Abstract Zur Untersuchung mechanischer Eigenschaften der Implantat-Knochen-Grenzfläche ist der pull bzw. push out-Test aus der Materialwissenschaft übernommen worden. In der Vergangenheit wurde dabei meist nur die Maximalkraft (Bruchlast) bestimmt und dem Versagen der Implantatintegration gleichgesetzt. Die Erweiterung des Testverfahrens durch die Schallemissionsanalyse gestattet es, das Einsetzen des Grenzflächenversagens zwischen Implantat und Knochen genauer zu beobachten. Der Verlauf der Schadensentwicklung kann lange vor Erreichen der Maximalkraft (Bruchlast) erfasst und quantifiziert werden. Absolute und relative Verteilungsfunktionen der akustischen Emission charakterisieren die aktiven Grenzflächenmechanismen und die Hitanzahl pro Zeiteinheit definiert die Schädigungskinetik. In der klinischen Praxis ist vor dem endgültigen Versagen, d. h. der Lockerung eines Implantates, häufig ein Nachsinken belasteter Implantate zu verzeichnen. Mit dem erweiterten push out-Test kann quantitativ erfasst werden, wann kritische Scherspannungen tc erreicht sind, bei denen das schrittweise Versagen der Grenzfläche beginnt. Diese Größe stellt u. E. die eigentlich kritische Last dar, die im Falle der klinischen Applikation von Implantaten im Skelettsystem nicht überschritten werden sollte. To study the mechanical behaviour of the implant-bone interface the push- or pull-out test was overtaken from material science. Most authors equate the maximum load (break point) with the failure of the implant integration. Extending the test procedure by acoustic emission analysis reveals the possibility to detect the failure of the interface more in detail and from its earliest beginning. The development of disconnection between host and implant was found to start long before the ultimate load is reached and can be monitored and quantified during this period. The active interface mechanisms are characterized by the distribution function of acoustic emissions and the number of hits per time defines the kinetics of the failure. From clinical studies a gradual subsidence of loaded implants is known starting long time before the definite implant failure. The presented extension of the push-out test with acoustic emission analysis allows the detection of a critical shear stress tc which demarks the onset of the gradual interface failure. We believe this value to represent the real critical load which should not be exceeded in the clinical application of intraosseous implants.
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