decision making , 1970 .

[110]  MAURICE CROSLAND,et al.  Foundations of Science , 1970, Nature.

[111]  Patrick Suppes,et al.  Foundations of measurement , 1971 .

[112]  Paul Slovic,et al.  Comparison of Bayesian and Regression Approaches to the Study of Information Processing in Judgment. , 1971 .

[113]  S. Warner The Linear Randomized Response Model , 1971 .

[114]  Juri Pill,et al.  The Delphi method: Substance, context, a critique and an annotated bibliography , 1971 .

[115]  P. Slovic,et al.  Reversals of preference between bids and choices in gambling decisions. , 1971 .

[116]  A. Tversky,et al.  BELIEF IN THE LAW OF SMALL NUMBERS , 1971, Pediatrics.

[117]  R. Simon,et al.  Quantifying Burdens of Proof: A View from the Bench, the Jury, and the Classroom , 1971 .

[118]  Donald M. Johnson,et al.  Systematic introduction to the psychology of thinking , 1972 .

[119]  Michael X Cohen,et al.  A Garbage Can Model of Organizational Choice. , 1972 .

[120]  N. Dalkey An Impossibility Theorem for Group Probability Functions , 1972 .

[121]  A. Tversky,et al.  Subjective Probability: A Judgment of Representativeness , 1972 .

[122]  I. Janis Victims Of Groupthink , 1972 .

[123]  John Cohen,et al.  A CONFIRMATION OF THE INERTIAL‐ψ EFFECT IN SEQUENTIAL CHOICE AND DECISION , 1972 .

[124]  Paul Slovic,et al.  From Shakespeare to Simon: speculations--and some evidence-- about man's ability to process information , 1972 .

[125]  Paul. Filmer New Directions in Sociological Theory , 1972 .

[126]  J. Ravetz Sociology of Science , 1972, Nature.

[127]  Sidney Rosen,et al.  News Valence and Available Recipient as Determinants of News Transmission , 1972 .

[128]  Settimo Termini,et al.  A Definition of a Nonprobabilistic Entropy in the Setting of Fuzzy Sets Theory , 1972, Inf. Control..

[129]  B. Weiner Theories of motivation : from mechanism to cognition , 1972 .

[130]  D. W. Crancher SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS. , 1972 .

[131]  R. Duncan Characteristics of Organizational Environments and Perceived Environmental Uncertainty. , 1972 .

[132]  P. Johnson-Laird,et al.  Psychology of Reasoning: Structure and Content , 1972 .

[133]  Richard C. T. Lee Fuzzy Logic and the Resolution Principle , 1971, JACM.

[134]  William C. Howell Compounding uncertainty from internal sources. , 1972 .

[135]  M. Hammerton,et al.  A case of radical probability estimation. , 1973 .

[136]  Lita Furby,et al.  Interpreting regression toward the mean in developmental research. , 1973 .

[137]  Maya Bar-Hillel,et al.  On the subjective probability of compound events , 1973 .

[138]  Daniel Kahneman,et al.  Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability , 1973 .

[139]  H. H. Blumbero Communication of interpersonal evaluations , 1973 .

[140]  Paul Slovic,et al.  Response-induced reversals of preference in gambling: An extended replication in las vegas , 1973 .

[141]  Lotfi A. Zadeh,et al.  Outline of a New Approach to the Analysis of Complex Systems and Decision Processes , 1973, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern..

[142]  Henry L. Tosi,et al.  On the Measurement of the Environment: An Assessment of the Lawrence and Lorsch Environmental Uncertainty Subscale , 1973 .

[143]  George Lakoff,et al.  Hedges: A study in meaning criteria and the logic of fuzzy concepts , 1973, J. Philos. Log..

[144]  Richard Bellman,et al.  On the Analytic Formalism of the Theory of Fuzzy Sets , 1973, Inf. Sci..

[145]  H. M. Collins,et al.  The TEA Set: Tacit Knowledge and Scientific Networks , 1974 .

[146]  W. Kenneth Poole Estimation of the Distribution Function of a Continuous Type Random Variable through Randomized Response , 1974 .

[147]  Charles C. Snow,et al.  Organization-Environment: Concepts and Issues , 1974 .

[148]  W M Baum,et al.  On two types of deviation from the matching law: bias and undermatching. , 1974, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior.

[149]  L. Althusser Essays in Self-criticism , 1974 .

[150]  Wayne F. Cascio,et al.  Magnitude estimations of expressions of frequency and amount. , 1974 .

[151]  Herbert Moskowitz,et al.  EFFECTS OF PROBLEM REPRESENTATION AND FEEDBACK ON RATIONAL BEHAVIOR IN ALLAIS AND MORLAT‐TYPE PROBLEMS , 1974 .

[152]  Marvin Minsky,et al.  A framework for representing knowledge , 1974 .

[153]  A. Tversky,et al.  Who accepts Savage's axiom? , 1974 .

[154]  Gerald I. Susman,et al.  Uncertainty and Type of Management System in Continuous Process Organizations , 1974 .

[155]  M. Degroot Reaching a Consensus , 1974 .

