Odorant-binding proteins.

Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are low-molecular-weight soluble proteins highly concentrated in the nasal mucus of vertebrates and in the sensillar lymph of insects. Their affinity toward odors and pheromones suggests a role in olfactory perception, but their physiological function has not been clearly defined. Several members of this class of proteins have been isolated and characterized both in insects and vertebrates; in most species two or three types of OBPs are expressed in the nasal area. Vertebrates OBPs show significant sequence similarity with a superfamily of soluble carrier proteins called lipocalins. They include some proteins of particular interest that are thought to be involved in the mechanism of releasing and modulating chemical messages with pheromonal activity. The data on vertebrate OBPs are here reviewed together with the most relevant information on related proteins. Theories and models of the physiological functions of odorant-binding proteins are presented and discussed.

[1]  J. Bishop,et al.  Structure of mouse major urinary protein genes: different splicing configurations in the 3′‐non‐coding region. , 1984, The EMBO journal.

[2]  S. Mowbray,et al.  1.7 A X-ray structure of the periplasmic ribose receptor from Escherichia coli. , 1992, Journal of molecular biology.

[3]  A. North,et al.  Pheromone binding to two rodent urinary proteins revealed by X-ray crystallography , 1992, Nature.

[4]  H. Breer,et al.  Odorant binding proteins of Heliothis virescens. , 1993, Insect biochemistry and molecular biology.

[5]  P. Pelosi,et al.  Specific anosmia to l-carvone: the minty primary odour , 1978 .

[6]  Role of cyclic adenosine-3′,5′-monophosphate in olfactory reception , 2005, Neurophysiology.

[7]  H. Toh,et al.  Human brain prostaglandin D synthase has been evolutionarily differentiated from lipophilic-ligand carrier proteins. , 1991, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[8]  R. Wells,et al.  Isolation of an olfactory cDNA: similarity to retinol-binding protein suggests a role in olfaction. , 1987, Science.

[9]  S H Snyder,et al.  The Odorant‐Sensitive Adenylate Cyclase of Olfactory Receptor Cells , 1986, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[10]  E. Derman,et al.  Nucleotide sequences of liver, lachrymal, and submaxillary gland mouse major urinary protein mRNAs: mosaic structure and construction of panels of gene-specific synthetic oligonucleotide probes , 1987, Molecular and cellular biology.

[11]  D. Lancet,et al.  Olfactory GTP-binding protein: signal-transducing polypeptide of vertebrate chemosensory neurons. , 1986, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[12]  F. Buck,et al.  Molecular cloning of human von Ebner's gland protein, a member of the lipocalin superfamily highly expressed in lingual salivary glands. , 1993, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[13]  R. Matusik,et al.  Regulation of a bifunctional mRNA results in synthesis of secreted and nuclear probasin. , 1989, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[14]  S. Kanaujia,et al.  Insect olfactory cells: Electrophysiological and biochemical studies , 1985 .

[15]  G. Prestwich.  Bacterial expression and photoaffinity labeling of a pheromone binding protein , 1993, Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society.

[16]  V. I. Novoselov,et al.  Molecular mechanisms of odor sensing. VI. Some biochemical characteristics of a possible receptor for amino acids from the olfactory epithelium of the skate Dasyatis pastinaca and carp Cyprinus carpio. , 1983, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[17]  H. Breer,et al.  Rapid kinetics of second messenger formation in olfactory transduction , 1990, Nature.

[18]  W. Booth,et al.  The isolation, purification and some properties of pheromaxein, the pheromonal steroid-binding protein, in porcine submaxillary glands and saliva. , 1988, The Journal of endocrinology.

[19]  Michael M. Wang,et al.  Molecular cloning of the olfactory neuronal transcription factor Olf-1 by genetic selection in yeast , 1993, Nature.

[20]  F. Lottspeich,et al.  cDNA cloning and sequencing reveals human tear prealbumin to be a member of the lipophilic-ligand carrier protein superfamily. , 1992, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[21]  J. Thorson,et al.  Insect Olfactory Sensilla: Structural, Chemical and Electrical Aspects of the Functional Organisation , 1980 .

