Predicting subcellular location of protein with evolution information and sequence-based deep learning

Background Protein subcellular localization prediction plays an important role in biology research. Since traditional methods are laborious and time-consuming, many machine learning-based prediction methods have been proposed. However, most of the proposed methods ignore the evolution information of proteins. In order to improve the prediction accuracy, we present a deep learning-based method to predict protein subcellular locations. Results Our method utilizes not only amino acid compositions sequence but also evolution matrices of proteins. Our method uses a bidirectional long short-term memory network that processes the entire protein sequence and a convolutional neural network that extracts features from protein sequences. The position specific scoring matrix is used as a supplement to protein sequences. Our method was trained and tested on two benchmark datasets. The experiment results show that our method yields accurate results on the two datasets with an average precision of 0.7901, ranking loss of 0.0758 and coverage of 1.2848. Conclusion The experiment results show that our method outperforms five methods currently available. According to those experiments, we can see that our method is an acceptable alternative to predict protein subcellular location. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12859-021-04404-0.