[156]  V. Derlega,et al.  Variables Affecting the Appropriateness of Self-Disclosure. , 1974 .

[157]  Freda Conway,et al.  Bayesian Statistics for Social Scientists. , 1974 .

[158]  A. Tversky,et al.  Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases , 1974, Science.

[159]  J. Bezdek Numerical taxonomy with fuzzy sets , 1974 .

[160]  Yaacov Trope,et al.  Seeking information about one's ability as a determinant of choice among tasks , 1975 .

[161]  Hugh Mehan,et al.  The reality of ethnomethodology , 1975 .

[162]  J. Slocum,et al.  Uncertainty: Measures, Research, and Sources of Variation , 1975 .

[163]  E. Rosch,et al.  Family resemblances: Studies in the internal structure of categories , 1975, Cognitive Psychology.

[164]  Edward H. Shortliffe,et al.  A model of inexact reasoning in medicine , 1990 .

[165]  G. Wetherill,et al.  Comparative Statistical Inference , 1974, Technometrics.

[166]  Paul Kay,et al.  Color Categories as Fuzzy Sets. Working Papers of the Language Behavior Research Laboratory. No. 44. , 1975 .

[167]  B. Gaines Stochastic and fuzzy logics , 1975 .

[168]  Dean C. Barnlund,et al.  Communicative Styles in Two Cultures: Japan and the United States , 1975 .

[169]  T. Fine,et al.  The Emergence of Probability , 1976 .

[170]  Sidney Rosen,et al.  The Reluctance to Transmit Bad News , 1975 .

[171]  Robin M. Hogarth,et al.  Cognitive Processes and the Assessment of Subjective Probability Distributions , 1975 .

[172]  B. H. Beach Expert judgment about uncertainty: Bayesian decision making in realistic settings. , 1975, Organizational behavior and human performance.

[173]  B. Lev Environmental Uncertainty Reduction by Smoothing and Buffering: An Empirical Verification , 1975 .

[174]  P. Unger,et al.  Ignorance: A Case for Scepticism. , 1976 .

[175]  L. L. Cummings,et al.  ORGANIZATIONAL ENVIRONMENT, DIFFERENTIATION AND PERCEIVED ENVIRONMENTAL UNCERTAINTY1 , 1976 .

[176]  Victor F. Weisskopf,et al.  Reactor safety study , 1976 .

[177]  Ola Svenson,et al.  On decision rules and information processing strategies for choices among multiattribute alternatives , 1976 .

[178]  Glenn Shafer,et al.  A Mathematical Theory of Evidence , 2020, A Mathematical Theory of Evidence.

[179]  E. Frankel Corpuscular Optics and the Wave Theory of Light: The Science and Politics of a Revolution in Physics , 1976 .

[180]  V. Derlega,et al.  Friendship and disclosure reciprocity. , 1976 .

[181]  Lotfi A. Zadeh,et al.  A fuzzy-algorithmic approach to the definition of complex or imprecise concepts , 1976 .

[182]  D. Chubin State of the Field The Conceptualization of Scientific Specialties , 1976 .

[183]  Johan P. Olsen,et al.  Ambiguity and choice in organizations , 1976 .

[184]  D. Bloor,et al.  Knowledge and Social Imagery , 1977 .

[185]  Ralph L. Keeney,et al.  Decisions with multiple objectives: preferences and value tradeoffs , 1976 .

[186]  P. Slovic,et al.  Dominance of accuracy information and neglect of base rates in probability estimation , 1976 .

[187]  D. Campbell On the conflicts between biological and social evolution and between psychology and moral tradition. , 1976, Zygon.

[188]  J. Barclay Adams,et al.  A probability model of medical reasoning and theMYCIN model , 1976 .

[189]  B. R. Gainfs Foundations of fuzzy reasoning , 1976 .

[190]  M. Snyder On the Self-Fulfilling Nature of Social Stereotypes. , 1977 .

[191]  Peter A. Morris,et al.  Combining Expert Judgments: A Bayesian Approach , 1977 .

[192]  Behaviour and misbehaviour: Explanations and non-explanations , 1977 .

[193]  Hung T. Nguyen,et al.  On fuzziness and linguistic probabilities , 1977 .

[194]  I. Ajzen Intuitive theories of events and the effects of base-rate information on prediction. , 1977 .

[195]  J. Slocum,et al.  Individual Characteristics as Sources of Perceived Uncertainty Variability , 1977 .

[196]  J. D. Davis Effects of communication about interpersonal process on the evolution of self-disclosure in dyads. , 1977, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[197]  Silviu Guiaşu,et al.  Information theory with applications , 1977 .

[198]  Barbara Laslett,et al.  Privacy and Secrecy: A Conceptual Comparison , 1977 .

[199]  Robert S. Siegler,et al.  Strategies for the Use of Base-Rate Information , 1977 .

[200]  E. Langer The Psychology of Chance , 1977 .

[201]  A. Bonaert Introduction to the theory of Fuzzy subsets , 1977, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[202]  Howard E. Aldrich,et al.  Boundary Spanning Roles and Organization Structure , 1977 .

