Cryptococcus gattii Dispersal Mechanisms, British Columbia, Canada

C. gattii may be spread through soil disturbances, wind, water, distribution of tree and soil byproducts, and human movement.

[1]  P. Cieslak,et al.  Spread of Cryptococcus gattii in British Columbia, Canada, and Detection in the Pacific Northwest, USA , 2007, Emerging infectious diseases.

[2]  J. Heitman,et al.  Yeast diversity sampling on the San Juan Islands reveals no evidence for the spread of the Vancouver Island Cryptococcus gattii outbreak to this locale. , 2006, FEMS yeast research.

[3]  C. Stephen,et al.  Evaluation of risk factors for Cryptococcus gattii infection in dogs and cats. , 2006, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.

[4]  J. Heitman,et al.  Same-sex mating and the origin of the Vancouver Island Cryptococcus gattii outbreak , 2005, Nature.

[5]  Jianping Xu,et al.  Comparative Gene Genealogies Indicate that Two Clonal Lineages of Cryptococcus gattii in British Columbia Resemble Strains from Other Geographical Areas , 2005, Eukaryotic Cell.

[6]  C. Duncan.  The emergence of cryptococcus gattii in British Columbia : veterinary aspects , 2005 .

[7]  D. Baumgardner,et al.  Geographic information system analysis of blastomycosis in northern Wisconsin, USA: waterways and soil. , 2005, Medical mycology.

[8]  T. Boekhout,et al.  A rare genotype of Cryptococcus gattii caused the cryptococcosis outbreak on Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada). , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[9]  Ross K. Meentemeyer,et al.  Mapping the risk of establishment and spread of sudden oak death in California , 2004 .

[10]  Ross K. Meentemeyer,et al.  The Role of Humans in the Dispersal and Spread of Phytophthora ramorum , 2004 .

[11]  J. P. Davis,et al.  Cluster of pulmonary blastomycosis in a rural community: Evidence for multiple high-risk environmental foci following a sustained period of diminished precipitation , 2004, Mycopathologia.

[12]  W. Meyer,et al.  Molecular Typing of IberoAmerican Cryptococcus neoformans Isolates , 2003, Emerging infectious diseases.

[13]  S. Dee,et al.  Mechanical transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus throughout a coordinated sequence of events during warm weather. , 2003, Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire.

[14]  C. Stephen,et al.  Multispecies outbreak of cryptococcosis on southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia. , 2002, The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne.

[15]  Satoshi Otake,et al.  Mechanical transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus throughout a coordinated sequence of events during cold weather. , 2002, Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire.

[16]  E. Allen,et al.  Nonindigenous species introductions: a threat to Canada's forests and forest economy1 , 2002 .

[17]  P. Perera,et al.  Coccidioidomycosis in workers at an archeologic site-Dinosaur National Monument, Utah, June-July 2001. , 2002, Annals of emergency medicine.

[18]  David M. Rizzo,et al.  Phytophthora ramorum and Sudden Oak Death in California: II. Transmission and Survival 1 , 2002 .

[19]  P. Perera,et al.  From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Coccidioidomycosis in workers at an archeologic site--Dinosaur National Monument, Utah, June-July 2001. , 2002, JAMA.

[20]  A. Gundlapalli,et al.  Coccidioidomycosis in workers at an archeologic site--Dinosaur National Monument, Utah, June-July 2001. , 2001, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.

[21]  C. Lichtensteiger,et al.  DISSEMINATED BLASTOMYCOSIS IN TWO CALIFORNIA SEA LIONS (ZALOPHUS CALIFORNIANUS) , 2009, Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians.

[22]  Praveen Kumar,et al.  Isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii from Eucalyptus camaldulensis in India , 1997, Journal of clinical microbiology.

[23]  G. A. Marshall,et al.  A coccidioidomycosis outbreak following the Northridge, Calif, earthquake. , 1997, JAMA.

[24]  D. Ellis,et al.  Ecology, life cycle, and infectious propagule of Cryptococcus neoformans , 1990, The Lancet.

[25]  P. Walklate,et al.  The Role of Rain in Dispersal of Pathogen Inoculum , 1989 .

[26]  J. P. Davis,et al.  Two outbreaks of blastomycosis along rivers in Wisconsin. Isolation of Blastomyces dermatitidis from riverbank soil and evidence of its transmission along waterways. , 1987, The American review of respiratory disease.

[27]  M. Seibold,et al.  The brown colour effect (BCE) of Cryptococcus neoformans in the diagnosis, control and epidemiology of C. neoformans infections in AIDS patients. , 1987, Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie, und Hygiene. Series A, Medical microbiology, infectious diseases, virology, parasitology.

[28]  B. Varkey,et al.  Isolation of Blastomyces dermatitidis in soil associated with a large outbreak of blastomycosis in Wisconsin. , 1986, The New England journal of medicine.

[29]  J. Rosenblatt,et al.  Epidemic of pulmonary blastomycosis (Namekagon fever) in Wisconsin canoeists. , 1984, Chest.

[30]  K. Kwon-Chung,et al.  High prevalence of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii in tropical and subtropical regions. , 1984, Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie, und Hygiene. Series A, Medical microbiology, infectious diseases, virology, parasitology.

[31]  K. Kwon-Chung,et al.  Epidemiologic differences between the two varieties of Cryptococcus neoformans. , 1984, American journal of epidemiology.

[32]  I. Polacheck,et al.  Improved diagnostic medium for separation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans (serotypes A and D) and Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii (serotypes B and C) , 1982, Journal of clinical microbiology.

[33]  D. Pappagianis,et al.  Tempest from Tehachapi takes toll or Coccidioides conveyed aloft and afar. , 1978, The Western journal of medicine.

[34]  S. Werner,et al.  An epidemic of coccidioidomycosis among archeology students in northern California. , 1972, The New England journal of medicine.

[35]  R. W. Begg.  University of Saskatchewan. , 1962, Canadian Medical Association journal.