Phase transitions and heterophase fluctuations

Abstract This review is devoted to a detailed description of quasiequilibrium systems in which phase transitions are accompanied by heterophase fluctuations. The latter lead to the appearance of the so-called pretransitional, or precursor, phenomena. A comprehensive analysis of the nature of these fluctuations is given. A great number of experiments displaying the presence of heterophase fluctuations is discussed. The main features of phenomenological models for heterophase systems are elucidated. A microscopic statistical theory of systems with heterophase fluctuations is presented. The theory is illustrated by the crystal-liquid and ferromagnet-paramagnet phase transitions. The theory makes it possible to explain. from a single general point of view, many experimental anomalies observed around phase-transition points in different systems.

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