Abstract In the Federal Republic of Germany the process of automation in the engineering industries is characterized by an advancing diffusion of computer integrated manufacturing systems (CIM). Computer integration offers a wide ranee of possibilities for work design and organization. To simplify matters, there are three different models of work on the shop floor: computer integrated “Neo-Taylorism”, polarized production work and skilled and cooperative production work. According to practical experience to date, as well as in the opinion of many experts, only forms of work organization which are oriented to concepts of skilled production work will be able to offer sufficient chances not only for efficient manufacturing, but also for ensuring the availability of skilled labor for industry in the long run. As a result of a significant reduction of the mostly distinct division of labor in the dimensions of hierarchy, skills, and functions, this model seeks to create work structures which are characterized by a high level of skills of all workers, mutual interchangeability of tasks and jobs, as well as self coordination and cooperation within work groups. A central technical prerequisite for such a concept in manufacturing is constituted by the utilization of CIM-technologies which allow for different forms of work organization and an adjustment to shop floor conditions. Only systems of this type can prevent computer integration to result in further automation and/or centralization of work functions like planning, monitoring and control. Another essential precondition lies in the type of implementation process opted for when new technologies are introduced within a company. Whereas mere reactive manpower policies mean severe risks for productivity as well as the quality of working life in the long run, policies involving systematic training and long term manpower planning offer good chances for securing both.