The PICHFORK (Pain InCHildren Fentanyl OR Ketamine) trial comparing the efficacy of intranasal ketamine and fentanyl in the relief of moderate to severe pain in children with limb injuries: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

[1]  J. Dundee,et al.  Ketamine , 1971, Reactions Weekly.

[2]  A. Graudins,et al.  Sub‐dissociative dose intranasal ketamine for limb injury pain in children in the emergency department: A pilot study , 2013, Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA.

[3]  Morgan Le Guen,et al.  Intranasal drug delivery: an efficient and non-invasive route for systemic administration: focus on opioids. , 2012, Pharmacology & therapeutics.

[4]  P. Middleton,et al.  Case report: prehospital use of intranasal ketamine for paediatric burn injury , 2011, Emergency Medicine Journal.

[5]  D. Braude,et al.  Intranasal Medication Delivery for Children: A Brief Review and Update , 2010, Pediatrics.

[6]  F. Babl,et al.  Does the standard intravenous solution of fentanyl (50 µg/mL) administered intranasally have analgesic efficacy? , 2010, Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA.

[7]  C. Rickard,et al.  Title : A randomized controlled trial of intranasal fentanyl versus intravenous morphine for analgesia in the prehospital setting , 2008 .

[8]  M. McGrail,et al.  A randomized controlled trial of intranasal fentanyl vs intravenous morphine for analgesia in the prehospital setting. , 2007, The American journal of emergency medicine.

[9]  B. Anderson,et al.  Ketamine disposition in children presenting for procedural sedation and analgesia in a children's emergency department , 2007, Paediatric anaesthesia.

[10]  I. Jacobs,et al.  A randomized controlled trial comparing intranasal fentanyl to intravenous morphine for managing acute pain in children in the emergency department. , 2007, Annals of emergency medicine.

[11]  Andrew J Vickers,et al.  How to Randomize , 2004 .

[12]  R. Goldman.  Intranasal Drug Delivery for Children with Acute Illness , 2006 .

[13]  K. Tremper,et al.  Depth of sedation in children undergoing computed tomography: validity and reliability of the University of Michigan Sedation Scale (UMSS). , 2002, British journal of anaesthesia.

[14]  S B Bird,et al.  Clinically significant changes in pain along the visual analog scale. , 2001, Annals of emergency medicine.

[15]  Douglas G Altman,et al.  How to randomise , 1999, BMJ.

[16]  A. Simpson,et al.  Anaesthesia , 1946 .