[203]  I. Janis,et al.  Decision Making: A Psychological Analysis of Conflict, Choice, and Commitment , 1977 .

[204]  David F. Lancy,et al.  Likeness and Likelihood in Everyday Thought: Magical Thinking in Judgments About Personality [and Comments and Reply] , 1977, Current Anthropology.

[205]  W. Stallings,et al.  Fuzzy Set Theory versus Bayesian Statistics , 1977 .

[206]  E. Langer,et al.  Long-term effects of a control-relevant intervention with the institutionalized aged. , 1977, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[207]  B. Fischhoff,et al.  Knowing with Certainty: The Appropriateness of Extreme Confidence. , 1977 .

[208]  S. B. Barnes,et al.  Interests and the growth of knowledge , 1977 .

[209]  V. Derlega,et al.  Sharing Intimacy: What We Reveal to Others and Why , 1977 .

[210]  L. Beach,et al.  A Contingency Model for the Selection of Decision Strategies , 1978 .

[211]  E. Goody Questions and politeness : strategies in social interaction , 1978 .

[212]  S. Henry The hidden economy: The context and control of borderline crime , 1978 .

[213]  Huibert Kwakernaak,et al.  Fuzzy random variables - I. definitions and theorems , 1978, Inf. Sci..

[214]  M. Braine On the Relation Between the Natural Logic of Reasoning and Standard Logic. , 1978 .

[215]  Eleanor Rosch,et al.  Principles of Categorization , 1978 .

[216]  H. Simon,et al.  Rationality as Process and as Product of Thought , 1978 .

[217]  M. Roubens Pattern classification problems and fuzzy sets , 1978 .

[218]  C. McCauley,et al.  An individual and quantitative measure of stereotypes. , 1978 .

[219]  Willett Kempton,et al.  Category grading and taxonomic relations: a mug is a sort of a cup , 1978 .

[220]  J. Frank Yates,et al.  Evaluation of Partially Described Multiattribute Options , 1978 .

[221]  W. Casscells,et al.  Interpretation by physicians of clinical laboratory results. , 1978, The New England journal of medicine.

[222]  Steven Jay Lynn,et al.  Three theories of self-disclosure exchange. , 1978 .

[223]  D. Navon The importance of being conservative: Some reflections on human Bayesian behaviour , 1978 .

[224]  D. A. Seaver,et al.  Eliciting subjective probability distributions on continuous variables , 1978 .

[225]  E. Backer,et al.  Cluster analysis by optimal decomposition of induced fuzzy sets , 1978 .

[226]  M. A. Milburn,et al.  Sources of bias in the prediction of future events , 1978 .

[227]  R. Goldsmith Assessing probabilities of compound events in a judicial context , 1978 .

[228]  W. C. Howell,et al.  Uncertainty measurement: A cognitive taxonomy , 1978 .

[229]  M. Seligman,et al.  Learned helplessness in humans: critique and reformulation. , 1978, Journal of abnormal psychology.

[230]  R E Miles,et al.  Organizational strategy, structure, and process. , 1978, Academy of management review. Academy of Management.

[231]  Joyce Rothschild-Whitt,et al.  The Collectivist Organization: An Alternative to Rational-Bureaucratic Models , 1979 .

[232]  L. Cohen,et al.  On the psychology of prediction: Whose is the fallacy? , 1979, Cognition.

[233]  Uncertainty-reducing properties of achievement tasks. , 1979 .

[234]  L. Ross,et al.  Biased Assimilation and Attitude Polarization: The Effects of Prior Theories on Subsequently Considered Evidence , 1979 .

[235]  C. Plott,et al.  Economic Theory of Choice and the Preference Reversal Phenomenon , 1979 .

[236]  M. R. D’amato,et al.  Preference for information about shock duration in rats , 1979 .

[237]  M. Ross,et al.  Egocentric Biases in Availability and Attribution , 1979 .

[238]  Jacques Cohen,et al.  Two Algorithms for Determining Volumes of Convex Polyhedra , 1979, JACM.

[239]  Rosalie L. Tung Dimensions of Organizational Environments: An Exploratory Study of Their Impact on Organization Structure , 1979 .

[240]  R. Yager ON THE MEASURE OF FUZZINESS AND NEGATION Part I: Membership in the Unit Interval , 1979 .

[241]  Dispute over cancer risk quantification. , 1979, Science.

[242]  J. Harsh,et al.  Choosing between predictable and unpredictable shock conditions: Data and theory. , 1979 .

[243]  R. Tarling,et al.  Evidence, Proof and Probability. , 1979 .

[244]  Charles Derber,et al.  The Pursuit of Attention: Power and Ego in Everyday Life , 1979 .

[245]  M. Kochen Enhancement of coping through blurring , 1979 .

[246]  E. T. Jaynes,et al.  Where do we Stand on Maximum Entropy , 1979 .

[247]  B. Loasby The External Control of Organizations. A Resource Dependence Perspective , 1979 .

[248]  Ronald R. Yager,et al.  A note on probabilities of fuzzy events , 1979, Inf. Sci..