[22]  Steven Price,et al.  Anisole binding protein from olfactory epithelium: evidence for a role in transduction , 1979 .

[23]  W. Held,et al.  The gene family for major urinary proteins: Expression in several secretory tissues of the mouse , 1983, Cell.

[24]  K. Kaissling,et al.  Chemo-electrical transduction in insect olfactory receptors. , 1986, Annual review of neuroscience.

[25]  M. Bolognesi,et al.  Crystal structure of the trigonal form of bovine beta-lactoglobulin and of its complex with retinol at 2.5 A resolution. , 1987, Journal of molecular biology.

[26]  H. Breer,et al.  Odorants of the same odor class activate different second messenger pathways , 1991 .

[27]  G. Dodd,et al.  Olfactory adenylate cyclase of the rat. Stimulation by odorants and inhibition by Ca2+. , 1986, The Biochemical journal.

[28]  H. Breer,et al.  Termination of second messenger signaling in olfaction. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[29]  D. Koshland.  Biochemistry of sensing and adaptation in a simple bacterial system. , 1981, Annual review of biochemistry.

[30]  P. Pelosi,et al.  Odorant-binding proteins in vertebrates and insects: similarities and possible common function , 1990 .

[31]  P. Pelosi,et al.  Specificity of a pyrazine binding protein from cow olfactory mucosa , 1985 .

[32]  R. Tirindelli,et al.  Complete amino acid sequence of pyrazine-binding protein from cow nasal mucosa. , 1989, European journal of biochemistry.

[33]  R. Levine,et al.  Regeneration of olfactory axons and synapse formation in the forebrain after bulbectomy in neonatal mice. , 1978, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[34]  K. Persaud,et al.  Binding and metabolism of the urinous odorant 5α-androstan-3-one in sheep olfactory mucosa , 1988 .

[35]  A. Singer.  A chemistry of mammalian pheromones , 1991, The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.

[36]  F. Costantini,et al.  Silent genes in the mouse major urinary protein gene family. , 1989, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[37]  M. J. Coon,et al.  Purification and characterization of two unique forms of cytochrome P-450 from rabbit nasal microsomes. , 1988, Biochemistry.

[38]  J. Polazzi,et al.  The mRNA for a proteinase inhibitor related to the HI-30 domain of inter-α-trypsin inhibitor also encodes α-1-microgiobulin (protein HC , 1986 .

[39]  T. Rabbitts,et al.  Molecular cloning of putative odorant-binding and odorant-metabolizing proteins. , 1991, Biochemistry.

[40]  A. Pisanelli,et al.  Specific anosmia to 1,8-cineole: the camphor primary odour , 1981 .

[41]  P. Pelosi,et al.  Binding of selected odorants to bovine and porcine odorant-binding proteins. , 1993 .

[42]  P. Pelosi,et al.  SPECIFIC ANOSMIA TO ISOBUTYRALDEHYDE: THE MALTY PRIMARY ODOR , 1976 .

[43]  R. Anholt,et al.  Olfactomedin: purification, characterization, and localization of a novel olfactory glycoprotein. , 1991, Biochemistry.

[44]  G. Ziegelberger,et al.  On the function of the pheromone binding protein in the olfactory hairs of Antheraea polyphemus , 1991 .

[45]  S. Snyder,et al.  Transduction proteins of olfactory receptor cells: identification of guanine nucleotide binding proteins and protein kinase C. , 1987 .

[46]  P. Kraulis,et al.  The structure of β-lactoglobulin and its similarity to plasma retinol-binding protein , 1986, Nature.

[47]  John E. Amoore.  SYNTHETIC FLAVORS: A NEW APPROACH TO EFFICIENCY AND SAFETY , 1976 .

[48]  H. Breer,et al.  A novel class of binding proteins in the antennae of the silk moth Antheraea pernyi , 1990 .

