Analysis of ocean diurnal variations from the Korean Geostationary Ocean Color Imager measurements using the DINEOF method

Abstract High-frequency images of the water diffuse attenuation coefficient at the wavelength of 490 nm (Kd(490)) derived from the Korean Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) provide a unique opportunity to study diurnal variation of water turbidity in coastal regions of the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea. However, there are many missing pixels in the original GOCI-derived Kd(490) images due to clouds and various other reasons. Data Interpolating Empirical Orthogonal Function (DINEOF) is a method to reconstruct missing data in geophysical datasets based on the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF). It utilizes both temporal and spatial coherencies of data to infer a solution at the missing locations. In this study, the DINEOF is applied to GOCI-derived Kd(490) data in the Yangtze River mouth and the Yellow River mouth regions, and the DINEOF reconstructed Kd(490) data are used to fill in the missing pixels. In fact, DINEOF has been used to fill in gaps in ocean color chlorophyll-a and turbidity data from the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) in previous studies. Our GOCI validation results show that the bias between the reconstructed data and the original Kd(490) value is quite small (

[1]  Menghua Wang,et al.  Retrieval of water-leaving radiance and aerosol optical thickness over the oceans with SeaWiFS: a preliminary algorithm. , 1994, Applied optics.

[2]  Joo-Hyung Ryu,et al.  Development of Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) , 2010 .

[3]  Bryan A. Franz,et al.  Comparing the ocean color measurements between MOS and SeaWiFS: a vicarious intercalibration approach for MOS , 2000, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[4]  J. Ryu,et al.  Ocean color products from the Korean Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI). , 2013, Optics express.

[5]  Menghua Wang,et al.  Identification of pixels with stray light and cloud shadow contaminations in the satellite ocean color data processing. , 2013, Applied optics.

[6]  Menghua Wang,et al.  Water properties in Chesapeake Bay from MODIS-Aqua measurements , 2012 .

[7]  Wei Shi,et al.  MODIS‐derived ocean color products along the China east coastal region , 2007 .

[8]  C. Davis,et al.  Diffuse attenuation coefficient of downwelling irradiance: An evaluation of remote sensing methods , 2005 .

[9]  Pierre-Marie Poulain,et al.  MODIS chlorophyll variability in the northern Adriatic Sea and relationship with forcing parameters , 2007 .

[10]  Jon Sáenz,et al.  Reconstruction of sea surface temperature by means of DINEOF: a case study during the fishing season in the Bay of Biscay , 2011 .

[11]  J. Beckers,et al.  Reconstruction of incomplete oceanographic data sets using empirical orthogonal functions: application to the Adriatic Sea surface temperature , 2005 .

[12]  Alice T. Isaacman,et al.  Ocean-color optical property data derived from the Japanese Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner and the French Polarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectances: a comparison study. , 2002, Applied optics.

[13]  T. Murty,et al.  Variations of the age of tides in the global oceans , 1987 .

[14]  Menghua Wang.  Remote sensing of the ocean contributions from ultraviolet to near-infrared using the shortwave infrared bands: simulations. , 2007, Applied optics.

[15]  Xinyu Guo,et al.  Three-dimensional structure of tidal current in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea , 1998 .

[16]  Wei Shi,et al.  Observations of ocean diurnal variations from the Korean geostationary ocean color imager (GOCI) , 2014, Sensing Technologies + Applications.

[17]  Quinten Vanhellemont,et al.  Analysis of high frequency geostationary ocean colour data using DINEOF , 2015 .

[18]  G. Egbert,et al.  Efficient Inverse Modeling of Barotropic Ocean Tides , 2002 .

[19]  Menghua Wang,et al.  Atmospheric correction using near-infrared bands for satellite ocean color data processing in the turbid western Pacific region. , 2012, Optics express.

[20]  Ruoying He,et al.  Spatial and temporal variability of SST and ocean color in the Gulf of Maine based on cloud-free SST and chlorophyll reconstructions in 2003–2012 , 2014 .