[249]  Ole Hagen,et al.  Towards a Positive Theory of Preferences under Risk , 1979 .

[250]  R. Giles A formal system for fuzzy reasoning , 1979 .

[251]  K. MacCrimmon,et al.  Utility Theory: Axioms Versus ‘Paradoxes’ , 1979 .

[252]  M. Mulkay Science and the sociology of knowledge , 1979 .

[253]  Drew McDermott,et al.  Non-Monotonic Logic I , 1987, Artif. Intell..

[254]  Carol H. Weiss,et al.  Knowledge Creep and Decision Accretion , 1980 .

[255]  J. March Footnotes To Organizational Change , 1980 .

[256]  J. Fox,et al.  Alternatives to Bayes? , 1980, Methods of Information in Medicine.

[257]  David I Blockley,et al.  The nature of structural design and safety , 1980 .

[258]  B. Hanusa,et al.  Experimental Social Gerontology: A Social Psychological Perspective , 1980 .

[259]  N. Weinstein Unrealistic optimism about future life events , 1980 .

[260]  Hans Hahn,et al.  The Crisis in Intuition , 1980 .

[261]  Timothy W. Elig,et al.  Measuring Causal Attributions for Success and Failure , 1980 .

[262]  Y. Trope,et al.  The effects of base rates and individuating information on judgments about another person , 1980 .

[263]  Martin Edman The Probable and the Provable , 1980 .

[264]  M. Gunnar Contingent Stimulation: A Review of its Role in Early Development , 1980 .

[265]  J. Overmier,et al.  Environmental Contingencies as Sources of Stress in Animals , 1980 .

[266]  D. Collingridge The social control of technology , 1980 .

[267]  Raymond Reiter,et al.  A Logic for Default Reasoning , 1987, Artif. Intell..

[268]  L. A. Zadeh Fuzzy sets versus probability , 1980, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[269]  Wayne S. Smith,et al.  Interactive Elicitation of Opinion for a Normal Linear Model , 1980 .

[270]  P. Schoemaker,et al.  Prospect theory's reflection hypothesis: A critical examination , 1980 .

[271]  Richard Lindley Lying: Moral Choice in Public and Private Life , 1980 .

[272]  H. Zimmermann,et al.  Latent connectives in human decision making , 1980 .

[273]  W. R. Finighan,et al.  The Concept of Privacy from a Symbolic Interaction Perspective , 1980 .

[274]  M. Bar-Hillel The base-rate fallacy in probability judgments. , 1980 .

[275]  J. Gentry,et al.  Investigation of the preference-reversal phenomenon in a new product introduction task , 1980 .

[276]  B. Fischhoff,et al.  Training for calibration. , 1980 .

[277]  Baruch Fischhoff,et al.  For Those Condemned to Study the Past: Reflections on Historical Judgment , 1980 .

[278]  R. Fox,et al.  The evolution of medical uncertainty. , 1980, The Milbank Memorial Fund quarterly. Health and society.

[279]  G R Norman,et al.  Expressions of probability: words and numbers. , 1980, The New England journal of medicine.

[280]  W. C. Clark,et al.  Witches, Floods, and Wonder Drugs: Historical Perspectives on Risk Management , 1980 .

[281]  Daniel G. Kopp,et al.  A Buffering Response in Light of Variation in Core Technology, Perceived Environmental Uncertainty, and Size , 1980 .

[282]  L. J. Bourgeois,et al.  Strategy and Environment: A Conceptual Integration , 1980 .

[283]  M. Kline Mathematics: The Loss of Certainty , 1982 .

[284]  M. Stanton,et al.  Ontogeny and Phylogeny of Paradoxical Reward Effects1 , 1980 .

[285]  R. Hogarth Judgement and choice: The psychology of decision , 1982 .

[286]  N. Anderson Foundations of information integration theory , 1981 .

[287]  Ruth Beyth-Marom The Subjective Probability of Conjunctions , 1981 .

[288]  J. B. Paris MATHEMATICS IN THE ALTERNATIVE SET THEORY , 1981 .

[289]  James V. Zidek,et al.  Multi-Bayesian Statistical Decision Theory , 1981 .

[290]  K. Knorr-Cetina The Manufacture of Knowledge , 1981 .

[291]  J. March,et al.  Information in Organizations as Signal and Symbol. , 1981 .

[292]  R. Hogarth,et al.  BEHAVIORAL DECISION THEORY: PROCESSES OF JUDGMENT AND CHOICE , 1981 .

[293]  M. Tushman,et al.  Characteristics and External Orientations of Boundary Spanning Individuals , 1981 .

[294]  K. McConway Marginalization and Linear Opinion Pools , 1981 .

[295]  L. Cohen Can human irrationality be experimentally demonstrated? , 1981, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[296]  R. Wolff,et al.  Note-On the Aggregation of Individual Probability Estimates , 1981 .

[297]  Spyros Makridakis,et al.  The Value of Decision Making in a Complex Environment: An Experimental Approach , 1981 .

[298]  R. Hogarth Beyond discrete biases: Functional and dysfunctional aspects of judgmental heuristics. , 1981 .

