Imaging Markers of Progression in Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second‐most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease; however, to date, there is no approved treatment that stops or slows down disease progression. Over the past decades, neuroimaging studies, including molecular imaging and MRI are trying to provide insights into the mechanisms underlying PD.

[1]  Houeto Jean-Luc [Parkinson's disease]. , 2022, La Revue du praticien.

[2]  Kamin Kim,et al.  Compensatory dopaminergic-cholinergic interactions in conflict processing: Evidence from patients with Parkinson's disease , 2019, NeuroImage.

[3]  Kamin Kim,et al.  The cortical cholinergic system contributes to the top-down control of distraction: Evidence from patients with Parkinson's disease , 2019, NeuroImage.

[4]  L. Timmermann,et al.  Overlapping and distinct neural metabolic patterns related to impulsivity and hypomania in Parkinson’s disease , 2019, Brain Imaging and Behavior.

[5]  E. Tolosa,et al.  Extrastriatal monoaminergic dysfunction and enhanced microglial activation in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder , 2018, Neurobiology of Disease.

[6]  D. Eidelberg,et al.  Network imaging biomarkers: insights and clinical applications in Parkinson's disease , 2018, The Lancet Neurology.

[7]  Julie M. Hall,et al.  The functional network signature of heterogeneity in freezing of gait , 2018, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[8]  A. Zwergal,et al.  Pearls & Oy-sters: Ocular motor apraxia as essential differential diagnosis to supranuclear gaze palsy , 2018, Neurology.

[9]  Günther Deuschl,et al.  Progression of tremor in early stages of Parkinson’s disease: a clinical and neuroimaging study , 2018, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[10]  S. Houle,et al.  [18F]AV-1451 binding to neuromelanin in the substantia nigra in PD and PSP , 2018, Brain Structure and Function.

[11]  Jesper Jeppesen,et al.  Evaluation of the noradrenergic system in Parkinson’s disease: an 11C-MeNER PET and neuromelanin MRI study , 2018, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[12]  F. Esposito,et al.  Intrinsic brain connectivity predicts impulse control disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease , 2017, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[13]  Sylvain Houle,et al.  Abnormal intrinsic brain functional network dynamics in Parkinson’s disease , 2017, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[14]  E. Tolosa,et al.  Assessment of neuroinflammation in patients with idiopathic rapid-eye-movement sleep behaviour disorder: a case-control study , 2017, The Lancet Neurology.

[15]  F. Esposito,et al.  Resting-state brain networks in patients with Parkinson's disease and impulse control disorders , 2017, Cortex.

[16]  Alan A. Wilson,et al.  Positron emission tomography imaging of tau pathology in progressive supranuclear palsy , 2017, Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism.

[17]  A. Gjedde,et al.  Noradrenergic Deficits in Parkinson Disease Imaged with 11C-MeNER , 2017, The Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

[18]  D. Brooks,et al.  Chronic exposure to dopamine agonists affects the integrity of striatal D2 receptors in Parkinson's patients , 2017, NeuroImage: Clinical.

[19]  Ofer Pasternak,et al.  Progression marker of Parkinson’s disease: a 4-year multi-site imaging study , 2017, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[20]  P. Fox,et al.  Resting-state functional reorganization in Parkinson's disease: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis , 2017, Cortex.

[21]  A. Drzezga,et al.  Is Tau Imaging More Than Just Upside-Down 18F-FDG Imaging? , 2017, The Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

[22]  Kamin Kim,et al.  Thalamic cholinergic innervation makes a specific bottom-up contribution to signal detection: Evidence from Parkinson’s disease patients with defined cholinergic losses , 2017, NeuroImage.

[23]  W. Poewe,et al.  Meta‐analysis of dorsolateral nigral hyperintensity on magnetic resonance imaging as a marker for Parkinson's disease , 2017, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[24]  D. Brooks,et al.  Decreased intestinal acetylcholinesterase in early Parkinson disease , 2017, Neurology.