[49]  S. Snyder,et al.  Odorant-binding protein. Characterization of ligand binding. , 1990, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[50]  Richard Axel,et al.  Coding of olfactory information: Topography of odorant receptor expression in the catfish olfactory epithelium , 1993, Cell.

[51]  M. Lerner,et al.  Characterization and cDNA cloning of the pheromone-binding protein from the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta: a tissue-specific developmentally regulated protein. , 1988, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[52]  R. Akeson,et al.  Olf-1-binding site: characterization of an olfactory neuron-specific promoter motif , 1993, Molecular and cellular biology.

[53]  P. Gervasi,et al.  Biotransformation enzymes in nasal mucosa and liver of Sprague-Dawley rats. , 1988, Toxicology letters.

[54]  T. Getchell,et al.  Perireceptor and receptor events in vertebrate olfaction , 1984, Progress in Neurobiology.

[55]  S. Snyder,et al.  Molecular cloning of odorant-binding protein: member of a ligand carrier family. , 1988, Science.

[56]  L. Riddiford,et al.  Pheromone binding and inactivation by moth antennae , 1981, Nature.

[57]  A. Pisanelli,et al.  Identification of a specific olfactory receptor for 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine. , 1982, The Biochemical journal.

[58]  P. Pelosi,et al.  Purification and characterization of two odorant-binding proteins from nasal tissue of rabbit and pig. , 1991, Comparative biochemistry and physiology. B, Comparative biochemistry.

[59]  M. Potter,et al.  Major Urinary Protein Complex of Normal Mice: Origin , 1965, Science.

[60]  H. Breer.  Molecular reaction cascades in olfactory signal transduction , 1991, The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.

[61]  R. Vogt,et al.  Expression of pheromone binding proteins during antennal development in the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar , 1989, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[62]  H. Breer,et al.  Molecular cloning of an insect pheromone‐binding protein , 1989, FEBS letters.

[63]  D. T. Jones,et al.  Golf: an olfactory neuron specific-G protein involved in odorant signal transduction. , 1989, Science.

[64]  R. Axel,et al.  A novel multigene family may encode odorant receptors: A molecular basis for odor recognition , 1991, Cell.

[65]  K Kurihara,et al.  High activity of adenyl cyclase in olfactory and gustatory organs. , 1972, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[66]  H Breer,et al.  Rapid activation of alternative second messenger pathways in olfactory cilia from rats by different odorants. , 1990, The EMBO journal.

[67]  T. Boehm,et al.  Novel genes for potential ligand‐binding proteins in subregions of the olfactory mucosa. , 1991, The EMBO journal.

[68]  D. Lancet,et al.  Primary structure of cAMP‐gated channel from bovine olfactory epithelium , 1990, FEBS letters.

[69]  P. Pelosi,et al.  Multiple types and forms of odorant-binding proteins in the Old-World porcupine Hystrix cristata. , 1993, Comparative biochemistry and physiology. B, Comparative biochemistry.

[70]  Jonathan Pevsner,et al.  Molecular mechanisms of olfaction , 1988, Trends in Neurosciences.

[71]  L. Riddiford,et al.  Sex pheromone receptor proteins. Visualization using a radiolabeled photoaffinity analog. , 1988, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[72]  F. Margolis.  A brain protein unique to the olfactory bulb. , 1972, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[73]  P. Pelosi,et al.  Occurrence of a pyrazine binding protein in the nasal mucosa of some vertebrates. , 1986, Comparative biochemistry and physiology. B, Comparative biochemistry.

[74]  S. Snyder,et al.  Odorant-binding protein: localization to nasal glands and secretions. , 1986, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[75]  M. J. Coon,et al.  cDNA and derived amino acid sequence of rabbit nasal cytochrome P450NMb (P450IIG1), a unique isozyme possibly involved in olfaction. , 1991, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[76]  Membrane proteins unique to vertebrate olfactory cilia: candidates for sensory receptor molecules. , 1984, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[77]  L. Buck,et al.  Receptor diversity and spatial patterning in the mammalian olfactory system. , 1993, Ciba Foundation symposium.

