2 Abstract: An ethno ecological study of timber and fuel wood species in Ghulamo Timber Market Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan was conducted to understand the people-plants relationship in the area. Market surveys and interviews of local people were conducted to document ethnoecological uses of timber and fuel wood species. Ghulamo Timber Market is a famous popular wood market of Asia where about 83 wood stocks and 91 saw mill machines are found. It is observed that about 6635 tons timber wood, 1270.5 tons fuel wood and 113.8 tons Saw dust purchased per week in the market. The business of the study area was engaged with 14 timber and fuel wood species belonging to 10 families which were used for various purposes. Populuciliata is playing a vital role in the business market. Acacia nilotica, Acacia modesta and Salix tetrasperma were best fuel wood species while Populus ciliata, Dalbergia sissoo and Melia azadirach are noted as best timber wood species of the market. Tamarix aphylla, Broussonetia papyrifera and Bombax ceiaba are considered as poor quality timber and fuel wood species. Wood is supplied to all over the Pakistan and even exported to our neighbor countries. It is observed that the study area play a key role in the economy of Pakistan. It is important to establish it on scientific basis to earn considerable revenue.