Intelligent Library Systems: Artificial Intelligence Technology and Library Automation Systems

Artificial Intelligence (AI) encompasses the following general areas of research: (1) automatic programming, (2) computer vision, (3) expert systems, (4) intelligent computer-assisted instruction, (5) natural language processing, (6) planning and decision support, (7) robotics, and (8) speech recognition. Intelligent library systems utilize artificial intelligence technologies to provide knowledge-based services to library patrons and staff. This paper examines certain key aspects of AI that determine its potential utility as a tool for building library systems. It discusses the barriers that inhibit the development of intelligent library systems, and it suggests possible strategies for making progress in this important area. While all of the areas of AI research indicated previously may have some eventual application in the development of library systems, this paper primarily focuses on a few that the author judges to be of most immediate significance--expert systems, intelligent computer-assisted instruction, and natural language applications. This paper does not discuss the use of AI knowledge-bases in libraries as subject-oriented library materials.

[1]  Deborah Hanfman.  AquaRef: an expert advisory system for reference support , 1989 .

[2]  P. F. Anderson.  Expert Systems, Expertise, and the Library and Information Professions. , 1988 .

[3]  Ralph Alberico,et al.  Expert systems for reference and information retrieval , 1990 .

[4]  James R. Parrott.  Simulation of the reference process , 1988 .

[5]  Gavriel Salvendy,et al.  Human intelligence models and their implications for expert system structure and research , 1988 .

[6]  Giovanni Guida,et al.  IR-NLI II: applying man-machine interaction and artificial intelligence conceptsto information retrieval , 1988, SIGIR '88.

[7]  Roy Meador,et al.  Expert systems for automatic cataloging based on AACR2: a survey of research , 1988 .

[8]  Barbara J. Grosz,et al.  Natural-Language Processing , 1982, Artificial Intelligence.

[9]  Charles W. Bailey,et al.  The Index Expert System: A Knowledge‐Based System to Assist Users in Index Selection , 1989 .

[10]  John R. Walters,et al.  Crafting Knowledge-Based Systems; Expert Systemsmade Realistic;Expert Systems Made Easy Realisti , 1988 .

[11]  Grant Fjermedal.  The Tomorrow Makers: A Brave New World of Living-Brain Machines , 1987 .

[12]  Ramanathan V. Guha,et al.  Building Large Knowledge-Based Systems: Representation and Inference in the Cyc Project , 1990 .

[13]  Decision Systems.,et al.  Expert Retrieval Assistance Development and Experimentation , 1988 .

[14]  Jeff Rickel,et al.  Intelligent computer-aided instruction: a survey organized around system components , 1989, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern..

[15]  Linda C. Smith.  Artificial intelligence and information retrieval , 1987 .

[16]  Colin Beardon,et al.  Artificial intelligence terminology : a reference guide , 1989 .

[17]  Linda C. Smith.  Knowledge-based systems, artificial intelligence and human factors , 1986 .

[18]  D. Corkill.  Blackboard Systems , 1991 .

[19]  John R. Walters,et al.  Crafting Knowledge-Based Systems: Expert Systems Made Realistic , 1988 .

[20]  Edmund H. Durfee,et al.  Increasing Coherence in a Distributed Problem-Solving Network , 1985, IJCAI.

[21]  Klaus K. Obermeier,et al.  Natural language processing technologies in artificial intelligence - the science and industry perspective , 1989, Ellis Horwood series in artificial intelligence.

[22]  Robert Carande,et al.  Indexes: a micro-based expert system , 1988 .

[23]  James Shedlock,et al.  Democratizing Information: Online Databases and the Rise of End-User Searching , 1990 .

[24]  William F. Allman.  Apprentices of Wonder: Inside the Neural Network Revolution , 1989 .

[25]  W. Bruce Croft,et al.  I3R: A new approach to the design of document retrieval systems , 1987, J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci..

[26]  W. Bruce Croft,et al.  I 3 R: a new approach to the design of document retrieval systems , 1987 .

[27]  S T Waters,et al.  Answerman, the expert information specialist: an expert system for retrieval of information from library reference books , 1986 .

[28]  Karen F. Smith.  POINTER vs. Using Government Publications , 1989 .

[29]  J. Liebowitz.  How much artificial stupidity do expert systems possess , 1989 .