[25]  Luca Passamonti,et al.  18F-AV-1451 positron emission tomography in Alzheimer’s disease and progressive supranuclear palsy , 2017, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[26]  S. Houle,et al.  Microglial activation in Parkinson’s disease using [18F]-FEPPA , 2017, Journal of Neuroinflammation.

[27]  S. Houle,et al.  Fatigue in Parkinson's disease: The contribution of cerebral metabolic changes , 2017, Human brain mapping.

[28]  Anthony J. Spychalla,et al.  [18F]AV‐1451 tau positron emission tomography in progressive supranuclear palsy , 2017, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[29]  A. Drzezga,et al.  Elevated in vivo [18F]‐AV‐1451 uptake in a patient with progressive supranuclear palsy , 2017, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[30]  F. Niccolini,et al.  Serotonin transporter in Parkinson's disease: A meta‐analysis of positron emission tomography studies , 2016, Annals of neurology.

[31]  A. Takeda,et al.  In vivo visualization of tau deposits in corticobasal syndrome by 18F-THK5351 PET , 2016, Neurology.

[32]  Clement Hamani,et al.  Disrupted Nodal and Hub Organization Account for Brain Network Abnormalities in Parkinson’s Disease , 2016, Front. Aging Neurosci..

[33]  E. Tolosa,et al.  Nigral and striatal connectivity alterations in asymptomatic LRRK2 mutation carriers: A magnetic resonance imaging study , 2016, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[34]  Nikolaus R. McFarland,et al.  Functional MRI of disease progression in Parkinson disease and atypical parkinsonian syndromes , 2016, Neurology.

[35]  A. Lees,et al.  Visual dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease , 2016, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[36]  I. McKeith,et al.  Cholinergic and perfusion brain networks in Parkinson disease dementia , 2016, Neurology.

[37]  D. Brooks,et al.  In vivo imaging of neuromelanin in Parkinson's disease using 18F-AV-1451 PET. , 2016, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[38]  E. Tolosa,et al.  Loss of dorsolateral nigral hyperintensity on 3.0 tesla susceptibility‐weighted imaging in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder , 2016, Annals of neurology.

[39]  Nicola Pavese,et al.  Age at onset and Parkinson disease phenotype , 2016, Neurology.

[40]  P. Piccini,et al.  Serotonin-to-dopamine transporter ratios in Parkinson disease , 2016, Neurology.

[41]  J. Obeso,et al.  Significance of visual hallucinations and cerebral hypometabolism in the risk of dementia in Parkinson's disease patients with mild cognitive impairment , 2016, Human brain mapping.

[42]  Y Ben-Shlomo,et al.  Rivastigmine for gait stability in patients with Parkinson's disease (ReSPonD): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial , 2016, The Lancet Neurology.

[43]  Ofer Pasternak,et al.  Free-water imaging in Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonism. , 2016, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[44]  R. Albin,et al.  Striatal and Cortical β‐Amyloidopathy and Cognition in Parkinson's Disease , 2016, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[45]  A. Drzezga,et al.  Metabolic Topology of Neurodegenerative Disorders: Influence of Cognitive and Motor Deficits , 2015, The Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

[46]  L. Timmermann,et al.  A systematic review on the applications of resting-state fMRI in Parkinson's disease: Does dopamine replacement therapy play a role? , 2015, Cortex.

[47]  L. Timmermann,et al.  Impulsivity is Associated with Increased Metabolism in the Fronto-Insular Network in Parkinson’s Disease , 2015, Front. Behav. Neurosci..

[48]  S. Kapur,et al.  Loss of phosphodiesterase 10A expression is associated with progression and severity in Parkinson's disease. , 2015, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[49]  J. Seibyl,et al.  Clinical correlates of raphe serotonergic dysfunction in early Parkinson's disease. , 2015, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[50]  Alan A. Wilson,et al.  Imaging Striatal Microglial Activation in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease , 2015, PloS one.

[51]  Jae Sung Lee,et al.  Putaminal serotonergic innervation , 2015, Neurology.

[52]  D. Vaillancourt,et al.  Longitudinal changes in free-water within the substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease. , 2015, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[53]  Nikolaus R. McFarland,et al.  Distinct patterns of brain activity in progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson's disease , 2015, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[54]  Qin Chen,et al.  Functional connectome assessed using graph theory in drug-naive Parkinson’s disease , 2015, Journal of Neurology.

