A system theoretic formulation of NMR experiments

A detailed system theoretic description is given of NMR experiments including relaxation effects. The approach is based on an exact and analytical solution to the master equation. It is shown that NMR experiments can be described in the framework of bilinear time-invariant systems. This description is used to derive closed-form expressions for the spectrum of one- and two-dimensional experiments. The simulations show that the approach accounts for the frequency dependence of a pulse, distinguishes between soft and hard pulses and also explains artifacts such as axial peaks.