[30]  Penny J. Daniels,et al.  Cognitive Models in Information Retrieval - an Evaluative Review , 1986, J. Documentation.

[31]  Joseph M.A. Cavanagh.  Library Applications of Knowledge-Based Systems , 1989 .

[32]  Nancy J. Butkovich,et al.  An Expert System at the Reference Desk , 1989 .

[33]  Nancy E. Barr,et al.  The application of expert systems in libraries , 1993 .

[34]  Lisa F. Rau,et al.  Knowledge organization and access in a conceptual information system , 1987, Inf. Process. Manag..

[35]  P.G. Selfridge,et al.  Knowledge-based software engineering , 1992, IEEE Expert.

[36]  Charles W. Bailey.  Integrated Public-Access Computer Systems: The Heart of the Electronic University , 1989 .

[37]  Wolfgang Gaul,et al.  A knowledge-based system for supporting data analysis problems , 1989, Decis. Support Syst..

[38]  Susan Gauch,et al.  An expert system for searching in full-text , 1989, Inf. Process. Manag..

[39]  Charles W. Bailey.  Public-Access Computer Systems: The Next Generation of Library Automation Systems , 1989 .

[40]  Mark Chignell,et al.  Expert Systems For Experts , 1988 .

[41]  George F. Luger,et al.  Artificial Intelligence and the Design of Expert Systems , 1990 .

[42]  S. A. Weyer.  Questing for the Dao: dowquest and intelligent text retrieval , 1989 .

[43]  Hubert L. Dreyfus,et al.  Mind over Machine: The Power of Human Intuition and Expertise in the Era of the Computer , 1987, IEEE Expert.

[44]  Tim Holthoff Mls.  Expert Librarian Applications of Expert Systems to Library Technical Services , 1989 .

[45]  Hans P. Moravec.  Mind Children: The Future of Robot and Human Intelligence , 1988 .

[46]  Robert H. Ledwith.  Development of a large, concept-oriented database for information retrieval , 1988, SIGIR '88.

[47]  Peretz Shoval,et al.  Principles, procedures and rules in an expert system for information retrieval , 1985, Inf. Process. Manag..

[48]  Brian James,et al.  Towards an expert system for cataloguing: some experiments based on AACR2 , 1984 .

[49]  James R. Parrott,et al.  REFSIM: A Bimodal Knowledge-Based Reference Training and Consultation System. , 1988 .

[50]  Christopher D. S. Moss,et al.  Intelligent databases , 1987 .

[51]  Charles W. Bailey.  Intelligent Multimedia Computer Systems: Emerging Information Resources in the Network Environment , 1990 .

[52]  C. R. Hildreth,et al.  Intelligent Interfaces and Retrieval Methods for Subject Searching in Bibliographic Retrieval Systems , 1989 .

[53]  James R. Parrott.  Simulation of the Reference Process, Part II: , 1989 .

[54]  Susanne M. Humphrey,et al.  MedIndEx system: medical indexing expert system , 1989, Inf. Process. Manag..

[55]  Diane Vizine-Goetz,et al.  Automated title page cataloging: A feasibility study , 1989, Inf. Process. Manag..

[56]  Helen M. Brooks,et al.  Plexus-the expert system for referral , 1987, Inf. Process. Manag..

[57]  Beau Sheil,et al.  Thinking about artificial intelligence , 1989 .

[58]  Jaime G. Carbonell,et al.  CoalSORT: A Knowledge-Based Interface , 1987, IEEE Expert.

[59]  Mark S. Fox,et al.  AI and expert system myths, legends, and facts , 1990, IEEE Expert.

[60]  Intelligence , 1836, The Medico-chirurgical review.

[61]  Anthony F. Norcio,et al.  Adaptive human-computer interfaces: a literature survey and perspective , 1989, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern..

[62]  A. Steven Pollitt,et al.  CANSEARCH: An expert systems approach to document retrieval , 1987, Inf. Process. Manag..

[63]  Helen M. Brooks,et al.  Expert systems and intelligent information retrieval , 1987, Inf. Process. Manag..

[64]  Louis E. Frenzel.  Crash course in artificial intelligence and expert systems , 1987 .

[65]  Mark Chignell,et al.  Intelligent databases - object-oriented deductive hypermedia technologies , 1989 .