[55]  M. Hornberger,et al.  Abnormal connectivity between the default mode and the visual system underlies the manifestation of visual hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease: a task-based fMRI study , 2015, npj Parkinson's Disease.

[56]  A. Lawrence,et al.  Single versus multiple impulse control disorders in Parkinson’s disease: an 11C-raclopride positron emission tomography study of reward cue-evoked striatal dopamine release , 2015, Journal of Neurology.

[57]  A. Björklund,et al.  The role of pallidal serotonergic function in Parkinson's disease dyskinesias: a positron emission tomography study , 2015, Neurobiology of Aging.

[58]  Ajay S. Kurani,et al.  Distinct functional and macrostructural brain changes in Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy , 2015, Human brain mapping.

[59]  R. Albin,et al.  Frequency of cholinergic and caudate nucleus dopaminergic deficits across the predemented cognitive spectrum of Parkinson disease and evidence of interaction effects. , 2015, JAMA neurology.

[60]  D. Vaillancourt,et al.  Increased free water in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease: a single-site and multi-site study , 2015, Neurobiology of Aging.

[61]  I. Toni,et al.  Reorganization of corticostriatal circuits in healthy G2019S LRRK2 carriers , 2015, Neurology.

[62]  E. Tolosa,et al.  Cognitive impairment and resting‐state network connectivity in Parkinson's disease , 2015, Human brain mapping.

[63]  D. Eidelberg,et al.  Effects of levodopa on regional cerebral metabolism and blood flow , 2015, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[64]  Marios Politis,et al.  Neuroimaging in Parkinson disease: from research setting to clinical practice , 2014, Nature Reviews Neurology.

[65]  A. Tessitore,et al.  Resting-state fMRI sheds light on neural substrates of cognitive decline in Parkinson disease , 2014, Neurology.

[66]  A. Tessitore,et al.  Mini Review Article , 2022 .

[67]  Stephanie Studenski,et al.  Extra‐nigral pathological conditions are common in Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait: An in vivo positron emission tomography study , 2014, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[68]  Klaus Seppi,et al.  Visualization of nigrosome 1 and its loss in PD: Pathoanatomical correlation and in vivo 7T MRI , 2014, Neurology.

[69]  G. Halliday,et al.  Tricks of the mind: Visual hallucinations as disorders of attention , 2014, Progress in Neurobiology.

[70]  G. Halliday,et al.  The role of dysfunctional attentional control networks in visual misperceptions in Parkinson's disease , 2014, Human brain mapping.

[71]  R. Mehanna Gait speed in Parkinson disease correlates with cholinergic degeneration , 2014, Neurology.

[72]  Antonio P Strafella,et al.  Uncovering the role of the insula in non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. , 2014, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[73]  F. Turkheimer,et al.  Serotonergic mechanisms responsible for levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease patients. , 2014, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[74]  S. Houle,et al.  Combined insular and striatal dopamine dysfunction are associated with executive deficits in Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment. , 2014, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[75]  G. Stebbins,et al.  I finally see what you see: Parkinson's disease visual hallucinations captured with functional neuroimaging , 2014, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[76]  S. Studenski,et al.  Gait speed in Parkinson disease correlates with cholinergic degeneration , 2013, Neurology.

[77]  Joel S Perlmutter,et al.  Principal component analysis of PiB distribution in Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases , 2013, Neurology.

[78]  R. Bowtell,et al.  Visualization of nigrosome 1 and its loss in PD , 2013, Neurology.

[79]  C. Adler,et al.  Disease duration and the integrity of the nigrostriatal system in Parkinson's disease. , 2013, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[80]  T. Robbins,et al.  The CamPaIGN study of Parkinson's disease: 10-year outlook in an incident population-based cohort , 2013, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry.