[78]  R. Anholt,et al.  Formation of the extracellular mucous matrix of olfactory neuroepithelium: identification of partially glycosylated and nonglycosylated precursors of olfactomedin. , 1993, Biochemistry.

[79]  J. Amoore,et al.  SPECIFIC ANOSMIAS TO 5α-ANDROST-16-EN-3-ONE AND ω-PENTADECALACTONE: THE URINOUS AND MUSKY PRIMARY ODORS , 1977 .

[80]  P. Graziadei,et al.  NEURONAL REGENERATION IN FROG OLFACTORY SYSTEM , 1973, The Journal of cell biology.

[81]  Y. Urade,et al.  Primary Structure of Rat Brain Prostaglandin D Synthetase Deduced from the cDNA Sequence , 1989, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[82]  P. Pelosi,et al.  Affinities of nutty and green-smelling pyrazines and thiazoles to odorant-binding proteins, in relation with their lipophilicity. , 1995, Chemical senses.

[83]  T. Hara,et al.  Accumulation of chemostimulatory amino acids by a sedimentable fraction isolated from olfactory rosettes of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). , 1981, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[84]  V. I. Novoselov,et al.  Molecular mechanisms of odor sensing. V. Some biochemical characteristics of the alanineous receptor from the olfactory epithelium of the skate Dasyatis pastinaca , 1980 .

[85]  V. I. Novoselov,et al.  Properties of odour-binding glycoproteins from rat olfactory epithelium. , 1988, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[86]  P. Pelosi,et al.  Isolation of two odorant-binding proteins from mouse nasal tissue. , 1992, Comparative biochemistry and physiology. B, Comparative biochemistry.

[87]  M. Vidal,et al.  Olfactory marker protein gene: its structure and olfactory neuron-specific expression in transgenic mice. , 1989, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[88]  M. J. Coon,et al.  Immunochemical characterization of multiple forms of cytochrome P-450 in rabbit nasal microsomes and evidence for tissue-specific expression of P-450s NMa and NMb. , 1990, Molecular pharmacology.

[89]  P. Graziadei,et al.  Neurogenesis of sensory neurons in the primate olfactory system after section of the fila olfactoria , 1980, Brain Research.

[90]  U. Klein.  Sensillum-lymph proteins from antennal olfactory hairs of the moth Antheraea polyphemus (Saturniidae) , 1987 .

[91]  D. Pappin,et al.  Homology between the pyrazine‐binding protein from nasal mucosa and major urinary proteins , 1987, FEBS letters.

[92]  H. Monaco,et al.  Three‐dimensional structure and active site of three hydrophobic molecule‐binding proteins with significant amino acid sequence similarity , 1992, Biopolymers.

[93]  V. I. Novoselov,et al.  Molecular mechanisms of olfactory reception. IV. Some biochemical characteristics of the camphor receptor from rat olfactory epithelium. , 1979, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[94]  R. H. Cagan,et al.  Biochemical studies of olfaction: binding specificity of radioactively labeled stimuli to an isolated olfactory preparation from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). , 1978, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[95]  A. Dahl.  The Effect of Cytochrome P-450-Dependent Metabolism and Other Enzyme Activities on Olfaction , 1988 .

[96]  R. Cancedda,et al.  The Ch21 protein, developmentally regulated in chick embryo, belongs to the superfamily of lipophilic molecule carrier proteins. , 1990, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[97]  G. Ziegelberger,et al.  The pheromone binding protein of Bombyx mori: Purification, characterization and immunocytochemical localization , 1993 .

[98]  P. Pelosi,et al.  Odorant-binding proteins of the mouse. , 1995, Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology.

[99]  Miriam Khen,et al.  Odorant signal termination by olfactory UDP glucuronosyl transferase , 1991, Nature.