[299]  H. P. Sims,et al.  Perceived Environmental Uncertainty: An Individual or Environmental Attribute? , 1981 .

[300]  Max H. Bazerman,et al.  Interlocking Directorates: A Strategy for Reducing Environmental Uncertainty , 1981 .

[301]  E. A. Locke,et al.  Goal setting and task performance: 1969–1980. , 1981 .

[302]  R. L. Wilder Mathematics as a cultural system , 1981 .

[303]  R. Sternberg,et al.  Evaluation of evidence in causal inference. , 1981 .

[304]  C. Wagner,et al.  Rational Consensus in Science and Society , 1981 .

[305]  Jennifer Crocker,et al.  Judgment of Covariation by Social Perceivers , 1981 .

[306]  Nuclear Power and Its Environmental Effects , 1981 .

[307]  J. Brehm,et al.  Psychological Reactance: A Theory of Freedom and Control , 1981 .

[308]  Jay J.J. Christensen-Szalanski,et al.  Physicians' use of probabilistic information in a real clinical setting. , 1981 .

[309]  Richard O. Duda,et al.  Subjective bayesian methods for rule-based inference systems , 1976, AFIPS '76.

[310]  M. Tushman,et al.  Boundary Spanning Individuals: Their Role in Information Transfer and Their Antecedents , 1981 .

[311]  A. Tversky,et al.  The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. , 1981, Science.

[312]  M. Eytan,et al.  Fuzzy sets: A topos-logical point of view , 1981 .

[313]  Gerald Nadler,et al.  The planning and design approach , 1981 .

[314]  Lola L. Lopes Decision Making in the Short Run. , 1981 .

[315]  Mark Snyder,et al.  Seek, and ye shall find: Testing hypotheses about other people: The Ontario Symposium , 1981 .

[316]  J. Weisz,et al.  Changing the world and changing the self: A two-process model of perceived control. , 1982 .

[317]  K. Schneider,et al.  Risk taking in achievement-oriented situations: Do people really maximize affect or competence information? , 1982 .

[318]  A. Tversky,et al.  The simulation heuristic , 1982 .

[319]  What Subjects of Survey Research Believe about Confidentiality , 1982 .

[320]  T. Fine,et al.  Towards a Frequentist Theory of Upper and Lower Probability , 1982 .

[321]  E. Manes A class of fuzzy theories , 1982 .

[322]  Arie Rip,et al.  The development of restrictedness in the sciences , 1982 .

[323]  Yasuhiro Nageishi,et al.  The concept of uncertainty in animal experiments using aversive stimulation , 1982 .

[324]  J. Cacioppo,et al.  The need for cognition. , 1982 .

[325]  Ronald R. Yager Fuzzy set and possibility theory : recent developments , 1982 .

[326]  John D. Kalbfleisch,et al.  ESTIMATION OF SMALL PROBABILITIES AND RISK ASSESSMENT. , 1982 .

[327]  M. Machina "Expected Utility" Analysis without the Independence Axiom , 1982 .

[328]  Ruth Beyth-Marom,et al.  How probable is probable? A numerical translation of verbal probability expressions , 1982 .

[329]  H. Carter Fuzzy Sets and Systems — Theory and Applications , 1982 .

[330]  A. Dawid The Well-Calibrated Bayesian , 1982 .

[331]  Andrew M. Pitts,et al.  Fuzzy sets do not form a topos , 1982 .

[332]  W. Glueck,et al.  Can Environmental Volatility Be Measured Objectively , 1982 .

[333]  Lola L. Lopes Doing the impossible: A note on induction and the experience of randomness. , 1982 .

[334]  Robin Giles,et al.  Semantics for fuzzy reasoning , 1982 .

[335]  Norman H. Anderson,et al.  Methods of information integration theory , 1982 .

[336]  G. Shafer The Enterprise of Knowledge: An Essay on Knowledge, Credal Probability, and Chance , 1982 .

[337]  John W. Payne,et al.  Contingent decision behavior. , 1982 .

[338]  Carl G. Wagner,et al.  Allocation, Lehrer models, and the consensus of probabilities , 1982 .

[339]  Paul D. Tolchinsky,et al.  A Survey of Employee Perceptions of Information Privacy in Organizations , 1982 .

[340]  Ideology and Social Psychology , 1982 .

[341]  D. Berkeley,et al.  Structuring decision problems and the ‘bias heuristic’ , 1982 .

[342]  R. Yager MEASURING TRANQUILITY AND ANXIETY IN DECISION MAKING: AN APPLICATION OF FUZZY SETS , 1982 .

[343]  L. A. Zadeh,et al.  A note on prototype theory and fuzzy sets , 1982, Cognition.

[344]  David Lindley Scoring rules and the inevitability of probability , 1982 .

[345]  G. Klir,et al.  ON MEASURES OF FUZZINESS AND FUZZY COMPLEMENTS , 1982 .

[346]  Dan Zakay,et al.  The relationship between the probability assessor and the outcomes of an event as a determiner of subjective probability , 1983 .

