Robust Unstructured Road Detection: The Importance of Contextual Information

Unstructured road detection is a key step in an unmanned guided vehicle (UGV) system for road following. However, current vision-based unstructured road detection algorithms are usually affected by continuously changing backgrounds, different road types (shape, colour), variable lighting conditions and weather conditions. Therefore, a confidence map of road distribution, one of contextual information cues, is theoretically analysed and experimentally generated to help detect unstructured roads. Two traditional algorithms, support vector machine (SVM) and k-nearest neighbour (KNN), are carried out to verify the helpfulness of the proposed confidence map. Following this, a novel algorithm, which combines SVM, KNN and the confidence map under a Bayesian framework, is proposed to improve the overall performance of the unstructured road detections. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated using different types of unstructured roads and the experimental results show its effectiveness.