[100]  D. Lancet,et al.  Olfactory-specific cytochrome P-450. cDNA cloning of a novel neuroepithelial enzyme possibly involved in chemoreception. , 1989, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[101]  A. Means,et al.  Molecular cloning of the cDNA for two major androgen-dependent secretory proteins of 18.5 kilodaltons synthesized by the rat epididymis. , 1986, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[102]  R. Tirindelli,et al.  Ligand binding characteristics of homologous rat and mouse urinary proteins and pyrazine-binding protein of calf. , 1990, Comparative biochemistry and physiology. B, Comparative biochemistry.

[103]  C. T. Riley,et al.  The covalent protein structure of insecticyanin, a blue biliprotein from the hemolymph of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta L. , 1984, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[104]  R. Anholt.  Molecular neurobiology of olfaction. , 1993, Critical reviews in neurobiology.

[105]  R. Lefkowitz,et al.  A beta-adrenergic receptor kinase-like enzyme is involved in olfactory signal termination. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[106]  S. Snyder,et al.  Isolation and characterization of an olfactory receptor protein for odorant pyrazines. , 1985, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[107]  A. Pisanelli,et al.  Binding of [3H]-2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine to cow olfactory mucosa , 1981 .

[108]  T. Getchell,et al.  Odorant stimulation of secretory and neural processes in the salamander olfactory mucosa , 1987, Journal of Comparative Physiology A.

[109]  Y. Khew-Goodall,et al.  Molecular cloning and sequencing of a cDNA for olfactory marker protein. , 1987, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[110]  G. Dodd,et al.  Evidence for the specific involvement of cyclic AMP in the olfactory transduction mechanism. , 1977, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[111]  Y. Shi,et al.  Subfamily of submaxillary gland-specific Mup genes: chromosomal linkage and sequence comparison with liver-specific Mup genes. , 1989, Nucleic acids research.

[112]  R. Anholt,et al.  Molecular cloning of olfactomedin, an extracellular matrix protein specific to olfactory neuroepithelium. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[113]  T. Getchell,et al.  Vomeromodulin, a putative pheromone transporter: cloning, characterization, and cellular localization of a novel glycoprotein of lateral nasal gland , 1991, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[114]  M. Beets.  Structure-activity relationships in human chemoreception , 1978 .

[115]  T. Getchell,et al.  Mucous domains: microchemical heterogeneity in the mucociliary complex of the olfactory epithelium. , 1993, Ciba Foundation symposium.

[116]  J. Amoore,et al.  Odour-Blindness to Musk: Simple Recessive Inheritance , 1973, Nature.

[117]  R. Buttery,et al.  Partition coefficient and comparative olfactometry , 1978 .

[118]  G. Lowe,et al.  Adenylate cyclase mediates olfactory transduction for a wide variety of odorants. , 1989, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[119]  H. Breer,et al.  Cloning and expression of odorant receptors , 1993, Nature.

[120]  S. Price,et al.  Anisole binding protein from dog olfactory epithelium , 1978 .

[121]  John E. Amoore,et al.  SPECIFIC ANOSMIA AND THE CONCEPT OF PRIMARY ODORS , 1977 .

[122]  S H Snyder,et al.  Odorant-binding protein and its mRNA are localized to lateral nasal gland implying a carrier function. , 1988, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[123]  R. Vogt,et al.  The Biochemistry of Odorant Reception and Transduction , 1990 .

[124]  G M Shepherd,et al.  The olfactory system: the uses of neural space for a non-spatial modality. , 1985, Progress in clinical and biological research.

[125]  R. Tirindelli,et al.  Immunocytochemical localization of pyrazine-binding protein in bovine nasal mucosa , 1987, Cell and Tissue Research.

[126]  S. Price,et al.  Benzaldehyde Binding Protein from Dog Olfactory Epithelium a , 1987 .

[127]  O. Jänne,et al.  Complete amino acid sequence of human placental protein 14: a progesterone-regulated uterine protein homologous to beta-lactoglobulins. , 1988, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[128]  Günther Ohloff,et al.  Riechstoffe und Geruchssinn , 1990 .