[347]  Alf Zimmer,et al.  Verbal Vs. Numerical Processing of Subjective Probabilities , 1983 .

[348]  Detlof von Winterfeldt,et al.  Pitfalls of Decision Analysis , 1983 .

[349]  Walter F. Bischof,et al.  The Role of Heuristics in Models of Decision , 1983 .

[350]  J. Hartigan Theories of Probability , 1983 .

[351]  Robert C. Moore Semantical Considerations on Nonmonotonic Logic , 1985, IJCAI.

[352]  Maya Bar-Hillel,et al.  The Base Rate Fallacy Controversy , 1983 .

[353]  I. Good Good Thinking: The Foundations of Probability and Its Applications , 1983 .

[354]  Thomas S. Wallsten,et al.  The Theoretical Status of Judgmental Heuristics1) , 1983 .

[355]  M. Nakao,et al.  Numbers are better than words. Verbal specifications of frequency have no place in medicine. , 1983, The American journal of medicine.

[356]  Paul R. Cohen,et al.  A Theory of Heuristic Reasoning About Uncertainty , 1983, AI Mag..

[357]  Hal R. Arkes,et al.  Estimates of contingency between two dichotomous variables. , 1983 .

[358]  Amos Tversky,et al.  Risk: The Long and the Short. , 1983 .

[359]  B. Fischhoff,et al.  Hypothesis Evaluation from a Bayesian Perspective. , 1983 .

[360]  Suzanne M. Miller,et al.  Interacting effects of information and coping style in adapting to gynecologic stress: should the doctor tell all? , 1983, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[361]  Lawrence D. Phillips,et al.  A Theoretical Perspective on Heuristics and Biases in Probabilistic Thinking , 1983 .

[362]  Oswald Huber The Information Presented and Actually Processed in a Decision Task , 1983 .

[363]  J. C. Carrega Short communication: The categories Set H and Fuz H , 1983 .

[364]  James V. Zidek,et al.  Elements of Multi-Bayesian Decision Theory , 1983 .

[365]  M. Birnbaum Base Rates in Bayesian Inference: Signal Detection Analysis of the Cab Problem , 1983 .

[366]  R. R. Miller,et al.  Signaled tailshock is perceived as similar to a stronger unsignaled tailshock: implications for a functional analysis of classical conditioning. , 1983, Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes.

[367]  D. Ponasse Short communication: Some remarks on the category Fuz(H) of M. Eytan , 1983 .

[368]  Michael Smithson,et al.  Variables Affecting the Perception of Self-Disclosure Appropriateness , 1983 .

[369]  Shelley E. Taylor Adjustment to threatening events: A theory of cognitive adaptation. , 1983 .

[370]  H. Jungermann The Two Camps on Rationality , 1983 .

[371]  B. Natvig Possibility versus probability , 1983 .

[372]  D. I. Blockley,et al.  Measures of uncertainty , 1983 .

[373]  W. Kempton,et al.  Tarahumara color modifiers: category structure presaging evolutionary change , 1983 .

[374]  Maya Bar-Hillel,et al.  Representativeness and fallacies of probability judgment , 1984 .

[375]  L. Phillips A theory of requisite decision models , 1984 .

[376]  J. E. Mazur Tests of an equivalence rule for fixed and variable reinforcer delays. , 1984 .

[377]  Stephen J. Hoch,et al.  Availability and interference in predictive judgment. , 1984 .

[378]  Probability, objectivity, and evidence , 1984 .

[379]  Alf C. Zimmer,et al.  A Model for the Interpretation of Verbal Predictions , 1984, Int. J. Man Mach. Stud..

[380]  A Pollatsek,et al.  Beliefs underlying random sampling , 1984, Memory & cognition.

[381]  R. Yager A representation of the probability of a fuzzy subset , 1984 .

[382]  B. Fischhoff,et al.  Diagnosticity and the base-rate effect , 1984, Memory & cognition.

[383]  L. Alloy,et al.  Assessment of covariation by humans and animals: The joint influence of prior expectations and current situational information. , 1984 .

[384]  Robert D. Behn,et al.  Quick Analysis for Busy Decision Makers , 1984 .

[385]  Edward H. Shortliffe,et al.  Rule Based Expert Systems: The Mycin Experiments of the Stanford Heuristic Programming Project (The Addison-Wesley series in artificial intelligence) , 1984 .

[386]  R. Whitley The Intellectual and Social Organization of the Sciences (Second Edition: with new introductory chapter entitled 'Science Transformed? The Changing Nature of Knowledge Production at the End of the Twentieth Century') , 1984 .

[387]  Anca L. Ralescu,et al.  Probability and fuzziness , 1984, Inf. Sci..

[388]  Jae-on Kim PRU Measures of Association for Contingency Table Analysis , 1984 .

[389]  Peter C. Fishburn,et al.  SSB utility theory and decision-making under uncertainty , 1984 .

[390]  L. Beach,et al.  The citation bias: Fad and fashion in the judgment and decision literature. , 1984 .

[391]  Vincent T. Covello,et al.  Actual and Perceived Risk: A Review of the Literature , 1984 .

