Versorgung osteoporotischer Frakturen aus traumatologischer Sicht

Zusammenfassung Frakturen bei Osteoporose werden aufgrund der demografischen Entwicklung ein zunehmendes Problem darstellen. Klinische Empirie spricht häufig dafür, dass bei Osteoporose die Frakturheilung verzögert oder gestört ist. Präklinische Daten aus reproduzierbaren Tiermodellen für die Osteoporose stützen diese Hypothese. Evidenzbasierte Daten aus kontrollierten klinischen Studien gibt es jedoch kaum. Zu einer erhöhten Komplikationsrate nach der chirurgischen Stabilisierung kommt es aufgrund der für die Verankerung der Implantate wichtigen, unzureichenden Knochenfestigkeit, der bestehenden Begleit-erkrankungen und eingeschränkter Compliance. Hierfür gibt die Datenlage aus klinischen Studien eine ausreichende Grundlage. Deshalb sollte der behandelnde Orthopäde/Unfallchirurg bereits in der Operationsplanung diese speziellen Bedingungen beim alten Patienten einbeziehen und die Operation und das gewählte Implantat entsprechend differenziert planen und durchführen. Da noch immer zumeist die Fraktur ohne relevantes Trauma die Erstmanifestation einer Osteoporose darstellt, sollte die leitliniengerechte Nachbehandlung zur Vermeidung von Folgefrakturen unbedingt bereits vom Chirurgen eingeleitet werden. Letztlich sollten aus traumatologischer Sicht alle Patientinnen älter als 50 Jahre und Patienten älter als 60 Jahre mit Frakturen bezüglich ihres Knochenstatus abgeklärt und entsprechend behandelt werden.

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