Does Multitasking Increase or Decrease Persuasion? Effects of Multitasking on Comprehension and Counterarguing

This study examined the effects of multitasking on persuasion, including comprehension andcounterarguingofpersuasivemessages,whichwerepresentedinthreedifferentcontexts: (a) nonmultitasking with full attention paid to the message, (b) multitasking with primary attention paid to the message, and (c) multitasking with secondary attention paid to the message. Consistent with predictions, the results suggested that multitasking reduced the actual and perceived levels of comprehension and also reduced counterarguing. The implications for research on persuasion are further discussed.

[1]  G. Blake Armstrong,et al.  Background Television as an Inhibitor of Cognitive Processing , 1990 .

[2]  Yoori Hwang,et al.  Effects of Exposure to Sexual Content in the Media on Adolescent Sexual Behaviors: The Moderating Role of Multitasking with Media , 2010 .

[3]  L. Gross,et al.  The “Mainstreaming” of America: Violence Profile No. 11 , 1980 .

[4]  Patrick S. Malone,et al.  You can't not believe everything you read. , 1993 .

[5]  Franziska Marquart,et al.  Communication and persuasion : central and peripheral routes to attitude change , 1988 .

[6]  Claude H. Miller,et al.  Adolescent Reactance and Anti-Smoking Campaigns: A Theoretical Approach , 2003, Health communication.

[7]  Pradeep Sopory,et al.  Effects of Background Television on Phonological and Visuo-Spatial Working Memory , 1997 .

[8]  L. Festinger,et al.  ON RESISTANCE TO PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATIONS. , 1964, Journal of abnormal psychology.

[9]  Timothy C. Brock,et al.  Acceptance of persuasion and the inhibition of counterargumentation under various distraction tasks , 1974 .

[10]  Tom H. A. van der Voort,et al.  Combining background media with doing homework: Incidence of background media use and perceived effects , 1996 .

[11]  C. M. Koolstra,et al.  Distraction Effects of Background Soap Operas on Homework Performance: An experimental study enriched with observational data , 2003 .

[12]  Rebecca L Collins,et al.  Media Multitasking: Issues Posed in Measuring the Effects of Television Sexual Content Exposure , 2008, Communication methods and measures.

[13]  Annie Lang,et al.  The limited capacity model of mediated message processing , 2000 .

[14]  S. Toulmin The uses of argument , 1960 .

[15]  Weiyu Zhang,et al.  Situational Factors Competing for Attention , 2010, J. Media Psychol. Theor. Methods Appl..

[16]  Annie Lang,et al.  Defining Audio/Video Redundancy From a Limited- Capacity Information Processing Perspective , 1995 .

[17]  Tom H. A. van der Voort,et al.  The Impact of Background Radio and Television on High School Students' Homework Performance , 2003 .

[18]  Robin L. Nabi,et al.  Explaining the Effects of Narrative in an Entertainment Television Program: Overcoming Resistance to Persuasion , 2010 .

[19]  Robert S. Baron,et al.  Distraction Can Enhance or Reduce Yielding to Propaganda: Thought Disruption Versus Effort Justification , 1976 .

[20]  Se-Hoon Jeong,et al.  Predictors of Multitasking with Media: Media Factors and Audience Factors , 2007 .

[21]  V. Rideout,et al.  Generation M2: Media in the Lives of 8- to 18-Year-Olds , 2010 .

[22]  Larry M. Bartels Messages Received: The Political Impact of Media Exposure , 1993, American Political Science Review.

[23]  Michael B. Hinner Multiple Media Use and Multitasking with Media among High School and College students: A Diary Method 409 , 2010 .

[24]  Russell A Poldrack,et al.  Modulation of competing memory systems by distraction. , 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[25]  Romin W. Tafarodi,et al.  You can't not believe everything you read. , 1993, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[26]  V. Rideout,et al.  Generation M[superscript 2]: Media in the Lives of 8- to 18-Year-Olds. , 2010 .

[27]  Johannes W. J. Beentjes,et al.  Background Television as an Inhibitor of Performance on Easy and Difficult Homework Assignments , 2000, Commun. Res..

[28]  R. Baron,et al.  The relation between distraction and persuasion. , 1973 .

[29]  Blair T. Johnson,et al.  Effects of involvement on persuasion: a meta-analysis , 1989 .

[30]  Jennifer M. Glass,et al.  Virtually Perfect Time Sharing in Dual-Task Performance: Uncorking the Central Cognitive Bottleneck , 2001, Psychological science.

[31]  Peiqin Zhou,et al.  Must‐See TV or ESPN: Entertainment and Sports Media Exposure and Body‐Image Distortion in College Women , 2004 .

[32]  D. Kahneman,et al.  Attention and Effort , 1973 .

[33]  U. Foehr MEDIA MULTITASKING AMONG AMERICAN YOUTH: PREVALENCE, PREDICTORS AND PAIRINGS , 2006 .

[34]  G. Blake Armstrong,et al.  Background Television and Reading Memory in Context , 2000, Commun. Res..

[35]  Michael S. Gendron,et al.  Can students really multitask? An experimental study of instant messaging while reading , 2010, Comput. Educ..