[392]  Paul R. Cohen,et al.  Heuristic reasoning about uncertainty: an artificial intelligence approach , 1984 .

[393]  Hung T. Nguyen On modeling of linguistic information using random sets , 1984, Inf. Sci..

[394]  M. Smithson Multivariate analysis using ‘and’ and ‘or’ , 1984 .

[395]  C. Sparrow The Fractal Geometry of Nature , 1984 .

[396]  P. C. Nutt Types of organizational decision processes. , 1984, Administrative science quarterly.

[397]  Joanne Linnerooth,et al.  The political processing of uncertainty , 1984 .

[398]  A. Sochor The Alternative Set Theory and its Approach to Cantor’s Set Theory , 1984 .

[399]  Isaac Levi,et al.  Decisions and revisions: Truth, fallibility and the growth of knowledge , 1984 .

[400]  Amitava Dutta,et al.  Reasoning with imprecise knowledge in expert systems , 1985, Inf. Sci..

[401]  David Heckerman,et al.  Probabilistic Interpretation for MYCIN's Certainty Factors , 1990, UAI.

[402]  Ronald Prescott Loui,et al.  Interval-Based Decisions for Reasoning Systems , 2013, UAI.

[403]  Robert B. Cialdini,et al.  Influence : how and why people agree to things , 1985 .

[404]  Hung T. Nguyen,et al.  Uncertainty Models for Knowledge-Based Systems; A Unified Approach to the Measurement of Uncertainty , 1985 .

[405]  S. Mineka,et al.  Controllability and predictability in acquired motivation. , 1985, Annual review of psychology.

[406]  Z. Pawlak Rough sets and fuzzy sets , 1985 .

[407]  R. Hogarth,et al.  Ambiguity and Uncertainty in Probabilistic Inference. , 1985 .

[408]  Moshe Shaked,et al.  An Elementary Approach To Thinking Under Uncertainty , 1985 .

[409]  Max Henrion,et al.  A Framework for Comparing Uncertain Inference Systems to Probability , 1985, UAI.

[410]  P. Manicas,et al.  Naturalism, epistemological individualism and “The Strong Programme” in the sociology of knowledge , 1985 .

[411]  D. Dubois,et al.  A NOTE ON MEASURES OF SPECIFICITY FOR FUZZY SETS , 1985 .

[412]  Eric Horvitz,et al.  The Inconsistent Use of Measures of Certainty in Artificial Intelligence Research , 1985, UAI.

[413]  Peter C. Cheeseman,et al.  In Defense of Probability , 1985, IJCAI.

[414]  D. Budescu,et al.  Consistency in interpretation of probabilistic phrases , 1985 .

[415]  S. Cohen,et al.  Visions of Social Control , 1985 .

[416]  Piero P. Bonissone,et al.  Selecting Uncertainty Calculi and Granularity: An Experiment in Trading-off Precision and Complexity , 1985, UAI.

[417]  Didier Dubois,et al.  A review of fuzzy set aggregation connectives , 1985, Inf. Sci..

[418]  Christian Genest,et al.  Modeling Expert Judgments for Bayesian Updating , 1985 .

[419]  James Durbin,et al.  Evolutionary Origins of Statisticians and Statistics , 1985 .

[420]  L. Bourgeois STRATEGIC GOALS, PERCEIVED UNCERTAINTY, AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE IN VOLATILE ENVIRONMENTS , 1985 .

[421]  Philip Mattera Off the Books: The Rise of the Underground Economy , 1985 .

[422]  Laveen N. Kanal,et al.  Consensus Rules , 1985, UAI.

[423]  Benjamin N. Grosof Evidential Confirmation as Transformed Probability , 1985, UAI 1985.

[424]  Robert M. Fung,et al.  Metaprobability and Dempster-Shafer in Evidential Reasoning , 2013, UAI.

[425]  Marvin S. Cohen An Expert System Framework for Non-monotonic Reasoning About Probabilistic Assumptions , 1985, UAI.

[426]  Ellen Hisdal,et al.  Infinite-Valued Logic Based on Two-Valued Logic and Probability. Part 1.2: Different Sources of Fuzziness , 1986, Int. J. Man Mach. Stud..

[427]  Keith William Fairchild,et al.  The Politics of Regulation , 2012 .

[428]  Robin M. Hogarth,et al.  Generalization in Decision Research: The Role of Formal Models , 1986, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics.

[429]  R. Hogarth,et al.  Judging probable cause. , 1986 .

[430]  J. Gibbon,et al.  Cognition and behavior in studies of choice , 1986 .

[431]  Glenn Shafer,et al.  The combination of evidence , 1986, Int. J. Intell. Syst..

[432]  M. Barr FUZZY SET THEORY AND TOPOS THEORY , 1986 .

[433]  Lawrence R. Jauch,et al.  Strategic management of uncertainty , 1986 .

[434]  Richard M. Sorrentino,et al.  Uncertainty orientation, motivation, and cognition. , 1986 .

[435]  Irwin P. Levin,et al.  Framing effects in decisions with completely and incompletely described alternatives , 1986 .

