The Relationship Between Use of Writing Strategies and English Proficiency in Singapore Primary Schools

This article reports on a questionnaire-based investigation of writing strategies used by Singapore primary school pupils. A sample of 1,618 pupils from two local primary schools participated in the study. A number of one-way ANOVA analyses were run to measure the relationship between the participants’ use of writing strategies and their English language proficiency. The findings show that Singapore upper primary school pupils used a wide range of writing strategies at a medium frequency. Planning, text-generating, revising, monitoring and evaluating, and resourcing strategies were found to be significantly correlated with the participants’ English language results. However, local variations were also detected. Methodological limitations and recommendations for future research are then discussed.

[1]  Guangwei Hu,et al.  Investigating Language Learner Strategies among Lower Primary School Pupils in Singapore , 2005 .

[2]  Vivian Zamel The Composing Processes of Advanced ESL Students: Six Case Studies , 1983 .

[3]  Luu Trong Tuan,et al.  Theory and Practice in Language Studies , 2011 .

[4]  Rhonda Oliver,et al.  The relationship between language learning strategies, proficiency, age and self-efficacy beliefs: A study of language learners in Botswana , 2007 .

[5]  K. Boonkit,et al.  Learning Strategies in Reading and Writing: EAP Contexts , 2004 .

[6]  Yan Chen,et al.  Study of the Writing Strategies Used by Chinese Non-English Majors , 2011 .

[7]  W. Schneider,et al.  Metacognition, strategy use, and instruction , 2010 .

[8]  Mia Victori An analysis of writing knowledge in EFL composing: a case study of two effective and two less effective writers , 1999 .

[9]  Rebecca L. Oxford,et al.  Language learning strategy profiles of elementary school students in Taiwan , 2003 .

[10]  J. Hayes,et al.  A Cognitive Process Theory of Writing , 1981, College Composition & Communication.

[11]  Dwight Atkinson,et al.  L2 writing in the post-process era: Introduction , 2003 .

[12]  Paul Kei Matsuda,et al.  Process and post-process: A discursive history , 2003 .

[13]  Alexandra Rowe Krapels Second Language Writing: An overview of second language writing process research , 1990 .

[14]  Liz Murphy,et al.  The foreign language writer's strategic behaviour in the allocation of time to writing processes , 2008 .

[15]  J. Rubin WHAT THE GOOD LANGUAGE LEARNER CAN TEACH US , 1975 .

[16]  Cheah Yin Mee English Language Teaching in Singapore , 2002 .

[17]  Charles A. MacArthur,et al.  Effects of goal setting and procedural facilitation on the revising behavior and writing performance of students with writing and learning problems. , 1995 .

[18]  Bojana Petric,et al.  Validating a Writing Strategy Questionnaire. , 2003 .

[19]  Shih-Chieh Chien Students' use of writing strategies and their English writing achievements in Taiwan , 2012 .

[20]  P. B. El-Dinary,et al.  Children's Learning Strategies in Language Immersion Classrooms , 1999 .

[21]  Ken Hyland,et al.  Second Language Writing , 2003 .

[22]  Angela Kirkpatrick English as an Asian lingua franca and the multilingual model of ELT , 2010, Language Teaching.

[23]  O. Takeuchi,et al.  Language learning strategies used by lower secondary school learners in a Japanese EFL context1 , 2009 .

[24]  Marjolijn Verspoor,et al.  Variability in Second Language Development From a Dynamic Systems Perspective , 2008 .

[25]  Elsa Tragant,et al.  Language learning strategies, course grades, and age in EFL secondary school learners , 2012 .

[26]  Xuesong Gao A Critical review of questionnaire use in learner strategy research , 2004 .

[27]  Ann Raimes,et al.  WHAT UNSKILLED ESL STUDENTS DO AS THEY WRITE: A CLASSROOM STUDY OF COMPOSING , 1985 .

[28]  Steve Graham,et al.  Powerful Writing Strategies for All Students , 2007 .

[29]  S. Graham,et al.  Metacognition and strategies instruction in writing , 2010 .

[30]  Gao Hai-yu,et al.  Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition , 2007 .

[31]  Sondra Perl Research as a Recursive Process: Reconsidering "The Composing Processes of Unskilled College Writers" 35 Years Later. , 2014 .

[32]  Rebecca L. Oxford,et al.  Language Learning Strategies: What Every Teacher Should Know , 1990 .

[33]  S. Thompson Language Learner Strategies: 30 Years of Research and Practice , 2009 .

[34]  Icy Lee Assessment for Learning: Integrating Assessment, Teaching, and Learning in the ESL/EFL Writing Classroom , 2007 .

[35]  G. Hu,et al.  A cognitive perspective on Singaporean primary school pupils' use of reading strategies in learning to read in English. , 2008, The British journal of educational psychology.