Specifying the transformations within and between geographic data models

Geographic information is acquired according to several different underlying models of geographic space. Any meaning inherent within a dataset is intrinsically connected to the model by which it was captured. A design is presented for an integrated geographic information system offering a number of distinct views onto geographic space, of varying degrees of abstraction, to support the needs of an expanded user base. An architecture for such a system is developed by an extension of the traditional three layer architecture used in database design. The movement of data from one level of abstraction to another is formalized by a series of dataset and model transformations operating between four different geographic data models. From this formalism, a functional taxonomy of GIS operations is developed.

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