Frequency effects on vowel reduction in three typologically different languages (dutch, finish, Russian)

Provided is a slit lamp microscope capable of controlling irradiation of slit light and background illumination light interlockingly. Embodiment includes a main illumination system, background illumination system, observation system and controller. The main illumination system includes a first light source unit that outputs first light and slit forming unit that forms a slit with changeable width, and illuminates an eye with the first light having passed through the slit. The background illumination system includes a second light source unit that outputs second light, and illuminates a peripheral area of an eye area irradiated with the first light. The observation system includes an eyepiece lens, imaging device, and group of optical elements that guides reflected light of the first light and reflected light of the second light from the eye to the eyepiece lens and imaging device. The controller interlockingly controls the main illumination system and second light source unit.

[1]  Matthew P. Aylett,et al.  Stochastic suprasegmentals: relationships between redundancy, prosodic structure and care of articulation in spontaneous speech , 2000, INTERSPEECH.

[2]  Anne Cutler,et al.  The predominance of strong initial syllables in the English vocabulary , 1987 .

[3]  C. Fowler Differential Shortening of Repeated Content Words Produced in Various Communicative Contexts , 1988, Language and speech.

[4]  Diana Binnenpoorte,et al.  The IFA corpus: a phonemically segmented dutch "open source" speech database , 2001, INTERSPEECH.

[5]  D Norris,et al.  Merging information in speech recognition: Feedback is never necessary , 2000, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[6]  Anne Cutler Speaking for listening , 1987 .

[7]  P. Lieberman Some Effects of Semantic and Grammatical Context on the Production and Perception of Speech , 1963 .

[8]  Louis C. W. Pols,et al.  An acoustic model of communicative efficiency in consonants and vowels taking into account context distinctiveness , 2003 .

[9]  Anne Cutler,et al.  Spoken word recognition and production , 1995 .

[10]  van Son,et al.  Information Structure and Efficiency in Speech Production , 2022 .

[11]  Mietta Lennes,et al.  On the expected variability of vowel quality in Finnish informal dialogue , 2003 .

[12]  Louis C. W. Pols,et al.  Evidence for efficiency in vowel production , 2002, INTERSPEECH.

[13]  Louis C. W. Pols,et al.  Common and language dependent phonetic differences between read and spontaneous speech in Russian, Finnish and Dutch , 2003 .

[14]  V.W. Zue,et al.  The use of speech knowledge in automatic speech recognition , 1985, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[15]  Louis C. W. Pols,et al.  How efficient is speech , 2003 .

[16]  Louis C. W. Pols,et al.  Effects of stress and lexical structure on speech efficiency , 1999, EUROSPEECH.

[17]  Florien J. van Beinum,et al.  Efficiency as an organizing principle of natural speech , 1998, ICSLP.

[18]  Louis C. W. Pols,et al.  An acoustic description of consonant reduction , 1999, Speech Commun..

[19]  Louis C. W. Pols,et al.  Perisegmental speech improves consonant and vowel identification , 1999, Speech Communication.

[20]  Anne Cutler,et al.  The comparative perspective on spoken-language processing , 1997, Speech Commun..