Short- and long-term memory retrieval: A comparison of the effects of information load and relatedness

1 The separate application of the Sternberg and fact-retrieval paradigms promotes a view that shortand long-term memory are functionally distinct, However, effects of information load and relatedness, observed in both paradigms, support a more unified approach to memory retrieval The two experiments of this article enable a direct comparison of these effects as observed in a fact-retrieval task, a Sternberg task, and a hybrid precueing task, These experiments are motivated by an associative approach in which performance in all tasks is seen to depend upon a parallel search driven by spreading activation. Decision time data are explained in an i'ndi'rect-pathway model with two important features: 1, Pre-tri'al activation levels of areas in memory can vary to reflect differences between short-term and long-term retrieval 2, For related material, decisions can be based upon indirect pathways that connect the elements of a test probe through pre-experimental associations in memory

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