[81]  Fabrizio Esposito,et al.  Rhythm-specific modulation of the sensorimotor network in drug-naive patients with Parkinson's disease by levodopa. , 2013, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[82]  Martin Sarter,et al.  Leveraging the cortical cholinergic system to enhance attention , 2013, Neuropharmacology.

[83]  D. Perani,et al.  Faculty Opinions recommendation of [¹⁸F]FDG-PET is superior to [¹²³I]IBZM-SPECT for the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism. , 2012 .

[84]  Fabrizio Esposito,et al.  Default-mode network connectivity in cognitively unimpaired patients with Parkinson disease , 2012, Neurology.

[85]  N. Cairns,et al.  Pathologic accumulation of α-synuclein and Aβ in Parkinson disease patients with dementia. , 2012, Archives of neurology.

[86]  R. Buchert,et al.  [18F]FDG-PET is superior to [123I]IBZM-SPECT for the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism , 2012, Neurology.

[87]  R. Albin,et al.  Aβ-amyloid deposition in patients with Parkinson disease at risk for development of dementia , 2012, Neurology.

[88]  S. Gilman,et al.  Heterogeneity of Cholinergic Denervation in Parkinson's Disease without Dementia , 2012, Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism.

[89]  G. Frisoni,et al.  Resting state fMRI in Alzheimer's disease: beyond the default mode network , 2012, Neurobiology of Aging.

[90]  Ehren L. Newman,et al.  Cholinergic modulation of cognitive processing: insights drawn from computational models , 2012, Front. Behav. Neurosci..

[91]  Alan A. Wilson,et al.  Translocator Protein (18 kDa) Polymorphism (rs6971) Explains in-vivo Brain Binding Affinity of the PET Radioligand [18F]-FEPPA , 2012, Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism.

[92]  Fabrizio Esposito,et al.  Interaction between aging and neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis , 2012, Neurobiology of Aging.

[93]  G. H. Halliday,et al.  Investigating visual misperceptions in Parkinson's disease: A novel behavioral paradigm , 2012, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[94]  Igor D. Grachev,et al.  Regional changes in type 1 cannabinoid receptor availability in Parkinson's disease in vivo , 2012, Neurobiology of Aging.

[95]  M. Mikl,et al.  The default mode network integrity in patients with Parkinson’s disease is levodopa equivalent dose-dependent , 2012, Journal of Neural Transmission.

[96]  D. Burn,et al.  The interplay of cholinergic function, attention, and falls in Parkinson's disease , 2011, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[97]  V. Menon Large-scale brain networks and psychopathology: a unifying triple network model , 2011, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[98]  O. Lindvall,et al.  Graft‐induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: High striatal serotonin/dopamine transporter ratio , 2011, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[99]  Marios Politis,et al.  Cue-induced striatal dopamine release in Parkinson's disease-associated impulsive-compulsive behaviours. , 2011, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[100]  M. Politis C O M M E N T a R Y Open Access , 2022 .

[101]  Angie A. Kehagia,et al.  Neuropsychological and clinical heterogeneity of cognitive impairment and dementia in patients with Parkinson's disease , 2010, The Lancet Neurology.

[102]  D. Vaillancourt,et al.  Basal ganglia hypoactivity during grip force in drug naïve Parkinson's disease , 2010, Human brain mapping.

[103]  N. Cairns,et al.  Amyloid imaging of Lewy body‐associated disorders , 2010, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[104]  S. Houle,et al.  Drug-induced deactivation of inhibitory networks predicts pathological gambling in PD , 2010, Neurology.

[105]  F. Horak,et al.  Effects of a central cholinesterase inhibitor on reducing falls in Parkinson disease , 2010, Neurology.

[106]  S. Lehéricy,et al.  Cholinergic mesencephalic neurons are involved in gait and postural disorders in Parkinson disease. , 2010, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[107]  Marios Politis,et al.  Serotonergic Neurons Mediate Dyskinesia Side Effects in Parkinson’s Patients with Neural Transplants , 2010, Science Translational Medicine.

[108]  M. Filippi,et al.  Default-mode network dysfunction and cognitive impairment in progressive MS , 2010, Neurology.

