Modification of Scots pine with activated glucose and citric acid: Physical and mechanical properties

An eco-friendly agent mainly consisting of activated glucose (AG) and citric acid (CA) was investigated for its potential wood modification applications. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood was treated with AG and CA both individually and in combination. The treatments with the combined agent resulted in an increase in the weight percent gain and decrease in the leaching ratio, which suggested a synergy between the two components for their fixation in wood. The dynamic vapor sorption behavior indicated an increased sorption at a higher AG concentration. Compared with the AG treatment, the CA treatment more effectively improved the dimensional stability of the wood. The modulus of elasticity was not influenced by the treatments, and the modulus of rupture was slightly reduced. Incorporation of AG in the CA inhibited the decrease in impact strength of wood compared to treatment with CA alone, which was a result of reduced crosslinking from the CA within the wood matrix. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed an enhanced absorbance, indicating development of ester bonds due to the treatment.

[1]  Zhijun Zhang,et al.  Activation of glucose with Fenton’s reagent: chemical structures of activated products and their reaction efficacy toward cellulosic material , 2019, Holzforschung.

[2]  H. Militz,et al.  Analyzing reversible changes in hygroscopicity of thermally modified eucalypt wood from open and closed reactor systems , 2018, Wood Science and Technology.

[3]  C. Hill,et al.  Polyesterification of wood using sorbitol and citric acid under aqueous conditions , 2018 .

[4]  M. Thévenon,et al.  Improvement of beech wood properties by in situ formation of polyesters of citric and tartaric acid in combination with glycerol , 2017 .

[5]  W. Grigsby,et al.  Evaluating The Extent of Bio-Polyester Polymerization in Solid Wood by Thermogravimetric Analysis , 2015 .

[6]  Xiaoyan He,et al.  Modification of poplar wood with glucose crosslinked with citric acid and 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxy ethyleneurea , 2015 .

[7]  R. Rowell,et al.  Acetylation of Wood , 2014 .

[8]  Qingwen Wang,et al.  Esterification of wood with citric acid: The catalytic effects of sodium hypophosphite (SHP) , 2014 .

[9]  C. Hill,et al.  The water vapour sorption behaviour of acetylated birch wood: how acetylation affects the sorption isotherm and accessible hydroxyl content , 2014, Journal of Materials Science.

[10]  Qingwen Wang,et al.  Effects of chemical modification on the mechanical properties of wood , 2013, European Journal of Wood and Wood Products.

[11]  C. Mai,et al.  The influence of curing conditions on the chemical distribution in wood modified with thermosetting resins , 2013, Wood Science and Technology.

[12]  Yan Yu,et al.  Effect of Modification with Phenol Formaldehyde Resin on the Mechanical Properties of Wood from Chinese Fir , 2012 .

[13]  Chun-Zhu Li,et al.  Reaction pathways of glucose during esterification: effects of reaction parameters on the formation of humin type polymers. , 2011, Bioresource technology.

[14]  B. Šefc,et al.  Biological Durability of Wood modified by Citric Acid , 2008 .

[15]  C. Gerhards.  Effect of Moisture Content and Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Wood: An Analysis of Immediate Effects , 2007 .

[16]  J. L. Willett,et al.  Solvent‐free polymerization of citric acid and D‐sorbitol , 2006 .

[17]  C. Schramm,et al.  Polycarboxylic acids as non-formaldehyde anti-swelling agents for wood , 2006 .

[18]  H. Militz,et al.  Treatment of timber with water soluble dimethylol resins to improve their dimensional stability and durability , 1993, Wood Science and Technology.

[19]  M. Norimoto,et al.  The Analysis of Dimensional Changes Due to Chemical Treatments and Water Soaking for Hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) Wood , 2002 .

[20]  J. Winandy.  Influence of time-to-failure on strength of CCA-treated lumber , 1995 .

[21]  Jerrold E. Winandy,et al.  The chemistry of wood strength , 2012 .