Placing Multicast Proxies for Internet Live Media Streaming

Placing multicast proxies on the Internet can largely reduce the delivery delay of Internet live media streaming using overlay multicast mechanisms. In this paper, we propose a new approach to address the issue of proxy placement in an overlay multicast network. The task is to decide an optimal placement of multicast proxies in the overlay multicast network so as to minimize the average end-to-end delay of the overlay skeleton tree subject to out-degree balancing constraint and maximum delivery delay bound. We present two heuristic methods for this proxy placement problem. Experimental results demonstrate that proxy placement due to our proposed approach can greatly improve the overlay multicast routing performance. In comparison with an existing approach commonly used for replica placement in content distribution networks, our proposed approach significantly improves the end-to-end latency performance of overlay multicast networks, and is not much sensitive to network dynamics.

[1]  Donald F. Towsley,et al.  Inferring TCP connection characteristics through passive measurements , 2004, IEEE INFOCOM 2004.

[2]  Bryant A. Julstrom,et al.  A weighted coding in a genetic algorithm for the degree-constrained minimum spanning tree problem , 2000, SAC '00.

[3]  Ellen W. Zegura,et al.  How to model an internetwork , 1996, Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM '96. Conference on Computer Communications.

[4]  Teofilo F. Gonzalez,et al.  P-Complete Approximation Problems , 1976, J. ACM.

[5]  Balachander Krishnamurthy,et al.  On network-aware clustering of Web clients , 2000, SIGCOMM 2000.

[6]  Stephen E. Deering,et al.  Multicast routing in datagram internetworks and extended LANs , 1990, TOCS.

[7]  Sonia Fahmy,et al.  Topology-aware overlay networks for group communication , 2002, NOSSDAV '02.

[8]  David W. Corne,et al.  The edge-window-decoder representation for tree-based problems , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation.

[9]  Dan Rubenstein,et al.  A graph theoretic approach to bounding delay in proxy-assisted, end-system multicast , 2002, IEEE 2002 Tenth IEEE International Workshop on Quality of Service (Cat. No.02EX564).

[10]  Lili Qiu,et al.  On the placement of Web server replicas , 2001, Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2001. Conference on Computer Communications. Twentieth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Society (Cat. No.01CH37213).

[11]  K. Deb.  An Efficient Constraint Handling Method for Genetic Algorithms , 2000 .

[12]  Moshe Zukerman,et al.  Carrier-scale programmable networks: wholesaler platform and resource optimization , 2001, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[13]  Bayan S. Sharif,et al.  An improved resource allocation scheme for plane cover multiple access using genetic algorithm , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation.

[14]  Bruce M. Maggs,et al.  The feasibility of supporting large-scale live streaming applications with dynamic application end-points , 2004, SIGCOMM 2004.

[15]  Jonathan S. Turner,et al.  Routing in overlay multicast networks , 2002, Proceedings.Twenty-First Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies.

[16]  Bobby Bhattacharjee,et al.  Scalable application layer multicast , 2002, SIGCOMM 2002.

[17]  Arne A. Nilsson,et al.  On service level agreements for IP networks , 2002, Proceedings.Twenty-First Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies.

[18]  Goldberg,et al.  Genetic algorithms , 1993, Robust Control Systems with Genetic Algorithms.

[19]  David E. Goldberg,et al.  Genetic Algorithms in Search Optimization and Machine Learning , 1988 .

[20]  Keith W. Ross,et al.  A Measurement Study of a Large-Scale P2P IPTV System , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Multimedia.

[21]  Srinivasan Seshan,et al.  A case for end system multicast , 2002, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[22]  Mario Gerla,et al.  TOMA: A Viable Solution for Large-Scale Multicast Service Support , 2005, NETWORKING.

[23]  Arun Venkataramani,et al.  A structural approach to latency prediction , 2006, IMC '06.

[24]  Samir Khuller,et al.  Construction of an efficient overlay multicast infrastructure for real-time applications , 2003, IEEE INFOCOM 2003. Twenty-second Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37428).

[25]  Christophe Diot,et al.  Deployment issues for the IP multicast service and architecture , 2000, IEEE Netw..

[26]  Bruce M. Maggs,et al.  An analysis of live streaming workloads on the internet , 2004, IMC '04.

[27]  David S. Johnson,et al.  Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness , 1978 .

[28]  Krishna P. Gummadi,et al.  King: estimating latency between arbitrary internet end hosts , 2002, IMW '02.