Are barium sulphate kinetics sufficiently known for testing precipitation reactor models

Barium sulphate precipitation, widely used to validate micromixing models, requires the knowledge of nucleation and crystal growth kinetics under non stoichiometric conditions, which is generally the case when two fluids are mixed. Therefore, the spontaneous precipitation of barium sulphate was studied under both stoichiometric and non stoichiometric conditions. A new method was developed to derive the nucleation and crystal growth rates based on the simultaneous measurement of concentration and crystal size distribution. Two expressions were proposed describing well nucleation and crystal growth kinetics. The kinetic parameters were determined as a function of the initial concentration ratio, showing the crucial effect of stoichiometry on the nucleation and crystal growth kinetics. Consequently, attention should be paid to the use of kinetic laws of barium sulphate precipitation to validate micromixing models.

[1]  A. K. Holliday,et al.  The electrophoresis of silver bromide sols. Part 2.—The effect of added electrolyte on the electrokinetic zeta-potential , 1952 .

[2]  D. Gunn,et al.  Kinetics and mechanisms of precipitations , 1972 .

[3]  O. Söhnel,et al.  Precipitation: Basic Principles and Industrial Applications , 1992 .

[4]  E. P. Honig,et al.  Points of zero charge of inorganic precipitates , 1969 .

[5]  Piero M. Armenante,et al.  MASS TRANSFER TO MICROPARTICLES IN AGITATED SYSTEMS , 1989 .

[6]  M. Donohue,et al.  A kinetic approach to crystallization from ionic solution: I. Crystal Growth , 1988 .

[7]  E. Diczfalusy,et al.  The Kinetics of Crystal Growth in Barium Sulfate Precipitation. , 1958 .

[8]  A. Townshend,et al.  Homogeneous nucleation of some sparingly soluble salts. , 1966, Talanta.

[9]  John M. Tarbell,et al.  Effect of mixing on the precipitation of barium sulfate in an MSMPR reactorssss , 1990 .

[10]  H. Hope,et al.  Homogeneous Nucleation in Barium Sulfate Precipitation. , 1961 .

[11]  J. Bałdyga,et al.  The use of a new model of micromixing for determination of crystal size in precipitation , 1983 .

[12]  Ryszard Pohorecki,et al.  Mixing-precipitation model with application to double feed semibatch precipitation , 1995 .

[13]  E. Pelizzetti,et al.  A stopped-flow technique in fast precipitation kinetics — The case of barium sulphate , 1984 .

[14]  E. Heymann,et al.  The electrokinetic potential of barium sulphate , 1948, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[15]  O.S.L. Bruinsma,et al.  Three-zone approach for precipitation of barium sulphate , 1996 .

[16]  A. E. Nielsen Theory of electrolyte crystal growth. The parabolic rate law , 1981 .