Low-voltage protonic/photonic synergic coupled oxide phototransistor

Abstract Conventionally, oxide phototransistors operate at high voltage due to the limited electrostatic modulation behaviors of traditional gate dielectrics. In the present work, we report low-voltage driven chitosan-gated indium tin oxide (ITO) phototransistors with protonic/photonic synergic coupling effects. Due to strong proton gating effects of chitosan, the phototransistor can operate at low voltage of below 1.5 V. Under illumination with light wavelength of 400 nm, the phototransistor exhibits high photoresponsivity up to ∼300 A/W and optical gain up to ∼5000 at low gate bias of −0.45 V. The photoresponses are related to activation of trapped electrons at the interface, which negatively drifts the threshold voltage. Due to the inherent protonic/photonic synergic coupling effects, the phototransistors also demonstrate synaptic functions, including excitatory postsynaptic current and paired-pulse facilitation. Protonic/photonic synergic coupled oxide phototransistors may have potential applications in portable electronics and visual neuromorphic platforms.

[1]  S. Mhaisalkar,et al.  Perovskite Materials for Light‐Emitting Diodes and Lasers , 2016, Advanced materials.

[2]  Y. Hong,et al.  Photosensitivity enhancement in hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin-film phototransistors with gate underlap , 2015 .

[3]  Pedro Barquinha,et al.  Solvothermal synthesis of gallium-indium-zinc-oxide nanoparticles for electrolyte-gated transistors. , 2015, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[4]  Su‐Ting Han,et al.  Photonic Synapses Based on Inorganic Perovskite Quantum Dots for Neuromorphic Computing , 2018, Advanced materials.

[5]  Masaki Nakano,et al.  Endeavor of Iontronics: From Fundamentals to Applications of Ion‐Controlled Electronics , 2017, Advanced materials.

[6]  M. Berggren,et al.  A Decade of Iontronic Delivery Devices , 2018 .

[7]  Yongli He,et al.  Coplanar Multigate MoS2 Electric-Double-Layer Transistors for Neuromorphic Visual Recognition. , 2018, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[8]  Yu‐Cheng Chiu,et al.  Oligosaccharide Carbohydrate Dielectrics toward High‐Performance Non‐volatile Transistor Memory Devices , 2015, Advanced materials.

[9]  Chao Zhong,et al.  A polysaccharide bioprotonic field-effect transistor. , 2011, Nature communications.

[10]  Wei Li,et al.  Broadband optoelectronic synaptic devices based on silicon nanocrystals for neuromorphic computing , 2018, Nano Energy.

[11]  W. Regehr,et al.  Short-term synaptic plasticity. , 2002, Annual review of physiology.

[12]  Nektarios Tavernarakis,et al.  The role of synaptic ion channels in synaptic plasticity , 2006, EMBO reports.

[13]  Junliang Yang,et al.  Multi-gate organic neuron transistors for spatiotemporal information processing , 2017 .

[14]  Di Chen,et al.  An Artificial Flexible Visual Memory System Based on an UV‐Motivated Memristor , 2018, Advanced materials.

[15]  U. Chung,et al.  Impact of transparent electrode on photoresponse of ZnO-based phototransistor , 2013 .

[16]  Li Qiang Zhu,et al.  Chitosan-Based Polysaccharide-Gated Flexible Indium Tin Oxide Synaptic Transistor with Learning Abilities. , 2018, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[17]  Wei Ou-Yang,et al.  High‐Performance Inorganic Perovskite Quantum Dot–Organic Semiconductor Hybrid Phototransistors , 2017, Advanced materials.

[18]  A. Raychaudhuri,et al.  Synergistic ultraviolet photoresponse of a nanostructured ZnO film with gate bias and ultraviolet illumination , 2015 .

[19]  A strained organic field-effect transistor with a gate-tunable superconducting channel. , 2013, Nature communications.

[20]  Kai Xu,et al.  Ultrafast and ultrasensitive phototransistors based on few-layered HfSe2 , 2016 .

[21]  Keun-Yeong Choi,et al.  All polymer encapsulated, highly-sensitive MoS2 phototransistors on flexible PAR substrate , 2018, Applied Physics Letters.

[22]  Se Hyun Kim,et al.  Electrolyte‐Gated Transistors for Organic and Printed Electronics , 2013, Advanced materials.

[23]  Jin-seong Park,et al.  Enhanced photocurrent of Ge-doped InGaO thin film transistors with quantum dots , 2015 .

[24]  C. Chen,et al.  Visible‐Light Ultrasensitive Solution‐Prepared Layered Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Field‐Effect Transistor , 2017 .

[25]  Jianbin Xu,et al.  Solution-processed PCDTBT capped low-voltage InGaZnOx thin film phototransistors for visible-light detection , 2015 .

[26]  Jun Tao,et al.  Mimicking Biological Synaptic Functionality with an Indium Phosphide Synaptic Device on Silicon for Scalable Neuromorphic Computing. , 2018, ACS nano.

[27]  Cheng-Chung Lee,et al.  The Current Trends of Optics and Photonics , 2015 .

[28]  Tian-Ling Ren,et al.  Top-Gate Electric-Double-Layer IZO-Based Synaptic Transistors for Neuron Networks , 2017, IEEE Electron Device Letters.

[29]  Fei Yu,et al.  Ionotronic Neuromorphic Devices for Bionic Neural Network Applications , 2019, physica status solidi (RRL) – Rapid Research Letters.

[30]  Jianquan Yao,et al.  High-performance PbS quantum dot vertical field-effect phototransistor using graphene as a transparent electrode , 2016 .

[31]  Xing Sheng,et al.  Recent Advances in Biointegrated Optoelectronic Devices , 2018, Advanced materials.

[32]  P. Blom,et al.  High-sensitivity ion detection at low voltages with current-driven organic electrochemical transistors , 2018, Nature Communications.