[109]  Werner Poewe,et al.  A double-blind, delayed-start trial of rasagiline in Parkinson's disease. , 2009, The New England journal of medicine.

[110]  S. Studenski,et al.  History of falls in Parkinson disease is associated with reduced cholinergic activity , 2009, Neurology.

[111]  R. Pearce,et al.  The morbid anatomy of dementia in Parkinson’s disease , 2009, Acta Neuropathologica.

[112]  T. Suhara,et al.  Mapping of brain acetylcholinesterase alterations in Lewy body disease by PET , 2009, Neuroscience Research.

[113]  Oury Monchi,et al.  Dysfunction of the default mode network in Parkinson disease: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. , 2009, Archives of neurology.

[114]  S. Houle,et al.  Increased striatal dopamine release in Parkinsonian patients with pathological gambling: a [11C] raclopride PET study. , 2009, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[115]  David J. Brooks,et al.  Evidence of dopamine dysfunction in the hypothalamus of patients with Parkinson's disease: An in vivo 11C-raclopride PET study , 2008, Experimental Neurology.

[116]  G. Bernardi,et al.  Lowered cAMP and cGMP signalling in the brain during levodopa‐induced dyskinesias in hemiparkinsonian rats: new aspects in the pathogenetic mechanisms , 2008, The European journal of neuroscience.

[117]  V. Menon,et al.  A critical role for the right fronto-insular cortex in switching between central-executive and default-mode networks , 2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[118]  G. Glover,et al.  Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Major Depression: Abnormally Increased Contributions from Subgenual Cingulate Cortex and Thalamus , 2007, Biological Psychiatry.

[119]  Kristina M. Visscher,et al.  A Core System for the Implementation of Task Sets , 2006, Neuron.

[120]  Jeffrey M. Hausdorff,et al.  Dual tasking, gait rhythmicity, and Parkinson's disease: Which aspects of gait are attention demanding? , 2005, The European journal of neuroscience.

[121]  Maurizio Corbetta,et al.  The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks. , 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[122]  J. Berger-Sweeney The cholinergic basal forebrain system during development and its influence on cognitive processes: important questions and potential answers , 2003, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[123]  Alan A. Wilson,et al.  Imaging the serotonin transporter with positron emission tomography: initial human studies with [11C]DAPP and [11C]DASB , 2000, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

[124]  D J Wyper,et al.  Correlation of Parkinson's disease severity and duration with 123I‐FP‐CIT SPECT striatal uptake , 2000, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[125]  V. Sossi,et al.  In vivo positron emission tomographic evidence for compensatory changes in presynaptic dopaminergic nerve terminals in Parkinson's disease , 2000, Annals of neurology.

[126]  Eileen O. Smith,et al.  Decreased single‐photon emission computed tomographic {123I}β‐CIT striatal uptake correlates with symptom severity in parkinson's disease , 1995, Annals of neurology.

[127]  N. Weiner,et al.  Dopaminergic functional supersensitivity: effects of chronic L-dopa and carbidopa treatment in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. , 1993, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.

[128]  A. Lees,et al.  Ageing and Parkinson's disease: substantia nigra regional selectivity. , 1991, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[129]  Young T. Hong,et al.  18 FAV-1451 positron emission tomography in Alzheimer ’ s disease and progressive supranuclear palsy , 2017 .

[130]  T. Foltynie,et al.  The ongoing pursuit of neuroprotective therapies in Parkinson disease , 2015, Nature Reviews Neurology.

[131]  F. Esposito,et al.  Resting-state functional connectivity associated with mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease , 2014, Journal of Neurology.

[132]  David Eidelberg,et al.  Abnormal metabolic brain networks in Parkinson's disease from blackboard to bedside. , 2010, Progress in brain research.

[133]  I. Podreka,et al.  Measurement of the dopaminergic degeneration in Parkinson’s disease with [123I]β-CIT and SPECT , 1997 .

[134]  S. Asenbaum,et al.  Measurement of the dopaminergic degeneration in Parkinson's disease with [123I] beta-CIT and SPECT. Correlation with clinical findings and comparison with multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy. , 1997, Journal of neural transmission. Supplementum.