A comparison of linear genetic programming and neural networks in medical data mining

We introduce a new form of linear genetic programming (GP). Two methods of acceleration of our GP approach are discussed: 1) an efficient algorithm that eliminates intron code and 2) a demetic approach to virtually parallelize the system on a single processor. Acceleration of runtime is especially important when operating with complex data sets, because they are occurring in real-world applications. We compare GP performance on medical classification problems from a benchmark database with results obtained by neural networks. Our results show that GP performs comparably in classification and generalization.

[1]  M. Kimura,et al.  'Stepping stone' model of population , 1953 .

[2]  Peter J. Angeline,et al.  Explicitly Defined Introns and Destructive Crossover in Genetic Programming , 1996 .

[3]  Hans-Paul Schwefel,et al.  Evolution and optimum seeking , 1995, Sixth-generation computer technology series.

[4]  Jeffrey W. Roberts,et al.  遺伝子の分子生物学 = Molecular biology of the gene , 1970 .

[5]  S. Wright,et al.  Isolation by Distance. , 1943, Genetics.

[6]  W. Baxt Application of artificial neural networks to clinical medicine , 1995, The Lancet.

[7]  Vidroha Debroy,et al.  Genetic Programming , 1998, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

[8]  Peter Nordin,et al.  Evolving Turing-Complete Programs for a Register Machine with Self-modifying Code , 1995, ICGA.

[9]  Lutz Prechelt,et al.  PROBEN 1 - a set of benchmarks and benchmarking rules for neural network training algorithms , 1994 .

[10]  Charles E. Taylor Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems: An Introductory Analysis with Applications to Biology, Control, and Artificial Intelligence. Complex Adaptive Systems.John H. Holland , 1994 .

[11]  Peter Nordin,et al.  A compiling genetic programming system that directly manipulates the machine-code , 1994 .

[12]  Peter Nordin,et al.  Evolutionary program induction of binary machine code and its applications , 1997 .

[13]  Lawrence J. Fogel,et al.  Evolutionary Programming: Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference , 1994 .

[14]  I Martínez-Pérez,et al.  Genetic programming for classification and feature selection: analysis of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra from human brain tumour biopsies , 1998, NMR in biomedicine.

[15]  Richard M. Friedberg,et al.  A Learning Machine: Part II , 1959, IBM J. Res. Dev..

[16]  M. Kimura,et al.  The Stepping Stone Model of Population Structure and the Decrease of Genetic Correlation with Distance. , 1964, Genetics.

[17]  C. Arús,et al.  Genetic Programming for classification of brain tumours from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance biopsy , 1996 .

[18]  Richard M. Friedberg,et al.  A Learning Machine: Part I , 1958, IBM J. Res. Dev..

[19]  Martin A. Riedmiller,et al.  A direct adaptive method for faster backpropagation learning: the RPROP algorithm , 1993, IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks.

[20]  Wolfgang Banzhaf,et al.  Genetic Programming for Pedestrians , 1993, ICGA.

[21]  B. Bainbridge,et al.  Genetics , 1981, Experientia.

[22]  Brian D. Ripley,et al.  Clinical applications of artificial neural networks: Neural networks as statistical methods in survival analysis , 2001 .

[23]  Lawrence J. Fogel,et al.  Artificial Intelligence through Simulated Evolution , 1966 .

[24]  Walter Alden Tackett,et al.  Recombination, selection, and the genetic construction of computer programs , 1994 .

[25]  Nichael Lynn Cramer,et al.  A Representation for the Adaptive Generation of Simple Sequential Programs , 1985, ICGA.

[26]  John R. Koza,et al.  Hierarchical Genetic Algorithms Operating on Populations of Computer Programs , 1989, IJCAI.

[27]  Peter Nordin,et al.  Parallel Machine Code Genetic Programming , 1999, GECCO.

[28]  Peter Russell,et al.  Computerized Consensus Diagnosis: A Classification Strategy for the Robust Analysis of MR Spectra. I. Application to 1H Spectra of Thyroid Neoplasms , 1995, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[29]  John R. Koza,et al.  Parallel genetic programming: a scalable implementation using the transputer network architecture , 1996 .

[30]  B. Schaal,et al.  Isolation by distance in Liatris cylindracea , 1974, Nature.

[31]  P. Nordin,et al.  Explicitly defined introns and destructive crossover in genetic programming , 1996 .

[32]  Catherine Blake,et al.  UCI Repository of machine learning databases , 1998 .

[33]  Reiko Tanese,et al.  Distributed Genetic Algorithms , 1989, ICGA.

[34]  Peter Nordin,et al.  Genetic programming - An Introduction: On the Automatic Evolution of Computer Programs and Its Applications , 1998 .