New approach to JPEG 2000 compliant region-of-interest coding

Region Of Interest (ROI) coding is one of the innovative functionalities supported by JPEG 2000, the new ISO/ITU-T still image coding standard developed by the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG). It enables a non-uniform distribution of the image quality between a selected region (the ROI) and the rest of the image (background). This feature is obtained by scaling background coefficients in the wavelet domain. According to the ROI Maxshift method defined in JPEG 2000 part 1 (baseline algorithm), the background bit-planes are down-shifted below all ROI coefficients. In addition, the ROI can have any shape as the latter does not need to be transmitted to a JPEG 2000 decoder (no codestream overhead due to the coding of the shape). On the contrary, this method requires decoding of all ROI coefficients before accessing bit-planes of the background. Furthermore, it uses large shifting values that significantly increase the number of total bit-planes to encode. In JPEG 2000 part 2 (extensions), a generic (Scaling based) ROI coding has been included. This method supports any scaling values. In particular, it allows a rough control on both ROI and background qualities distributions in the codestream, but implies the derivation of a ROI bit-mask at the decoding side. This paper starts by providing some hints on how to choose an optimal Maxshift scaling value, as well as how to pad the ROI extra bits appearing during the shift operation. Then, it proposes an encoding algorithm that combines advantages of both ROI methods. This algorithm can be used by applications where visually lossless ROI*s is acceptable and is based on an extension of the Maxshift method to low scaling values. The generated codestreams remain compliant with the Maxshift decoding algorithm described in JPEG 2000 part 1, and can be consequently handled by any JPEG 2000 decoder.