Distinguishing Group Privacy From Personal Privacy

Machine learning and data mining threaten personal privacy, and many tools exist to help users protect their privacy (e.g., available privacy settings on Facebook, anonymization and encryption of personal data, etc.). But such technologies also pose threats to "group privacy," which is a concept scholars know relatively little about. Moreover, there are few tools to address the problem of protecting group privacy. This paper discusses an emerging class of software applications and services that pose new risks to group privacy by revealing group-level information based on individual information, such as social media postings or fitness app usage. The paper describes the results of two experiments that empirically establish the concept of group privacy and shows that it affects user perceptions of and interactions with information technology. The findings serve as a call to developers to design tools for group privacy protection.

[1]  Ralf De Wolf,et al.  Managing privacy boundaries together: Exploring individual and group privacy management strategies in Facebook , 2014, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[2]  Sameer Patil,et al.  Who gets to know what when: configuring privacy permissions in an awareness application , 2005, CHI.

[3]  Amr El Abbadi,et al.  Privacy Cyborg: Towards Protecting the Privacy of Social Media Users , 2017, 2017 IEEE 33rd International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE).

[4]  Heng Xu.  Reframing Privacy 2.0 in Online Social Networks , 2012 .

[5]  Jens Grossklags,et al.  What Can Behavioral Economics Teach Us about Privacy , 2008 .

[6]  Latanya Sweeney,et al.  k-Anonymity: A Model for Protecting Privacy , 2002, Int. J. Uncertain. Fuzziness Knowl. Based Syst..

[7]  Heng Xu,et al.  CoPE: Enabling collaborative privacy management in online social networks , 2011, J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol..

[8]  Luciano Floridi,et al.  Introduction: A New Perspective on Privacy , 2017 .

[9]  Amr El Abbadi,et al.  Extracting Topics with Focused Communities for Social Content Recommendation , 2017, CSCW.

[10]  S. Petronio.  Boundaries of Privacy: Dialectics of Disclosure , 2002 .

[11]  Eden Litt,et al.  Understanding social network site users' privacy tool use , 2013, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[12]  Haiyan Jia,et al.  Autonomous and Interdependent: Collaborative Privacy Management on Social Networking Sites , 2016, CHI.

[13]  Luciano Floridi,et al.  Group Privacy: A Defence and an Interpretation , 2017 .

[14]  L. Floridi.  Open Data, Data Protection, and Group Privacy , 2014, Philosophy & Technology.

[15]  John Leubsdorf,et al.  Privacy and Freedom , 1968 .

[16]  Mohamed Shehab,et al.  Social applications: exploring a more secure framework , 2009, SOUPS.

[17]  H. Nissenbaum.  Protecting Privacy in an Information Age: The Problem of Privacy in Public , 1998, The Ethics of Information Technologies.

[18]  Hichang Cho,et al.  Networked Privacy Management in Facebook: A Mixed-Methods and Multinational Study , 2016, CSCW.

[19]  Wenlong Li,et al.  Book review: Group Privacy: New Challenges of Data Technologies , 2017 .

[20]  J. Freedman,et al.  Conceptions of Crowding. (Book Reviews: Crowding and Behavior; The Environment and Social Behavior. Privacy, Personal Space. Territory, Crowding) , 1975 .

[21]  T. Baar,et al.  Group Privacy in the Age of Big Data , 2017 .

[22]  Helen Nissenbaum,et al.  Privacy in Context - Technology, Policy, and the Integrity of Social Life , 2009 .

[23]  D. Campbell.  Common fate, similarity, and other indices of the status of aggregates of persons as social entities , 2007 .

[24]  Linnet Taylor,et al.  Safety in Numbers? Group Privacy and Big Data Analytics in the Developing World , 2017 .

[25]  Yang Wang,et al.  A field trial of privacy nudges for facebook , 2014, CHI.

[26]  Cynthia Dwork,et al.  Calibrating Noise to Sensitivity in Private Data Analysis , 2006, TCC.

[27]  Airi Lampinen.  Hosting Together via Couchsurfing: Privacy Management in the Context of Network Hospitality , 2016 .

[28]  Anna Cinzia Squicciarini,et al.  WWW 2009 MADRID! Track: Security and Privacy / Session: Web Privacy Collective Privacy Management in Social Networks , 2022 .

[29]  Miriam J. Metzger.  Communication Privacy Management in Electronic Commerce , 2007, J. Comput. Mediat. Commun..

[30]  Ralf De Wolf,et al.  Group privacy management strategies and challenges in Facebook: A focus group study among Flemish youth organizations , 2016 .

[31]  Alessandro Mantelero,et al.  From Group Privacy to Collective Privacy: Towards a New Dimension of Privacy and Data Protection in the Big Data Era , 2017 .

[32]  B. Sloot.  Do Groups Have a Right to Protect Their Group Interest in Privacy and Should They? Peeling the Onion of Rights and Interests Protected Under Article 8 ECHR , 2017 .

[33]  Amr El Abbadi,et al.  LocBorg: Hiding Social Media User Location while Maintaining Online Persona , 2017, SIGSPATIAL/GIS.

[34]  Nicholas Christakis,et al.  The Taste for Privacy: An Analysis of College Student Privacy Settings in an Online Social Network , 2008, J. Comput. Mediat. Commun..

[35]  H. Tajfel,et al.  Experiments in intergroup discrimination. , 1970, Scientific American.

[36]  Alison Powell,et al.  Automation, Algorithms, and Politics| Bots and Political Influence: A Sociotechnical Investigation of Social Network Capital , 2016 .

[37]  Robert E. Crossler,et al.  Privacy in the Digital Age: A Review of Information Privacy Research in Information Systems , 2011, MIS Q..

[38]  Gail-Joon Ahn,et al.  Detecting and resolving privacy conflicts for collaborative data sharing in online social networks , 2011, ACSAC '11.

[39]  Heng Xu,et al.  Information Privacy Research: An Interdisciplinary Review , 2011, MIS Q..

[40]  Yunan Chen,et al.  Privacy management in dynamic groups: understanding information privacy in medical practices , 2013, CSCW.

[41]  Robert Boguslaw,et al.  Privacy and Freedom , 1968 .