[436]  D. Dubois,et al.  Recent models of uncertainty and imprecision as a basis for decision theory:towards less normative frameworks , 1986 .

[437]  P. Cheeseman Probabilistic versus Fuzzy Reasoning , 1986 .

[438]  James F. Baldwin,et al.  Support logic programming , 1986, Int. J. Intell. Syst..

[439]  Thomas S. Wallsten,et al.  Base rate effects on the interpretations of probability and frequency expressions , 1986 .

[440]  Eric Horvitz,et al.  A Framework for Comparing Alternative Formalisms for Plausible Reasoning , 1986, AAAI.

[441]  M. Douglas Risk Acceptability According to the Social Sciences , 1986 .

[442]  Henry E. Kyburg,et al.  Representing knowledge and evidence for decision , 1986, IPMU.

[443]  R R Macdonald,et al.  Credible conceptions and implausible probabilities. , 1986, The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology.

[444]  M. Oakes Statistical Inference: A Commentary for the Social and Behavioural Sciences , 1986 .

[445]  Christian Genest,et al.  Combining Probability Distributions: A Critique and an Annotated Bibliography , 1986 .

[446]  T. Caraco,et al.  RISK AND FORAGING IN STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTS , 1986 .

[447]  P. Stallen,et al.  About risk communication and risky communication. , 1987, Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis.

[448]  D. Dubois,et al.  Twofold fuzzy sets and rough sets—Some issues in knowledge representation , 1987 .

[449]  G. Klir Where do we stand on measures of uncertainty, ambiguity, fuzziness, and the like? , 1987 .

[450]  R. Kruse,et al.  Statistics with vague data , 1987 .

[451]  J. Klayman,et al.  Confirmation, Disconfirmation, and Informa-tion in Hypothesis Testing , 1987 .

[452]  M. Yaari The Dual Theory of Choice under Risk , 1987 .

[453]  D. Dubois,et al.  Properties of measures of information in evidence and possibility theories , 1987 .

[454]  Willem A. Wagenaar,et al.  Violation of utility theory in unique and repeated gambles , 1987 .

[455]  J. Jaffray,et al.  Experimental comparison of individual behavior under risk and under uncertainty for gains and for losses , 1987 .

[456]  D. J. Navarick Reinforcement Probability and Delay as Determinants of Human Impulsiveness , 1987 .

[457]  Henry E. Kyburg,et al.  Bayesian and Non-Bayesian Evidential Updating , 1987, Artificial Intelligence.

[458]  Frances J. Milliken Three Types of Perceived Uncertainty About the Environment: State, Effect, and Response Uncertainty , 1987 .

[459]  H Rachlin,et al.  Probability and delay in commitment. , 1987, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior.

[460]  Peter Ayton,et al.  Task influences on judgemental forecasting , 1987 .

[461]  M. Machina,et al.  Decision-Making in the Presence of Risk , 1987, Science.

[462]  Robert K. Merton,et al.  Three Fragments From a Sociologist's Notebooks: Establishing the Phenomenon, Specified Ignorance, and Strategic Research Materials , 1987 .

[463]  I. Graham Fuzzy sets and toposes—Towards higher order fuzzy logic , 1987 .

[464]  Roland W. Scholz,et al.  Cognitive Strategies in Stochastic Thinking , 1987 .

[465]  David A. Whetten,et al.  Organizational Effects of Decline and Turbulence. , 1987 .

[466]  S. Miller,et al.  INTRODUCTORY REMARKS , 1952, Public health reports.

[467]  William S. Cooper,et al.  Decision theory as a branch of evolutionary theory: A biological derivation of the savage axioms. , 1987 .

[468]  James Durbin Is a philosophical consensus for statistics attainable , 1988 .

[469]  Gary James Jason,et al.  The Logic of Scientific Discovery , 1988 .

[470]  Rami Zwick,et al.  An Empirical Study of the Integration of Linguistic Probabilities , 1988 .

[471]  Michael Smithson,et al.  When ignorance is adaptive: Not knowing about the nuclear threat , 1988 .

[472]  H. Thomas,et al.  Attitudes Toward Risk and The Risk–Return Paradox: Prospect Theory Explanations , 1988 .

[473]  Roger C. Schank,et al.  SCRIPTS, PLANS, GOALS, AND UNDERSTANDING , 1988 .

[474]  P. Johnstone Open letter to Ian Graham , 1988 .

[475]  A reply to Peter Johnstone's “open letter” , 1988 .

[476]  Jean-Yves Jaffray,et al.  Is savage's independence axiom a universal rationality principle? , 1988 .

[477]  Rami Zwick,et al.  Combining stochastic uncertainty and linguistic inexactness: Theory and experimental evaluation , 1988, Int. J. Approx. Reason..

[478]  R. T. Cox Probability, frequency and reasonable expectation , 1990 .

[479]  Olivia N. Saracho,et al.  Cognitive style and social behavior in young Mexican American children , 1991 .

[480]  V. Weisskopf THE INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR APPLIED SYSTEMS ANALYSIS , 2022 .

[481]  W. R.,et al.  Independence and Bayesian Updating Methods , .