[129]  A. Chess,et al.  The family of genes encoding odorant receptors in the channel catfish , 1993, Cell.

[130]  G. Prestwich,et al.  Characterization of a novel inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor in isolated olfactory cilia. , 1992, The Biochemical journal.

[131]  D. Lancet,et al.  Identification and biochemical analysis of novel olfactory-specific cytochrome P-450IIA and UDP-glucuronosyl transferase. , 1990, Biochemistry.

[132]  Frederick W. Dahlquist,et al.  Molecular components of bacterial chemotaxis , 1987 .

[133]  E. Méndez,et al.  Human protein HC and its IgA complex are inhibitors of neutrophil chemotaxis. , 1986, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[134]  S. Snyder,et al.  Odorant-binding protein: odorant transport function in the vertebrate nasal epithelium , 1990 .

[135]  H. Karten,et al.  Sequence analysis, cellular localization, and expression of a neuroretina adhesion and cell survival molecule , 1987, Cell.

[136]  J. Hemberger,et al.  The Neurobiology of Pheromone Reception , 1987 .

[137]  T. Getchell,et al.  Immunohistochemical localization of components of the immune barrier in the olfactory mucosae of salamanders and rats , 1991, The Anatomical record.

[138]  F. Macrides,et al.  Aphrodisin : pheromone or transducer? , 1990 .

[139]  K C Persaud,et al.  Purification and characterisation of an odorant-binding protein from cow nasal tissue. , 1985, European journal of biochemistry.

[140]  M. Lerner,et al.  Molecular cloning and sequencing of general odorant-binding proteins GOBP1 and GOBP2 from the tobacco hawk moth Manduca sexta: comparisons with other insect OBPs and their signal peptides , 1991, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[141]  R. Vogt,et al.  Odorant-binding-protein subfamilies associate with distinct classes of olfactory receptor neurons in insects. , 1991, Journal of neurobiology.

[142]  Doron Lancet,et al.  Odorant-sensitive adenylate cyclase may mediate olfactory reception , 1985, Nature.

[143]  T. Huque,et al.  Odorant- and guanine nucleotide-stimulated phosphoinositide turnover in olfactory cilia. , 1986, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[144]  Complete sequence and model for the A2 subunit of the carotenoid pigment complex, crustacyanin. , 1991 .

[145]  D. Lancet,et al.  Polypeptide gp95. A unique glycoprotein of olfactory cilia with transmembrane receptor properties. , 1986, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[146]  J. Amoore,et al.  Specific Anosmia: a Clue to the Olfactory Code , 1967, Nature.

[147]  R. H. Cagan,et al.  Biochemical studies of olfaction: isolation, characterization, and odorant binding activity of cilia from rainbow trout olfactory rosettes. , 1980, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[148]  H Breer,et al.  Cloning of genomic and complementary DNA encoding insect pheromone binding proteins: evidence for microdiversity. , 1991, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[149]  E. Bignetti,et al.  Specificity of an immunoaffinity column for odorant-binding protein from bovine nasal mucosa , 1987 .

[150]  S. Ottonello,et al.  Crystal structure of the trigonal form of human plasma retinol-binding protein at 2.5 A resolution. , 1994, Journal of molecular biology.

[151]  M. Denaro,et al.  Expression of six mouse major urinary protein genes in the mammary, parotid, sublingual, submaxillary, and lachrymal glands and in the liver , 1987, Molecular and cellular biology.

[152]  W. Kohr,et al.  Cloning and expression of human apolipoprotein D cDNA. , 1986, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[153]  D. Dufour,et al.  Immunochemical study on rat urinary proteins: their relation to serum and kidney proteins (chromatographic separation of the major urinary protein). , 1965, Journal of immunology.

[154]  F. Macrides,et al.  The primary structure of aphrodisin. , 1988, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[155]  The subunits of specific odor‐binding glycoproteins from rat olfactory epithelium , 1987, FEBS letters.