Determining Effective Impervious Area for Urban Hydrologic Modeling

This paper presents a two-step process to estimate the fraction of an urban watershed covered by a hydraulically effective impervious area. The first step applies maximum likelihood classification of fine-scale multispectral satellite imagery to derive urban land cover. The second step uses an automated macro in a geographic information system to trace the water flow path from pixels classified as impervious and subclassify them as noneffective or effective. The two steps were verified independently, with verification of the second step using idealized data. The two-step process was then tested with a small watershed study of model calibration and rooftop connectivity impact on runoff. At the watershed scale the land cover classification differences were approximately 6%, while at the pixel scale matches of 50, 60, and 83% were achieved for the rooftop, asphalt/concrete, and vegetation land covers, respectively. The effective impervious area was estimated to comprise 16% of the watershed surface, which wa...

[1]  D. Booth.  STREAM‐CHANNEL INCISION FOLLOWING DRAINAGE‐BASIN URBANIZATION , 1990 .

[2]  William M. Alley,et al.  Effective Impervious Area in Urban Runoff Modeling , 1983 .

[3]  T. Minor,et al.  Detecting and discriminating impervious cover with high-resolution IKONOS data using principal component analysis and morphological operators , 2003 .

[4]  D. Civco,et al.  SUBPIXEL IMPERVIOUS SURFACE MAPPING , 2001 .

[5]  S. Goetz,et al.  IKONOS imagery for resource management: Tree cover, impervious surfaces, and riparian buffer analyses in the mid-Atlantic region , 2003 .

[6]  T. M. Lillesand,et al.  Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation , 1980 .

[7]  J. B. Ellis.  Impacts of urban growth on surface water and groundwater quality : proceedings of an international symposium held during IUGG 99, the XXII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, at Birmingham, UK 18-30 July 1999 , 1999 .

[8]  Use of Satellite Data in Urban Hydrologic Models , 1975 .

[9]  Nathan J. Heinert,et al.  Extending satellite remote sensing to local scales: land and water resource monitoring using high-resolution imagery , 2003 .

[10]  Limin Yang,et al.  An approach for mapping large-area impervious surfaces: synergistic use of Landsat-7 ETM+ and high spatial resolution imagery , 2003 .

[11]  Marvin E. Bauer,et al.  Impervious surface mapping using satellite remote sensing , 2002, IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.

[12]  Cristina Milesi,et al.  U.S. constructed area approaches the size of Ohio , 2004 .

[13]  R. Klein.  URBANIZATION AND STREAM QUALITY IMPAIRMENT , 1979 .

[14]  R. Fankhauser.  Automatic determination of imperviousness in urban areas from digital orthophotos , 1999 .

[15]  C. Deguchi,et al.  Estimations for Percentage of Impervious Area by the Use of Satellite Remote Sensing Imagery , 1994 .

[16]  M. Boyd,et al.  Predicting pervious and impervious storm runoff from urban drainage basins , 1994 .

[17]  C. Jackson,et al.  URBANIZATION OF AQUATIC SYSTEMS: DEGRADATION THRESHOLDS, STORMWATER DETECTION, AND THE LIMITS OF MITIGATION 1 , 1997 .

[18]  J. Adhityawarma,et al.  The Selection of Appropriate Satellite Sources of Impervious Surface Information for Urban Hydrology , 2004 .

[19]  C. Arnold,et al.  IMPERVIOUS SURFACE COVERAGE: THE EMERGENCE OF A KEY ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATOR , 1996 .

[20]  J. R. Jensen,et al.  Effectiveness of Subpixel Analysis in Detecting and Quantifying Urban Imperviousness from Landsat Thematic Mapper Imagery , 1999 .

[21]  E. Nezry,et al.  Adaptive speckle filters and scene heterogeneity , 1990 .

[22]  D. Dewalle,et al.  Trends in evaporation and Bowen Ratio on urbanizing watersheds in eastern United States , 2000 .

[23]  James P. Heaney,et al.  Estimation of Urban Imperviousness and its Impacts on Storm Water Systems , 2003 .

[24]  S. Running,et al.  Assessing the impact of urban land development on net primary productivity in the southeastern United States , 2003 .

[25]  M. Ridd.  Exploring a V-I-S (vegetation-impervious surface-soil) model for urban ecosystem analysis through remote sensing: comparative anatomy for cities , 1995 .

[26]  M. Boyd,et al.  Pervious and impervious runoff in urban catchments , 1993 .

[27]  Scott J. Goetz,et al.  STREAM HEALTH RANKINGS PREDICTED BY SATELLITE DERIVED LAND COVER METRICS 1 , 2005 .

[28]  Luna B. Leopold,et al.  Hydrology for urban land plan-ning-a guidebook on the hydrologic effects of urban land use , 1968 .

[29]  S. K. Jenson,et al.  Extracting topographic structure from digital elevation data for geographic information-system analysis , 1988 .

[30]  S. Ventura,et al.  THE INTEGRATION OF GEOGRAPHIC DATA WITH REMOTELY SENSED IMAGERY TO IMPROVE CLASSIFICATION IN AN URBAN AREA , 1995 .

[31]  G. Kauffman,et al.  IMPERVIOUSNESS: A PERFORMANCE MEASURE OF A DELAWARE WATER RESOURCE PROTECTION AREA ORDINANCE 1 , 2006 .

[32]  Timothy R. Oke,et al.  Evapotranspiration rates in urban areas , 1999 .