Eco‐efficiency: Philosophy, Theory, and Tools

It is ironic that I am writing this column on the philosophy, theory, and tools of eco-efficiency, because I expressed my skepticism concerning the subject at the meeting that is the source of this special issue. The concept of eco-efficiency was first described by Schaltegger and Sturm (1989) and then widely publicized in 1992 in Changing Course (Schmidheiny 1992), a publication of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD). Since then it has been accepted