[21]  Menghua Wang,et al.  Ocean reflectance spectra at the red, near‐infrared, and shortwave infrared from highly turbid waters: A study in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea , 2014 .

[22]  Y. Saito,et al.  The Huanghe (Yellow River) and Changjiang (Yangtze River) deltas: a review on their characteristics, evolution and sediment discharge during the Holocene , 2001 .

[23]  K. Voss,et al.  Impacts of VIIRS SDR performance on ocean color products , 2013 .

[24]  J. Beckers,et al.  EOF Calculations and Data Filling from Incomplete Oceanographic Datasets , 2003 .

[25]  Menghua Wang,et al.  Satellite observations of the seasonal sediment plume in central East China Sea , 2010 .

[26]  Kevin Ruddick,et al.  Reconstruction of MODIS total suspended matter time series maps by DINEOF and validation with autonomous platform data , 2011 .

[27]  Jong-Kuk Choi,et al.  GOCI, the world's first geostationary ocean color observation satellite, for the monitoring of temporal variability in coastal water turbidity , 2012 .

[28]  Menghua Wang,et al.  Retrieval of diffuse attenuation coefficient in the Chesapeake Bay and turbid ocean regions for satellite ocean color applications , 2009 .

[29]  B. Franz,et al.  Examining the consistency of products derived from various ocean color sensors in open ocean (Case 1) waters in the perspective of a multi-sensor approach , 2007 .

[30]  Menghua Wang,et al.  Diffuse attenuation coefficient of the photosynthetically available radiation Kd(PAR) for global open ocean and coastal waters , 2015 .

[31]  Pierre-Marie Poulain,et al.  Spatial and temporal variability of the sea surface temperature in the Gulf of Trieste between January 2000 and December 2006 , 2008 .

[32]  Menghua Wang,et al.  Retrieval of the seawater reflectance for suspended solids monitoring in the East China Sea using MODIS, MERIS and GOCI satellite data , 2014 .

[33]  Menghua Wang,et al.  Spring‐neap tidal effects on satellite ocean color observations in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea , 2011 .

[34]  Menghua Wang,et al.  Effects of ocean surface reflectance variation with solar elevation on normalized water-leaving radiance. , 2006, Applied optics.

[35]  B. Gentili,et al.  Diffuse reflectance of oceanic waters. III. Implication of bidirectionality for the remote-sensing problem. , 1996, Applied optics.

[36]  Menghua Wang,et al.  Evaluation of MODIS SWIR and NIR-SWIR atmospheric correction algorithms using SeaBASS data , 2009 .

[37]  Menghua Wang,et al.  The NIR-SWIR combined atmospheric correction approach for MODIS ocean color data processing. , 2007, Optics express.

[38]  Jong-Kuk Choi,et al.  Temporal variation in Korean coastal waters using Geostationary Ocean Color Imager , 2011 .

[39]  Ming Li,et al.  Effects of tides on freshwater and volume transports in the Changjiang River plume , 2012 .

[40]  H. Gordon,et al.  Normalized water-leaving radiance: revisiting the influence of surface roughness. , 2005, Applied optics.

[41]  Menghua Wang,et al.  Satellite views of the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea , 2012 .

[42]  Rosalia Santoleri,et al.  Seasonal to interannual phytoplankton response to physical processes in the Mediterranean Sea from satellite observations , 2012 .

[43]  Jean-Marie Beckers,et al.  Cloud filling of ocean colour and sea surface temperature remote sensing products over the Southern North Sea by the Data Interpolating Empirical Orthogonal Functions methodology , 2011 .

[44]  A. Bennett,et al.  TOPEX/POSEIDON tides estimated using a global inverse model , 1994 .

[45]  Minwei Zhang,et al.  Retrieval of total suspended matter concentration in the Yellow and East China Seas from MODIS imagery , 2010 .