Spatial Variations in Disturbance Ionospheric Currents—Inference From 12 Geomagnetic Storms

In this paper, we investigate the latitudinal and longitudinal variations of the disturbance ionospheric current during 12 geomagnetic storms with Dst ranging between −50 and −130 nT. For this purpose, data from 15 geomagnetic stations along three longitudinal sectors at 70°E, 77°E, and 93°E, ranging from middle to equatorial latitudes in both hemispheres are analyzed. Our study reveals the pattern of PP in the different phases of the storm and the competing effects of PP and Ddyn during the recovery phase of the storms. The PP signatures are mainly comparable across longitudes, irrespective of the strength and phase of the storm. The effect of Ddyn shows a seasonal pattern, which is influenced by the strength of the storm. The location of the antifoci during each storm shows latitudinal variability.

[1]  H. Le,et al.  Equatorial Ionospheric Electrodynamics Over Jicamarca During the 6–11 September 2017 Space Weather Event , 2019, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics.

[2]  K. Arora,et al.  Constraints on Scale Lengths of Equatorial Electrojet and Counter Electrojet Phenomena From the Indian Sector , 2018, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics.

[3]  K. Arora,et al.  Effect of Disturbance Electric Fields on Equatorial Electrojet Over Indian Longitudes , 2018, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics.

[4]  H. Le,et al.  The Storm Time Evolution of the Ionospheric Disturbance Plasma Drifts , 2017 .

[5]  C. Nayak,et al.  Peculiar features of the low‐latitude and midlatitude ionospheric response to the St. Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm of 17 March 2015 , 2016 .

[6]  Rolland Fleury,et al.  Middle‐ and low‐latitude ionosphere response to 2015 St. Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm , 2016 .

[7]  T. Yokoyama,et al.  Duskside enhancement of equatorial zonal electric field response to convection electric fields during the St. Patrick's Day storm on 17 March 2015 , 2016 .

[8]  Irina Zakharenkova,et al.  Ionospheric response to the 2015 St. Patrick's Day storm: A global multi‐instrumental overview , 2015 .

[9]  A. Mahrous,et al.  Ionospheric disturbance dynamo associated to a coronal hole: Case study of 5–10 April 2010 , 2014 .

[10]  G. Vichare,et al.  Characteristics of penetration electric fields to the equatorial ionosphere during southward and northward IMF turnings , 2013 .

[11]  V. Klimenko,et al.  Disturbance dynamo, prompt penetration electric field and overshielding in the Earth’s ionosphere during geomagnetic storm , 2012 .

[12]  A. Mahrous,et al.  Annual and semi-annual Sq variations at 96° MM MAGDAS I and II stations in Africa , 2012, Earth, Planets and Space.

[13]  K. Yumoto,et al.  Long-term behavior of annual and semi-annual Sq variations , 2012, Earth, Planets and Space.

[14]  山崎 洋介.  Study on energy transfer of solar radiation and solar wind into equatorial ionosphere , 2011 .

[15]  D. Anderson,et al.  Modeling the Storm Time Electrodynamics , 2011 .

[16]  S. Thampi,et al.  Low‐latitude ionospheric‐thermospheric response to storm time electrodynamical coupling between high and low latitudes , 2011 .

[17]  B. Adohi,et al.  Latitudinal profile of the ionospheric disturbance dynamo magnetic signature: comparison with the DP2 magnetic disturbance , 2009 .

[18]  P. Alken,et al.  Penetration characteristics of the interplanetary electric field to the daytime equatorial ionosphere , 2008 .

[19]  R. Roble,et al.  A dayside ionospheric positive storm phase driven by neutral winds , 2008 .

[20]  P. Alken,et al.  The influence of nonmigrating tides on the longitudinal variation of the equatorial electrojet , 2008 .

[21]  M. L. Huy,et al.  Planetary magnetic signature of the storm wind disturbance dynamo currents: Ddyn , 2008 .

[22]  N. Olsen,et al.  On induction effects of geomagnetic daily variations from equatorial electrojet and solar quiet sources at low and middle latitudes , 2007 .

[23]  P. Alken,et al.  Spatio-temporal characterization of the equatorial electrojet from CHAMP, Ørsted, and SAC-C satellite magnetic measurements , 2007 .

[24]  Timothy Fuller-Rowell,et al.  Modeling storm-time electrodynamics of the low-latitude ionosphere–thermosphere system: Can long lasting disturbance electric fields be accounted for? , 2007 .

[25]  P. Alken,et al.  Spatio-temporal characterization of the equatorial electrojet from CHAMP, Oersted, and SAC-C magnetic measurements , 2006 .

[26]  M. L. Huy,et al.  Magnetic signature of the Ionospheric disturbance dynamo at equatorial latitudes “Ddyn”, ICDC –session N° 1. , 2005 .

[27]  Timothy Fuller-Rowell,et al.  Interaction between direct penetration and disturbance dynamo electric fields in the storm‐time equatorial ionosphere , 2005 .

[28]  S. Maus,et al.  Noon‐time equatorial electrojet: Its spatial features as determined by the CHAMP satellite , 2004 .

[29]  R. Roble,et al.  Long-lasting disturbances in the equatorial ionospheric electric field simulated with a coupled magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere model , 2003 .

[30]  M. Takeda.  Features of global geomagnetic Sq field from 1980 to 1990 , 2002 .

[31]  M. Pinnock,et al.  Global evolution of a substorm-associated DP2 current system observed by superDARN and magnetometers , 2000 .

[32]  Arthur D. Richmond,et al.  The ionospheric disturbance dynamo , 1980 .

[33]  J. D. Tarpley,et al.  On the production mechanism of electric currents and fields in the ionosphere , 1976 .

[34]  V. Vasyliūnas,et al.  Mathematical models of magnetospheric convection and its coupling to the ionosphere , 1970 .

[35]  S. Chapman.  Atmospheric Tides and Oscillations , 1951 .

[36]  M. Hasegawa.  On the Zonal Components of the Diurnal Variations of Terrestrial Magnetism , 1937 .

[37]  C. Brooks,et al.  AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY , 2014 .

[38]  S. Chapman.  I. The solar and lunar diurnal variations of terrestrial magnetism , 1919 .

[39]  A. Schuster.  IV. The diurnal variation of terrestrial magnetism , 2022, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London.