The influence of the SPEED bracket's self-ligating design on force levels in tooth movement: a comparative in vitro study.

In the SPEED bracket system the arch wire is retained in the arch wire slot by means of a built-in, escape-proof, flexible spring clip. Unlike the traditional edgewise bracket, it requires no ligature tie, thus ostensibly reducing the frictional force generated by the more-established elastomeric or steel-tie ligature systems. An in vitro study was designed to compare the level of force required to move four distinct arch wires a similar distance, on six occasions, through four ligated bracket systems and the self-ligated SPEED bracket. The results consistently demonstrated a significant decrease in the force level required for the SPEED bracket with all four arch wires when compared with elastomeric and steel-tie ligation in both metal and plastic bracket systems.

[1]  P. Begg.  Differential force in orthodontic treatment , 1956 .

[2]  R J Nikolai,et al.  A comparative study of frictional resistances between orthodontic bracket and arch wire. , 1980, American journal of orthodontics.

[3]  S. Farrant.  An Evaluation of Different Methods of Canine Retraction , 1977, British Journal of Orthodontics.

[4]  G. Andreasen.  Comparison of freedom of tooth movement existing between three variables. , 1967, American Journal of Orthodontics.

[5]  L F Andrews,et al.  The Straight-Wire Appliance , 1979, Informationen aus Orthodontie und Kieferorthopadie : mit Beitragen aus der internationalen Literatur.

[6]  G H Hanson,et al.  The SPEED system: a report on the development of a new edgewise appliance. , 1980, American journal of orthodontics.

[7]  H. Halderson.  Routine use of minute forces , 1957 .

[8]  Roth Rh.  Five year clinical evaluation of the Andrews straight-wire appliance. , 1976 .

[9]  J. Jarabak.  Development of a treatment plan in the light of one's concept of treatment objectives☆ , 1960 .

[10]  G. Andreasen,et al.  Evaluation of friction forces in the 0.022 x 0.028 edgewise bracket in vitro. , 1970, Journal of biomechanics.

[11]  K. Reitan.  Continuous Bodily Tooth Movement and its Histological Significance , 1947 .

[12]  J. Nicolls.  Frictional forces in fixed orthodontic appliances. , 1968, The Dental practitioner and dental record.

[13]  R. Isaacson,et al.  A laminagraphic study of cuspid retraction versus molar anchorage loss. , 1970, The Angle orthodontist.